(1) The traditional telephone interview is to select an investigator, dial the phone and ask a series of questions according to the sample list. The interviewer (investigator) records the respondents' answers on the answer sheet according to the questionnaire. Investigators are concentrated in a place or a special telephone interview room, and face-to-face interviews are started at a fixed time, and the site is managed by a supervisor. Investigators are specially trained, mainly part-time college students or other personnel.
(2) Computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) In developed countries, especially in the United States, computer-assisted telephone interview is more common than traditional telephone interview, and it is concentrated in a central position. At present, a few domestic survey companies adopt this method. Computer-aided telephone interview uses computer-designed questionnaires to interview respondents by telephone. Computer questionnaires can be designed and generated by mainframes, microcomputers or personal computers. The investigator sits opposite the CRT terminal (a terminal device with a screen and keyboard connected to the master control computer) and wears a small earphone phone. CRT replaced questionnaires, answer sheets and pencils. Dial the required number through the computer. After the phone is connected, the investigators read the questions and answers displayed on the CRT screen, and directly record the respondents' answers (expressed in numbers) into the computer's memory library with the keyboard. Computers will systematically guide the work of investigators. On the CRT screen, the question and answer only appears once. The computer will check the appropriateness and consistency of the answers. The data acquisition process is natural and smooth, the access time is greatly shortened, the data quality is enhanced, and the process of data coding and entry is no longer needed. Since the answers are directly input into the computer, regular and up-to-date reports on data collection and results can be obtained almost immediately.
(3) Home visit refers to the home visit of the investigator to the home or work unit of the respondent and direct contact with the respondent. Then use the interview questionnaire to ask questions one by one and record the other's answers; Or give your completed questionnaire to the respondent, explain the method, and wait for the other person to fill it out or come back later to collect the questionnaire. This is the most commonly used survey method in China at present. The surveyed households or units are selected according to certain random sampling standards, and the interviewees determined after entering the household also have certain rules.
(4) Interception refers to intercepting some people present for face-to-face interviews in a certain place (usually a bustling business district). This method is often used to investigate the intention of commercial consumers. The advantage of intercepting face-to-face interviews is high efficiency, but no matter how to control the quality of samples and surveys, the collected data can not prove to be very representative in general. This is the biggest problem of intercepting access.
(5) Focus Discussion Group is a structured and natural way for a well-trained host to talk with Focus Group of respondents. The moderator is responsible for organizing the discussion. The main purpose of group discussion is to have a deep understanding of some related issues by listening to the opinions of a group of respondents selected from the target market to be studied by researchers. The value of this method is that you can often get some unexpected findings from free group discussion. (6) In-depth interview The in-depth interview method is an unstructured, direct and personal interview. During the interview, an investigator with advanced skills deeply interviewed an interviewee to reveal his potential motivation, beliefs, attitudes and feelings about a certain issue. There are three commonly used in-depth interview techniques: stepping forward, exploring hidden problems and symbolic analysis. In-depth interview is also an exploratory research, which is mainly used to gain an understanding and in-depth understanding of the problem.
(7) Projection technology The so-called projection technology is an unstructured and indirect form of inquiry, which can encourage respondents to project their potential motives, beliefs, attitudes or feelings about their own concerns. In projection skills, the respondent is not required to describe his own behavior, but to explain the behavior of others. When explaining other people's behaviors, respondents indirectly project their own motives, beliefs, attitudes or feelings into relevant situations. Therefore, by analyzing respondents' reactions to unstructured, unclear and ambiguous "scripts", their attitudes are revealed. The more vague the plot, the more respondents will project their feelings, needs, motives, attitudes and values, just like analyzing patients' psychology with projection technology in psychological counseling clinic. Like the classification in psychology, projection technology can be divided into association technology, completion technology, structure technology and expression technology.
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