If we say finance before 2 1 century, we should consider China finance facing 2 1 century. Any science has its stages of development, obvious characteristics of the times, or it will be branded with the times. We need to expose its development trend. However, science is also a process of development, and it is rolling forward. We can only accomplish what history has given us and we have the conditions to do it. In the process of developing market economy, we should popularize financial knowledge in the whole society and improve the financial science level of a considerable number of people. What is urgently needed is to establish a complete financial science system oriented to 2 1 century.
The first thing I encountered was the positioning of the financial discipline. At present, it is generally believed that economics is a first-class discipline, and correspondingly, finance is two disciplines. According to Comrade Qian Xuesen's opinion, finance is a first-level discipline alongside political economy, followed by grades two, three and four. To this end, it is necessary to look back and get to the bottom of it.
First, is finance a science? It has been a vague question for many years. Some people admit that it is a science, but few or no one studies finance as a discipline deeply and systematically. Only the branches of finance are studied, and the whole discipline, such as its content, characteristics, structure and laws, its development and evolution process, and its relationship with other disciplines, is rarely or never studied. It seems a little wasteful. Some people also study the theoretical and practical problems in the financial field, but they don't recognize or ignore the science of finance. The outstanding contradiction is manifested in some colleges and universities. The basic theory course of finance major is about finance, but the teaching material is money and banking. There are hundreds of textbooks about money and banks, but the contents are not beyond the scope of finance.
Second, it depends on the evolution of China's financial discipline. From different periods:
1. Before liberation, monetary banking, as a science of western economics, was introduced into China with the entry of modern banks and other financial institutions.
2. In the early days of liberation, finance or financial science was put forward as a complete concept. 1950 The establishment of China Finance Association is an important symbol. However, some major colleges and universities still teach money and banking, and introduced the Yellow Book "Capitalist Money Circulation and Credit" and "Socialist Money Circulation and Credit" from the Soviet Union.
3. In 1960s and 1970s, influenced by the "Left" trend of thought, financial theory research was established in various restricted areas, and research activities were almost interrupted.
4. After the late 1970s, the research on financial theory gradually resumed, breaking through various forbidden zones and learning to resume activities. Teaching in colleges and universities tends to be consistent and integrated in content (although it is still money and banking), and financial science is independent as a new discipline.
In the mid-1980s, scholars such as Qian Xuesen put forward the concept of "financial economics". It is considered that finance is a technical theoretical science, financial economics is a basic theoretical science, and it is a comprehensive social and financial discipline alongside political economics and production economics. Of course, these studies are still in progress, but it is hard to say whether the financial science system has entered a new stage, and this issue needs further demonstration.
Third, finance mainly includes:
1, Basic Theory of Finance.
2. Research on financial system and financial policies.
3. Financial business technology research.
4. Research on financial history.
In any case, under the condition of modern market economy, finance should be a pagoda-shaped scientific system. Finance or financial economics is at the top of the pagoda, and there are monetary science, professional finance, departmental finance, financial marketing, financial history and insurance below. With the deepening of finance, financial innovation and the development of financial derivatives or tools, these disciplines can be further subdivided. There is another important aspect of the orientation of financial discipline. That is to say, it is a practical learning, the truth should be thoroughly explained, and it should be used to guide practice and solve practical problems. On the whole, the current situation of financial discipline construction in China is backward. There is no complete discipline system, so it is not difficult to understand the lack of financial knowledge of residents in society. Moreover, the combination with practice is not only divorced from reality, so that some people can't find a good job after graduating from finance, and they can't closely combine theory with practice when looking for a job. Finance, in the traditional sense, should be defined as the knowledge related to banks, or the knowledge of monetary financing. Including monetary banking, monetary economics and financial management theory.
Second, strive to build China's financial science.
China's financial reform and development has gone through eighteen years, experienced many difficulties and twists and turns, made brilliant achievements, accumulated many positive and negative experiences and lessons, and provided extensive materials for current theoretical research and experience summary. At present, the financial reform and development in China has reached a new historical juncture. We should not only see that the historical trend of market economy development is irresistible, especially the form of opening to the outside world poses severe challenges, but also see that the contradiction between tradition and the old system is deepening and there is a serious crisis lurking. All these put forward urgent tasks for the current financial theory research, and require financial students in China to work hard for it.
First, to establish a scientific system of China's financial theory oriented to the 2 1 century, we must first have a clear direction and task. Under the guidance of Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, especially Deng Xiaoping and Socialism with Chinese characteristics's theory, drawing lessons from the beneficial achievements of foreign financial science, and on the basis of profound reflection on traditional finance, this paper makes a comprehensive and systematic scientific summary of China's financial development and reform experience, thus forming China's financial science system.
Second, there must be a clear definition. As mentioned earlier, according to the history and present situation of China's finance, the accumulation of theoretical knowledge and experience, the breakthrough of financial policy and financial development, and drawing lessons from international experience, we can put forward two basic principles of China's definition of financial science:
1, taking China's financial system and theoretical practice as the basic research object;
2. It should include at least three basic theories: monetary banking, monetary economics and financial management. Financial science obviously has strong basic theoretical characteristics, but in the classification of economic disciplines, it can only belong to applied economics. As an applied economics, it can and should naturally contain obvious national characteristics. Therefore, China's financial science should, of course, take the history and present situation of China's finance and the development of China's financial reform as the basic principles and laws, and at the same time, learn from the advanced management experience of financial development in other countries, especially developed countries, to accelerate the development of China's financial science and serve the cause of China's financial reform and financial development.
Third, the basic content of China's financial science system. One theme: (socialist) market finance. The content mainly discusses the basic theories of monetary, credit, financial markets, banks and other financial organizations under the socialist market economy. Seven pillars (branches), namely:
1, financial market science: including money market science and capital market science, which can be further refined;
2. Banking management: including central banks, policy banks, commercial banks and cooperative banks;
3. Non-bank finance: including investment, trust, insurance, leasing, etc.
4. Foreign finance (international finance): including balance of payments, foreign exchange, foreign debt and utilization of foreign capital;
5. Focus on the transformation from semi-colonial finance to new-democratic finance, from new-democratic finance to socialist finance, and from socialist planned finance to socialist market finance;
6. History of financial theory: it mainly reflects the discussion of previous financial theory issues since the founding of the People's Republic of China;
7. Financial technology: including bank accounting, bank finance, financial statistics, financial auditing, etc.
Fourth, the classification of financial science. Financial science is a discipline group. If the financial discipline group is divided into several categories, it generally consists of five disciplines:
1, the basic theoretical discipline of finance is financial economics. As we all know, financial economics was put forward by Mr. Qian Xuesen in 1987. Focus on the purpose of financial and economic activities, the basic laws of finance, the laws of financial operation, the benefits of financial activities and other basic theoretical issues. Financial economics is at the highest level of the financial science system, which plays a guiding role in the research of other levels of financial disciplines.
2. Applied finance. It is a subject that applies the basic principles of financial economics to study general theoretical problems in the financial field. There are mainly monetary science, credit science, central banking science, commercial banking science, insurance science, international finance and other disciplines.
3. Finance and Business. A discipline that mainly studies the operational principles in the field of financial business. It mainly includes financial accounting, financial auditing, financial markets, financial statistics, financial research, financial management, financial services, financial ideological and political work, financial discipline inspection and supervision, etc.
4. The interdisciplinary of finance. It is mainly a discipline formed by applying the principles of other disciplines to study financial problems. It mainly includes financial leadership, financial talents, financial sociology, financial culture, financial accounting, financial informatics, financial mathematics, financial application writing, financial environment, savings psychology, and the application of "old three theories" and "new three theories" in banks.
5. Financial history. There are mainly Chinese and foreign financial history, Chinese and foreign financial thought history, numismatics and so on.