During the Spring and Autumn Period, the owner of Jiwanggu Tomb in Yishui, Shandong Province was Ji Bo Hou Ji's wife.
plum
Feng (surname)
( 1)
According to Qilu Evening News
four
moon
23
Japanese newspapers reported that Wang Gu, the tomb owner of Yi Shui Ji in the Spring and Autumn Period, was the original provincial archaeological institute.
Mr. Chang and a researcher at the provincial museum,
Mr. Wang Entian, an ancient philologist,
Are based on archaeological data
Information and previous archaeological experience,
Made important comments.
According to Ji Wanggu's records, Mr. Zhang Xuehai boarded the Spring and Autumn Tomb.
and
1975
There are * * similarities in the shape, funerary objects and human sacrifices of Liujiadianzi Spring and Autumn Tomb in Yishui County in, and a conclusion is drawn from this.
The identity of the owner of the tomb is the monarch of the state of Ju.
According to the bronze inscriptions unearthed in the tombs,
Decide that the owner's name is Zhong.
It is the name of "Tongya", but it is not clear which era and nationality the Zhong family belongs to. On this basis, I think
Who is the owner of the tomb of the ancient king in Yishui in the Spring and Autumn Period is still a problem that needs to be discussed.
Because Mr. Zhang's judgment and viewpoint are very positive, this paper analyzes Mr. Zhang's viewpoint
And discuss with teacher Zhang for advice. I don't know anything about archaeology, because I write about exploring Shouguang ancient country.
A book, I know a little about the history of Dongyi ancient country, but the archaeological problems I mentioned are purely outside the door.
According to the owner of the tomb, Mr. Wang buried Ding, Wei and Dun bronzes and four carriages (maybe ten).
And groups of musical instruments, the ancient tomb was built to the top of the tomb, and the tomb was judged.
The Lord is not "an ordinary city or a low position."
Ruler "
Therefore, it is a vassal monarch and a "king of the country."
It is correct to judge that the tomb owner is a vassal-level monarch, but the tomb owner must be the monarch of Ju State, as if
Still lack of direct and excellent basis.
The report said:
"
Since he is the monarch of the country, why not be buried in the capital of the country?
,
Is now the county seat of Juxian county is a
waistband
"Zhang Xuehai said.
"In the past archaeological discoveries, most of the tombs of the country's monarchs were like this. For example, Yishui County in Southwest China.
The Tomb of the State of Ju in the Spring and Autumn Period at the eastern end of the Ministry of Education is about 50 kilometers away from the capital.
40
Kilometers,
Ju 'nan County Dadian Chunqiu Tomb Yue
40
Kilometers.
this time
The straight line distance from the Spring and Autumn Tomb discovered by Guding to the capital of Juguo is
50
About 100 km, you can see the mausoleum of the monarch of the country of Ju.
It is far from the capital. therefore
,
Can't say it's not the tomb of the monarch of Ju State.
"
There are several issues to be discussed here:
1. What is the main archaeological and historical basis for determining the owner of the tomb?
A bronze Ge inscribed with the word "Gong Ju" was unearthed from the tomb of Liujiadianzi. Uncle Juzhong Unearthed from Dadian Tomb in Ju 'nan
Zhong Ping "
Therefore, it is inferred that the owners of these two tombs are the tombs of the monarch of the State of Ju.
But the bronze inscription on the tomb of the ancient ding of Ji Wang is like this
"Zhongfan
Stone "
Therefore, according to the inscriptions of unearthed objects, it is not certain that the tomb is the tomb of the monarch of the country of Ju.
Because of this, Mr. Zhang's judgment is mainly based on the burial system and funerary objects. But the burial system, funerary objects, etc.
We can roughly judge the age and cultural type of tombs,
But it is hard to say which country's monarch the tomb owner is. because
Countries such as Juguo, to which Dongyi belongs,
There are many similarities in its tomb culture.
It is difficult to judge the owner of the tomb on this basis.
Identity. With regard to human martyrdom,
"China Archaeology, Western Zhou Volume" contains:
"The ancient city of Lu in the early Spring and Autumn Period.
M202
Spring and Autumn
Zhong phase ju' nan branch
The second part of money supply
And big stores in the late spring and autumn period.
M 1
Everyone has a martyr.
"About the tomb system, the book says:
There is a kind of "three burials", that is, coffin burial or coffin burial. This tomb phenomenon can be seen in Xue's old city.
M9
、
M5
、
M3
, Yishui liujiadianzi
M 1
Changdaowanggou
M 10
, Zhangqiu Yujiabu
M 137
Hill Phoenix
M 1
, Laiwu
Daiyuchi Tomb of Warring States Period.
"
Institute of archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences:
China Archaeology Biweekly Volume I
19
Page,
China social sciences press
2004
Thus, during the Spring and Autumn Period, the burial system of the oriental nationalities was as follows
There are many similarities, so it is very unreliable to judge the monarch of that country only by the tomb system.
20 14 comprehensive review guidance for the sprint of the senior high school entrance examination
Beijing area examination questions Guangdong area examination questions Jiangsu area examination questions
2
2. The tomb of the monarch of the State of Ju is located in the capital of the State of Ju.
50
What is the basis of kilometers northeast mountainous area?
Taking Dongtou Spring and Autumn Tomb and Yishui Garden in Dadian, Ju 'nan as examples, Mr. Zhang thinks:
"Visible junan infanta tomb from Beijing.
The city is far away. "
The tombs of the two monarchs of Ju State
Located in the south of the capital Junan,
And Ju was also in the Spring and Autumn Period.
This is the land of Juguo,
Nanju is another capital of the country; One is in the west of the capital, Yishui County. Jin jun' an
County,
Juxian county and the southeast of Yishui county,
Are all within the sphere of influence of the ancient kingdom of Ju.
However, Ji Wang, located in the northeast of Yishui County, fell behind.
It's different. By the end of the Spring and Autumn Period or during the "Spring War" as Mr. Zhang said, the surrounding environment and itself of Ju State
China's political status has changed fundamentally.
B.C.
693
Year,
Qi Shi moved to Shaanxi and Guizhou.
; B.C.
69 1
In autumn,
"Ji Ji is immersed in
Qi "
; B.C.
690
In the summer of ...,
"Hou Ji returned to his country"
. At this point, the territory of Qi has been occupied by Qi.
Hou Ji, the leader of the country, is gone, but in fact Ji Guo is dead.
After the death of Ji, the territory of Ju was directly exposed to Qi. , Du Pre-note:
"jiyi, in the east
Southeast of Guanlin County.
"The southeast of Linqu County is Yishui and Yiyuan, and it has become a trend.
Range of power.
After the demise of Qi, it began to conquer small neighboring countries.
B.C.
`686
In the summer of ...,
"Gong qi shi wai Xi. xi
Drop qi Shi "
; B.C.
684
In the winter of October,
"Qi Shi Tan. Tan Zi ran towards Ju.
"Qi division out tan, Tan Ziran.
Zhu, this does not bode well for Zhu. Then, BC
675
、
674
Year,
"Mrs. Jiang enters the house" and
Mrs. Lu is an adulteress who has entered Ju 'an twice.
Although the purpose of moving in is unknown,
But it seems bad for Ju.
News.
When I was in Qi Huangong,
Inbreeding and far-reaching attacks,
Although we didn't do anything to Zhu,
But I don't care anymore.
"pipeline"
small
Q "contains:
"Chu destroyed Ju 'an, and Ju 'jun made people ask for help in Qi, and Huan Gong would save it. Guan Zhong said," Don't save it. ┅┅
Jun Jun is a villain, so don't save him. Duke Huan's fruit did not survive, and he died.
"
Yan Zi's Spring and Autumn Annals says:
"Asked Gong Jing.
Yan Zi said: Who is the dangerous leader at present? Yan Zi said to him: Juqi will die first! What is the reason? Right: Land invasion
Chyi Yu.
"Guanzhong and this is a man of his word in qi.
In this political situation, the monarch of Chu was buried in the power of Qi, which was 0/00 miles away from the capital/kloc.
Inside, it's unthinkable.
Third, is the top of Jiwanggu a cemetery or a capital city?
If Jiding Wang Chunqiu's tomb is the tomb of the monarch of the country of Ju,
At the top of the Valley of King Ji is a cemetery.
A cemetery is a cemetery,
It is the residence of the deceased;
The cemetery will not be a city wall,
The city wall is the residence of the living.
but
qilu evening news
Load:
"province
Museum researcher,
Wang Entian, an ancient philologist, put forward an amazing point:
Ji Wang Gooding is the largest in China.
An early castle-like country.
"Gu top castle? Is it a country? For the time being, according to the existing
The judgment of architectural relics,
This is indeed a miniature fortress with defensive function.
There seems to be a temple or a temple here.
All the people who live here are HOS houses, and many people work and live here. A large number of chariots and horses, bronzes, musical instruments and jade articles have been unearthed.
And various household appliances,
Ji Wang Gu Ding is a group,
It is also the life of an aristocratic group.
grow
A place of production and defense,
Burying is only the last auxiliary function,
Anyway,
It is by no means a simple cemetery.
Or a cemetery.
There is a special aristocratic group living at the top of the Valley of the King of Ji for some political reasons.
An aristocratic group here.
It has good conditions in the capital,
Under the condition of national integrity,
Juguo nobles have no reason
Living on this remote, desolate and very dangerous dome. Therefore, Ji Wang Gu Ding has nothing to do with living in Guo Jun.
(2)
Who is the owner of the ancient Spring and Autumn Tomb of Yishui Wang? Personally, I think it's a nobleman in Kyrgyzstan.
According to the information currently available, it can be judged that there is a group living on the top of Jiwanggu, and it is a.
An aristocratic group.
According to the special topography and landform here and the special transformation layout of the entrance and exit of the mountain top,
You can also judge,
This aristocratic group,
Is a refugee,
Escape from the group,
This is a group that has to settle and live here.
three
What nationality does this noble group belong to? The answer is Ji Guozu. Why?
At this time, there may be two ethnic groups around the Valley of King Ji, one is Tan Guo and the other is Ji Guo.
"Zuo Zhuan" Zhuanggong ten years (BC
684
Year)
"Jing" contains:
"Winter in October, qi shi tan. earthen jar
Benju "
The Biography contains:
"Winter, qi shi tan, tan rude. Tan Zi ran to Jun 'an and formed an alliance.
"These records.
It shows that after Tan Guo was destroyed by Qi State, Tan Zi (Tan) defected to Ju, and because Tan and Ju were allies, they became kings.
I will definitely leave Tan Ziju in Beijing and won't let him go to the mountains and forests.
The situation in Ji Guo is different from that in Tan Guo. The contradiction between Qi and Ji is very deep, and Ji is far from Linzi, the capital of Qi.
After ten miles, the threat and obstacle of the State of Qi was too great, so the conquest of the State of Qi was not just the occupation of territory.
Collar, but also the whole Ji Guo subjects deported.
"Spring and Autumn Classics" contains: Zhuang Gongnian (before
693
Year)
"Qi division moved, mountain, money.
"
"Justice" yue:
"Qi people moved to tri-cities ┅ ┅ An old friend knew that Qi wanted to undermine military discipline, so he acted as a disciple.
The people of these three cities occupied their land.
"It's called' moving'
, is "expulsion"
. Drive away the people in the "three cities" and put them
Take the land of "three cities" as your own.
"Ji Sanyi" is located in Linqu, Weinan and Jidong.
Qian Ji is in Buanqiu, Jiyi is in Changyi, and the northeast of Kyrgyzstan.
Tens of thousands of people in the "three cities" have since fallen.
Become a refugee.
Chunqiu Jing
: Zhuang Gong for three years (before)
69 1
Autumn,
Gigi enters the pen.
, Du Pre-note:
"season, Ji
Hou Di.
Technetium,
Ji yi,
In Dong 'an County of Qi State.
Qi wants to break the discipline,
Therefore, the season depends on the city entering Qi,
Sacrifice first, don't waste,
Blessed is the country.
"This is on the eve of the Qi army's massive siege and complete destruction of Qi, trying to" sacrifice the country first and not waste the country. "
There is wind. "
An important act of justice.
Although his brother and Yi became princes of Qi,
But he is interested in the ancestral society.
Ji, I finally have a confession.
The second action taken by Hou Ji is to "go to other countries"
"Spring and Autumn Classics" contains: Zhuang Gong four years (before
690
Year)
"March, the old soldiers", summer,
"Hou Ji as big as the country.
"Du beforehand note:
"With the country and seasons, seasons serve the country,
So stop it. If you can't see the impulse, don't say anything. If you leave, don't quit.
Scholars who "go to other countries"
There are different explanations, some are "Don't let anyone fall behind" and some are "Never look back"
. But it doesn't matter
This explanation,
"Hou Ji returned to his country" is an extremely tragic feat. Since then, hundreds of thousands of Ji people have followed suit.
Together with Hou Ji, he bid farewell to his homeland and moved away from his hometown, and embarked on a difficult and uncertain road of escape and migration.
Road.
Where did the subjects of Qi go? This is a complicated problem. However, according to the later Ji surname (Ji surname, taking the country as the surname)
People are mainly distributed in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and Taiwan Province provinces (Feng:
Explore Shouguang ancient city
335
Page, Qilu Bookstore
20 1 1
Judging from the 2008 edition, the main force of the Ji people was going down the Mihe River at that time, from
Today, according to the coastal areas, I have been to Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong. Especially in Chaoshan and Shantou areas, people surnamed Ji are quite special.
Focus.
In this great migration and escape of the people of Qi, Qi Huangong led some of his subjects to settle in the King Gu of Qi.
Why did Hou Ji settle here? Hou Ji is a wise and upright man. He is polite and tactful.
Under the background of Qi attacking the city and plundering the land, the monarch dominated the princes, and his power ambition expanded rapidly. Although Ji had brothers,
My brother's country is Lai Heju and my marriage country is Lu, but neither can take refuge. Because no matter who you take refuge in, you will put
The war in Qi led to the past, bringing trouble to the other side.
Second,
Hou Ji cannot go too far,
Because he has concerns.
Gigi also has his own brother and
The heaven, the earth, the country, the ancestors,
His wife Becky just died,
No matter how it was buried,
Yes, he is.
This is a lingering worry.
Third, the Valley of King Ji is far away from developed cities and plains. It was a deep mountain and a wilderness, which belonged to nothing at that time.
Human area. The traffic is blocked and isolated, which is a relatively safe zone for fugitives.
Fourthly, it can be clearly seen from the Google satellite map that Kyrgyzstan is close to the Mi River and travels along the Mi River south.
(ancient times
People usually swim up and down the river)
, into Linqu, after smelting source, south to Hou Yu, to the source of the Mihe River.
Head. Further south is Yishan. Over a mountain, instead of taking the river, turn right into the deep mountain, which is Jiwang Valley. Ji
four
The clan is familiar with the north-south passage of Ji Guo-Linqu-Yishui.
Chunqiu Jing
Load:
Eight years in seclusion
"Nine.
The month is Xin Mao, and the public and residents are United in Fulai.
"Du beforehand note:
"Jiyi, there is Pixiang in the north of Dongguan County, and Pixiang has official business in the west.
Shan,no. Pi Laijian.
"Ye Gui ribbon:
"Yishui county, alms floating city (a pack, Pi).
"
(Ye Gui
Ribbon:
A continuation of Shandong archaeology
573
Page, Shandong Literature and Art Publishing House
1997
There is discipline in the southwest of Yishui County today.
Yi, that is, the vassal of Ji State. Ji Chan is another vassal of Ji State, and Ji Chan takes care of today's An Dongwei. From discipline to floating
Come on, from Hebei to Rizhao, this is a route that people in Hebei are very familiar with.
Fifth, according to the latest excavation report, a large number of bronzes, musical instruments and jade articles were unearthed in the tomb:
"
Nanbian lane
Subsequently, bronze tripod, bronze cup, bronze bean and bronze jar were unearthed.
seven
Piece, copper shield
three
Pieces. ""Bronzes unearthed in the North Box.
2
A set of clocks.
10
A set of clocks.
four
A set of buttons and clocks.
nine
Piece, a set of stone pots
10
Piece, ship
four
Pieces,
Zhu, Jia, pot, plate, moo, color grid
1
Pieces. There are also bronze swords, cymbals, pounds, arrows, chisels and so on. "
There are jade walls and jade cong who worship heaven and earth. (Shandong Business Daily)
20 12
year
four
moon
17
Japan was in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties.
Big country, I used a lot of documents and inscriptions to prove it in "Exploring Shouguang Ancient Country" cooked by wangyi.
After Qi Ai Gong,
Throughout the Western Zhou Dynasty and the early Spring and Autumn Period,
Ji's relationship with the royal family is closer than Qi's.
The politics of the country
Shadow and political strength are stronger than Qi.
Qi's power and hegemony,
That's Qi Huangong and Guan Zhong carrying out reform together.
It started with. Qi has a lot of treasures, and it tries its best to keep them as its own. The Bamboo Chronology contains:
"Qi Guozuo came to present Jade Qing, which was a gift from Kikuji Palace."
Zuo Zhuan became a public for two years,
Qi Huangong flattered guests and bribed Qi Baishi.
Based on discipline, jade and land. Du Pre-note: "You and Qing Yu both got it from eliminating discipline." . "
Who is the nobleman of Ji country buried in this tomb?
In this refugee group living in Jiwanggu, only three people can get the high-standard treatment of on-site burial.
There are two kinds of people, one is, the other is two wives and the third is a doctor. from now on
Dig up the information you get. Listen,
This doesn't seem to be Hou Ji.
Not Hou Ji,
So is it the lady's tomb or the doctor's tomb?
?
Judging from some unearthed decorations,
The owner of the grave seems to be a lady.
If this is a lady's grave,
In this case,
grave
Master is not here.
Yes or uncle Ji.
Mrs. Ji, female, from Lu. Uncle Ji, your sister, your concubine. Madam, and uncle Ji,
In the history of the Spring and Autumn Period, she was a famous virtuous daughter.
In the Spring and Autumn Period,
The wife of seven princes,
But in Spring and Autumn Annals.
Only three people carried his pawn and buried him, that is, Ji, Ji and Song * * * Ji. Therefore, Lv Zuqian said, "inside.
Women don't bury themselves in reading,
And Shuzuka-San,
Song dynasty * * * Ji,
Ji he,
Both are very, very.
"
The reason why I wrote these three people,
Is to praise its sages.
About Becky:
In the winter of Zhuang in A.D., "Qi moved to three places"
In the autumn of Zhuang Gong's third year, "Ji Ji slapped into Qi."
In March of the fourth year of Zhuang Gong,
"Kibaki is dead"
Ji Guo and Hou Ji, in four years, three major events happened: Qi Shi moved to the "three cities"
, can be said to be the battle of qi.
It has already begun, and Qi has won a decisive victory.
After the reunification of the "three cities", the country of Ji has lost half of it.
It's a foregone conclusion that rivers and mountains are reconciled. Hou Ji's asking for help from Duke Lu and Zhou Wang was of no help and was completely eliminated.
Death is a foregone conclusion. Therefore, in order to save the motherland, Hou Ji gave Ji's surname to Qi, that is, "Ji's surname"
This season is full of enthusiasm. "
"Ji ancestral temple, states are moved to yan, worship.
"
(
Examples of Zuo Zhuan Yi Shi
)
When he panicked all day, Ji's wife died. Ji Bo's death was the direct result of Hou Ji's return to China.
Motive.
Mrs. Ji, how to bury her? At that time, there were two choices, one was to be buried in Ji Guo, and the other was to be buried in.
Ji Ji was once under the jurisdiction of Qi State. Buried in Ji Guo, that is, buried by Hou Ji himself, everything will be done step by step.
This is logical. However, at the critical moment when the Qi army was under siege, Ji Bo was buried in Ji Guo, and after Ji died, he would
Be "sealed"
The national disaster that destroyed its temple. Hou Ji must be a surrenderer if he is buried in Ji Ji.
Entering Qi is tantamount to kneeling down to Qi Huangong. In order to safeguard the dignity of Qi and Qi Huangong, such a move is absolutely impossible.
five
In this case, Hou Ji has taken decisive measures,
"Go to other countries"
Chunqiu Jing
Four years of spring,
"In March, Kibaki passed away."
"In summer, Hou Ji went to his country."
"in June
Ugly, Qi Hou buried Ji.
"That is to say, after Hou Ji led Qi Guochen to Qi State, Qi State immediately perished.
Bury Kibaki.
Ji must be buried in Ji's waiting place.
Hou Ji failed to bury his wife himself.
Ji is his lifelong regret. If the tomb finally fails to find the bones and comes to the conclusion that the tomb is a cenotaph.
This tomb may be a monument to Ji Bo.
If the female body is finally found in the tomb, then the owner of the tomb may be Ji.
About Ji:
After Hou Ji returned to China, Hou Ji completely disappeared from literary works. But for Uncle Ji,
It's also in Zuozhuan.
The following records:
Chunqiu Jing
In the spring of the twelfth year of Zhuang Gong,
Ji Ji Shu returns to Yan
. Du Pre-note:
"Hou Ji to die, uncle.
Ji Guilu. Ji Ji was decided by Qi, and then returned to it. It is about chastity and justice, so it is a discipline.
"According to the classic.
Master Du Yuzhi said that in the twelfth year of Zhuang Gong, that is, the eighth year after Hou Ji returned to China, Hou Ji died. also
This shows that Hou Ji lived in the Valley of the Queen of Ji for eight years.
In these eight years,
The whereabouts of Hou Ji and Ji Shu,
History one
Blank. But it is very likely that in these eight years, Ji was with him, or spent a long time with him.
Accompanied by Hou Ji. After her death, Ji returned to Lu and her family, and "Ji returned to Yan"
, for example
Du Yu said, "Then return to it and save all the righteousness to stop the female way."
"
Chunqiu Jing
In the twenty-ninth year of Zhuanggong, there was February in winter and Ji died.
"
Zhuang twenty-nine years, that is, the seventeenth year after death. In these seventeen years, Uncle Ji's life
Life and whereabouts,
History has no load.
But she has four possible places to go or four possible places to live,
One is her mother's family
Lu, Ji Ji, and the last city left by Qi,
Ji Zhi, located in the Eastern Wei Dynasty in present-day Zhao An.
Where did Uncle Ji die? According to historical data, he died in Ji Chen.
Chunqiu Jing
In the thirty years of Zhuang Gong,
"Autumn in July, people fall. In August, Guihai was buried.
"
In the twenty-ninth winter and December of Zhuang Gong,
Ji died;
Thirty years of autumn,
The Last Attachment of Qi People to Qi State
In August, it was autumn, that is, it was buried immediately after Ji occupied it. So it can be broken.
Yes, Ji Ji Shu lived in Jichan in his later years, and finally died and was buried in Jichan. When Ji Ji Shu was buried, she had already
This is the 26th year since Hou Ji returned to China.
This is also the eighteenth year after Hou Ji's death.
while
A few years later in Hou Ji,
Most of them are dead,
Therefore, it is possible to relocate Ji Ji Shu to the Valley of Ji Wanggu again.
Very small.
However, it cannot be completely ruled out that the descendants of Ji moved and buried Ji in the Valley of King Ji.
Ruo ruo Ji Wang gu
What is certain is that there is a tomb on the top of the mountain.
It can be said that Hou Ji's tomb is also here.
There are many "oddities" about the burial system of the Spring and Autumn Tomb in Jiwanggu.
That's against tradition. Considering that Hou Ji has died.
King Hou Ji is a benevolent king, and the people and things (chariots, horses and other utensils) who fled with him are ancient.
, right?
To him, they are all active "ministers"
, are life-saving "benefactors"
. He didn't bury these things like a king.
Burial objects like this,
But bury it with gratitude and awe,
Therefore, it is bound to be inconsistent with traditional regulations.