Moliere (1622 ~ 1673) is a French comedian, actor and drama activist. Founder of French ballet comedy. His real name is JeanBaptistePoquelin and Moliere is his stage name. Moliere is the most important writer of French classical literature in the17th century and the founder of classical comedy. He occupies a very important position in the history of European drama. He used to enjoy aristocratic education, but soon announced that he would give up hereditary power and engage in drama. He founded the "Guangyao Opera Troupe", which was badly run and was accused of being in prison for being in debt. Later, regardless of the social atmosphere that despised acting at that time and the opposition of his family, he resolutely ran away from home and wandered for more than ten years. He created and performed a series of influential comedies because he accumulated rich life materials. Finally, Moliere returned to Paris as the leader of the troupe, and he has been performing in Paris ever since.
Moliere lived in the Renaissance when the bourgeoisie flourished and feudal rule declined. He sympathized with the working people, exposed the fatuous and decadent aristocrats, deceitful monks, disease-free landlords, self-proclaimed learned "gifted scholars", the bourgeoisie who started from exploitation and tried to be "elegant", greedy and stingy money lenders ... He described the ugly image of the exploiting class from all aspects. But he hasn't noticed the formed workforce, so the positive characters in his works are often the servants, tenants and craftsmen of the mocked. These people always use ingenious means to show each other on the spot, so that the exploiters are criticized in the shouts of the audience.
1659, Moliere wrote a "Wit of Crying", satirizing the bourgeois' arty side of Moliere and attacking the decay and boredom of the so-called "elegant" life in aristocratic society, thus angering the aristocratic forces and being banned. But Moliere was not intimidated, and edited Husband's School and Wife's School one after another. My wife's school was accused of "obscenity" and "defamation of religion" because it advocated new ideas and demanded to break through the feudal ideological cage, and was also banned. Moliere fought back and wrote two controversial short plays, Criticizing the School Lady and Improvising Versailles. 1664, Moliere wrote a masterpiece "hypocrite", 1668, and he created another masterpiece "Miser".
Moliere was a master of comedy, but his death was a tragedy. In order to maintain the expenses of the troupe, he had to take part in the performance in spite of illness. 1673, after the last performance of "Looking for a doctor without illness", Moliere fell to the ground with hemoptysis and died that night at the age of 5 1. His funeral was abandoned because of the obstruction of the church.
Moliere left nearly 30 comedies to later generations, and China translated and published more than 20 works. Moliere is not only an outstanding playwright and director, but also an accomplished actor. He promoted the progress of drama all his life and exposed the darkness of society in a funny way. He is an outstanding representative of French classical literature and European Renaissance.
Moliere-His real name is Jean-batiste Boquelin. 1643 formed a "prestige troupe" with friends. From 65438 to 0644, his stage name was Moliere. 1645, the troupe closed down, was sued by creditors, and was once imprisoned. After he was released from prison, he joined an old artist's troupe and toured other provinces in France 13. From 1650, he became the head of the troupe and began to write. His early plays include Brave Man and Complaints of Love. 1658, the troupe returned to Paris and performed the comedy "The Affectionate Doctor" for King Louis XIV in the Louvre (lost).
1658 ~ 1664 is the first period of Moliere's drama creation after his return to Beijing. 1659 premiered the one-act drama "The Absurdity of Talented Women", which satirized the aristocratic affectation of17th century and established his position as a realistic comedian. Then, he performed social comedies "Fugupai" and "Pogupai", opposing feudal patriarchal ideology and praising the freedom of love. The second half of this epic comedy was a great success, which made him argue with conservative literati for more than two years. Moliere wrote the short plays Criticism of Madame School and Improvisation of Versailles, which refuted the slander of opponents. This "battle of comedy" opened a new era of comedy and musicals on the French stage. 1664 ~1666/1669 is the most important stage in Moliere's life creation. /kloc-0 "Forced Marriage" performed in June, 664 mocked the absurdity of idealistic scholasticism and agnosticism. In May of the same year, he performed "Darduff" (the first performance of three acts) at the grand festival party in Versailles. This comedy boldly satirized the Catholic Church, one of the foundations of feudal society, and was banned by the king. After five years of unremitting struggle, Moliere took the opportunity of the Pope's decree of "church peace" to make the play premiere in 1669 in the form of five acts of poetic comedy. In this political comedy with profound thoughts and mature art, Moliere created a typical image liar Darduff with outstanding personality and great promotion significance. Later, this name became synonymous with "hypocrite". During this period, Moliere also wrote two plays that exposed the feudal ruling class, Don Juan (or Stone) and Cynicism.
1666 ~ 1673 is the last stage of Moliere's creative career. Moliere's Introduction discusses the form of comedy from many aspects, making fun of the upper bourgeoisie and criticizing their ridiculous attempt to aristocratic themselves. The main plays are Doctor, George Jordan, Miser, Paul Jacques, Charm of the Noble, Scappa's Trick, etc. Miser is one of Moliere's most profound character comedies. In the play, the desire to get rich and stingy strongly support Abagong, an old usurer. He would rather give up the girl he wants to marry than get back the stolen gold coins. In French, his name has become synonymous with "miser". 1673, Moliere died while starring in his last masterpiece, Die of Illness.
Moliere-Memorabilia 1622 65438+ 10 15 was born in a family of palace interior decorators in Paris, and his identity was "royal attendants".
1643, he gave up his hereditary rights and formed a "prestigious troupe" with his brothers and sisters in Behar to perform in Paris.
1644 took the stage name Moliere.
1645- 1658 led the troupe to tour all over France.
From 1659, the troupe began to perform in Paris for a long time because of King Louis XIV's appreciation of the repertoire, and the following period was also his creative period. However, due to long-term fatigue, Moliere changed into a serious lung disease, and in 1662 he married a wife who was 20 years younger than him. 1673 February 17 He insisted on performing his own play "No Disease * * *", although he was very unwell. His various weak performances on the stage were regarded by the audience as real performances that were very in line with the content of the play and won warm applause. A few hours after the performance, Moliere died. After his death, he offended many dignitaries, especially the church, because of his creation and personal behavior before his death. The church refused to give him a cemetery. Because Louis XIV came forward, he was reluctantly allowed to be buried behind the vegetable garden in the cemetery, and the funeral was very deserted. The death of the comedian can be described as a tragedy. Moliere's main works
Funny cleverness, (1659)
Hypocrite, (1664)
Don Juan, (1665)
Cynicism, (1666)
Miser (1668) is a profound character comedy.
Mr. Purshaw, (1669)
The mystery of the nobility, (1670)
Seek a doctor without illness, (1673)
Evaluation of Moliere's works
Moliere's comedies are diversified in variety and style. His comedies contain elements of burlesque, showing a serious attitude in humor and roughness. He advocates that works should be natural and reasonable, and emphasizes social effects for evaluation. His works created a precedent for classical comedies and greatly influenced the development of comedies and even the whole drama world. In France, he represents the "French spirit". His works have been translated into almost all important languages and often performed on the stage all over the world.
Moliere-The Influence of Achievement
Moliere * * * left 33 plays (of which 1 was co-written with Gao Naiyi and P. Gino). His comedy types and styles are diversified, which has gone beyond the category of classicism. He emphasized that comedy should reflect reality, entertain and educate, and advocated that works should be natural and reasonable. Moliere's comedy has become a typical work, which has influenced the development of comedy in many countries. In France, people think that Moliere represents the "French spirit", and his plays are often performed. China published the translations of Li Jianwu and Zhao Shaohou, and staged many plays such as Wife's School, Darduff (translated as hypocrite) and Miser (translated as miser).
Moliere's personality evaluation
He is a loner, his comedies are close to tragedy, and his plays are so clever that no one dares to imitate him.
-Goethe
His honor lacks everything, but our honor lacks him.
-French Theatre
Moliere's related film Moliere's Love History
Starring: Roman Darius fabrice Ruckney Laura Maurette.
Type: comedy
abstract
Moliere is a famous French playwright, who mainly creates comedies and is the founder of classical comedies in the middle of17th century. Young Moliere cooperated with his friends to run a theater and started his favorite drama career. 1644, the theater closed down and was heavily in debt. Young Moliere couldn't repay such a huge debt, and his family didn't support him because he didn't like the drama industry from the beginning. In this way, he went to prison. A year later, at the age of 22, he was released from prison, but no one knew where he had gone. 13 years later 1968, 35-year-old Moliere returned to Paris, during which he performed in many places, wrote many plays, and achieved success in his beloved career. It is hard for the world to imagine the life of this great French playwright in these thirteen years. Some historians say that during these thirteen years, someone found him. The main story of the film focuses on the relationship between Moliere and Mr. Jordan during these thirteen years. Jordan is a very rich middle class, and he likes drama performances very much. When he was obsessed with the performance of characters in Moliere's plays, Moliere was deeply moved by Mr. Jordan's wife Emile. ...