First, the earliest humans in China
1. The earliest known human in China is Yuanmou, about 1.7 million years ago.
The fundamental difference between humans and animals lies in whether they can make tools.
Second, Beijingers.
Beijingers lived about 700,000-200,000 years ago, retaining the characteristics of apes, but with obvious division of labor between hands and feet, they can make and use tools and make stone tools.
Third, Neanderthals
Neanderthals lived about 30 thousand years ago.
Lesson 3 China's ancestors
First, the ancestors of China-Huangdi and Yan Di, and the ancestor of humanity-Huangdi (reason: four great inventions)
Second, Yao Shunyu's "abdication"
Third, 1. The establishment of Xia Dynasty marked the beginning of slavery. The slave society in China began in 2 1 century BC.
2. Around 2070 BC, Yu established the Xia Dynasty, which was the first dynasty in the history of China. The establishment of Xia Dynasty marked the establishment of China's early state.
Lesson 4 The Rise and Fall of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties
First, the rise and fall of the Xia Dynasty
1. After his death, he passed the throne to his son Qi, making the hereditary system replace the abdication system, and "family world" replace "public world".
2. About BC 1600, the Tang Dynasty was defeated, and the summer was destroyed. BC 1046, Shang and Zhou Dynasties fought at Konoha. When the Shang Dynasty perished, the King of Wu established the Zhou Dynasty, the capital of which was a pickaxe, also known as Haojing, which was called the Western Zhou Dynasty in history.
Second, the enfeoffment system of the Western Zhou Dynasty
1. Purpose: In order to consolidate the rule, the Western Zhou Dynasty implemented the system of enfeoffment.
2. Content: Zhou gave his land, civilians and slaves to relatives and heroes and made them princes. Governors must obey the orders of the Zhou Emperor, pay tribute to the emperor at ordinary times, defend the territory, and lead troops to fight against the emperor in wartime.
3. Role: Develop remote areas, strengthen the rule and make the Western Zhou Dynasty a powerful country.
Lesson 5 Brilliant Bronze Civilization
1. At the end of primitive society, bronzes appeared in China. Shang Dynasty was the glorious period of bronze culture in China. The famous bronzes are Simu Wuding and Siyang Fangzun.
2. During the same period of Shang and Zhou Dynasties, a unique bronze culture prevailed in Chengdu Plain in southwest China, which is the world-famous "Sanxingdui" culture. The bronze masks, large bronze statues and bronze sacred trees unearthed there have attracted the attention of Chinese and foreign people.
Lesson 6 Disputes during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period
First, the spring and autumn hegemony.
1. In 770 BC, Zhou Ping and Dong Wang moved to Luoyi, which was called "Eastern Zhou Dynasty" in history. The Eastern Zhou Dynasty is divided into two periods: the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
2. Qi Huangong appointed Guan Zhong as prime minister, actively reformed internal affairs and developed production; At the same time, the military system was reformed, and Qiang Bing was formed. With the order of "respecting the king and resisting foreigners", it gradually became the first overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period.
3. In the late 7th century BC, after the Chengdu-Pudong War between Chu Jin and China, Jin Wengong became the overlord of the Central Plains. One hundred years later, Chu Zhuangwang became the overlord of the Central Plains.
Second, the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period
1. The order of the Seven Heroes in the Warring States Period is Qi, Chu, Qin, Yan, Zhao, Wei and Han.
It happened in 260 BC, and the decisive battle between Qin and Zhao was the battle of Changping. The battle of Changping made the six eastern countries unable to resist Qin.
Lesson 7 the era of great change
First, the use of iron farm tools and Niu Geng.
1. The Spring and Autumn Period was the period of the disintegration of the slavery system in China, and the Warring States Period was the period of the formation of the feudal system in China.
2. A revolution in the history of agricultural development in China refers to Niu Geng. Niu Geng: It was used at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period at the latest, and was popularized during the Warring States Period. Iron farm tools: appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period and became popular in the Warring States Period.
Second, the famous Dujiangyan.
During the Warring States Period, Dujiangyan built by Li Bing for Qin was a world-famous flood control and irrigation project. Chengdu Plain has become a "land of abundance".
Third, Shang Yang's political reform.
1. Time and place: 356 BC, Qin State.
2. Contents: ① The state recognizes the private ownership of land and allows free trading. (2) those who reward ploughing and produce more grain and cloth can be exempted from corvee; According to the size of military service, the title of Tian Zhai was granted, and the privileges of the old nobles who refused to serve in military service were abolished. (3) establish a county system, and the monarch directly sends officials to govern.
3. Role: After Shang Yang's political reform, Qin developed its economy, and its soldiers' combat effectiveness was constantly enhanced, making it the most prosperous feudal country at the end of the Warring States Period.
Lesson 8 Cultural Prosperity in China (1)
1. China has a written history, which began in Shang Dynasty.
2. The words carved by merchants on tortoise shells or animal bones are called "Oracle Bone Inscriptions".
Lesson 9 The Prosperity of China Culture (2)
1. Confucius was born in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and his remarks are recorded in The Analects. He put forward the theory of "benevolence", advocated "loving others" and "ruling the country by virtue", and put forward in education: teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, reviewing the past and learning new things, and an honest learning attitude. The Analects of Confucius was compiled by Confucius' disciples.
2. Laozi was born in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and his theory was recorded in Tao Te Ching. He believes that everything has opposites, and opposites can be transformed into each other. Tao Te Ching was compiled by Taoism during the Warring States Period.
Mozi, a Warring States man, advocated "universal love" and "non-attack", opposed bullying the small with the big and bullying the weak with the strong, and supported the just war.
Mencius in the Warring States believed that there was no righteous war in the Spring and Autumn Period and opposed all wars. Advocate "benevolent governance" to govern the country, pay no attention to taxation and pay attention to environmental protection. Han Fei was born at the end of the Warring States Period. He advocated reform, opposed empty talk about benevolence and righteousness, and advocated the rule of law.
6. Sun Wusheng was born in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and he is the author of The Art of War. His military thought is: "Know yourself and know yourself, and you will be invincible."
Lesson 10 "The King of Qin Sweeps Liuhe"
First of all, Qin unified the six countries and established centralized rule.
1. time to destroy the six kingdoms: from 230 BC to 22 BC1year, Ying Zheng, king of Qin, destroyed the six kingdoms successively.
2. Establishment of the Qin Dynasty: The first unified and centralized feudal country in the history of China, the Qin Dynasty, was established in 22 1 year, with Xianyang as its capital.
3. The establishment of centralized rule
(1) Purpose: To strengthen the rule and establish feudal autocracy and centralization.
(2) The supreme ruler is the emperor, and the central government has Prime Minister Qiu and imperial advisers in charge of administration, military affairs and supervision.
(3) The local government implements the county system. (The county system originated from Shang Yang's political reform and has been in use ever since. )
Second, the measures to consolidate and unify the Qin Dynasty
1. Politically, the first unified and centralized feudal country in the history of China was established.
2. Economically: unified currency (unified use of round square hole copper coins) and weights and measures.
3. Culturally: unified writing (with Xiao Zhuan as the national standard writing)
4. Ideologically: burning books and burying Confucianism.
5. Militarily: counterattack Xiongnu and build the Great Wall in the north (from Lintao in the west to Liaodong in the east). Dig canals in the south and develop southern Xinjiang.
6. After the reunification of Qin, the county system was implemented locally.
Lesson 12 Unified Han Dynasty
1. Specific measures for the unification of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty:
(1) Politically, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty accepted Zhu's suggestion and promulgated a "favor decree", which allowed kings to distribute fiefs to their children, established smaller vassal states, and weakened the power of vassal states;
(2) Ideologically, he accepted Dong Zhongshu's suggestion of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" and regarded Confucianism as the orthodox thought of feudal society, thus establishing the dominant position of Confucianism in ancient China.
(3) Militarily, many large-scale counterattacks were launched against Xiongnu, which basically relieved the threat of Xiongnu to the northern border counties.
(4) Economically, the right to coin and the right to operate salt and iron will be centralized, and five baht will be cast in a unified way.
Lesson 15 Hantong Western Regions and the Silk Road
First, Zhang Qian is connected with the Western Regions.
1. Location of the Western Regions: During the Western Han Dynasty, people put today's Yumenguan and Yangguan in Gansu, which is today's Xinjiang region and beyond.
2. Zhang Qian made two missions to the Western Regions:
In BC 138, Zhang Qian made his first mission to the Western Regions. (Purpose: Contact the Yue family to attack the Huns)
(2) In 1 19 BC, Zhang Qian made his second mission to the western regions. (Objective: To strengthen "friendly exchanges" with countries in the western region)
3. Establishment of Duhu in the Western Regions: In 60 BC, Duhu in the Western Han Dynasty was established to take charge of the affairs of the Western Regions. Since then, Xinjiang has been under the jurisdiction of the central government and has become an inseparable part of China.
4. Silk Road: Starting from Chang 'an, passing through Hexi Corridor, which is now Xinjiang, to West Asia, and then to Europe, this land artery connecting Chinese and Western traffic is the famous Silk Road in history. Function: The opening of the Silk Road effectively promoted the economic and cultural exchanges between the East and the West and played a positive role in promoting the prosperity of the Han Dynasty.
Lesson 16 Prosperous Qin and Han Cultures (1)
1. At present, the earliest paper known in the world appeared in the early Western Han Dynasty.
2. An important historical figure who improved papermaking in the Eastern Han Dynasty was Cai Lun. Significance: Most papermaking technologies in the world are directly or indirectly transmitted from China. The invention of papermaking is a great contribution of our people to world culture.
3. The seismograph made by Zhang Heng in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Function: Determine the earthquake direction. It is considered as the earliest seismic instrument in the world.
4. "Ma Fei San" initiated by Hua Tuo in the Eastern Han Dynasty is a pioneering work in the history of world medicine. The main work "Wuqinxi".
Zhang Zhongjing wrote Treatise on Febrile Diseases at the end of Eastern Han Dynasty. This book expounds the theory and treatment principles of traditional Chinese medicine. His medical ethics are noble and his medical skills are brilliant, and later generations respect him as a "medical sage".
Lesson 17 Prosperous Qin and Han Cultures (2)
1. Buddhism originated in ancient India, and was introduced to the Central Plains of China at the end of the Western Han Dynasty (BC 1 year) (Buddhism was gradually introduced to China along the Silk Road after Zhang Qian's voyage to the West). It was widely spread in China during the Eastern Han Dynasty.
2. Taoism is the indigenous religion in China. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Taoism rose among the people.
Sima Qian was a great historian in ancient China. He lived in the era of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty. He is the author of Historical Records, which describes the historical events from Huangdi to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and is the first biographical general history in China.
4. The level of sculpture art in Qin and Han Dynasties was very high, and its outstanding representative was the Terracotta Warriors and Horses in the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang, which caused a sensation in the world.
Lesson 18 Three Kingdoms' Dingli
1. Battle of Red Cliffs: Battle of Red Cliffs was a famous battle in Chinese history. Lay the foundation for the formation of the three kingdoms. 2. Formation of the Three Kingdoms: In 220, Cao Pi abolished the Han Dynasty and proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of Wei and its capital in Luoyang, ending in the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty. 22 1 year, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu, with the title of Han, which was called Shu in history. In 222, Sun Quan became king, with the title of Wu, and later established Jianye as its capital.
3. Economy of the Three Kingdoms: Wei attaches great importance to the construction of water conservancy projects, agriculture is developed, silk weaving in Shu is prosperous, and shipbuilding in Wu is developed. In 230, Sun Quan sent general Wei Wen and others to lead more than 10,000 troops across the Taiwan Province Strait to Yizhou (Taiwan Province Province).
Lesson 19 Development of Jiangnan Area
1. Establishment of the Western Jin Dynasty: In 266, Sima Yan, the grandson of Sima Yi, established the Jin Dynasty, with Luoyang as its capital, which was called the "Western Jin Dynasty" in history. In 280, the Western Jin Dynasty wiped out Wu.
2. "Wuhu" moved inward: Since the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, northern minorities such as Xiongnu, Xianbei, Jiejie, Di and Qiang have moved inward one after another.
3. The demise of the Western Jin Dynasty: In 3 16, an inward-moving Xiongnu armed force wiped out the Western Jin Dynasty.
4. Establishment of the Eastern Jin Dynasty: In the second year of the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty (3 17), Si Marui rebuilt the Jin Dynasty, known as the "Eastern Jin Dynasty" in history, and established its capital as Jiankang.
In the late 5th century, the Miao people established the pre-Qin regime, and Fu Jian, the former king of Qin, took Wang Meng, a Han Chinese, as prime minister, unified the Yellow River basin.
6. The change of the Southern Dynasties: In 420, the general established himself as emperor, with the title of "Song", ending the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Since then, the South has experienced four dynasties, namely Song, Qi, Liang and Chen, collectively known as the "Southern Dynasties".
7. Development of Jiangnan area
(1) development time: from the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
(2) Development reasons:
Jiangnan has abundant rainfall, hot climate and fertile land, which has superior conditions for developing agriculture. (Natural conditions)
There are few wars in Jiangnan, and many people fled to Jiangnan to escape the war in the north. (social reasons)
③ The southward migration of northerners brought labor and advanced production technology to the south of the Yangtze River. (root cause)
(3) Performance: Construction of numerous water conservancy projects; A large area of barren land has been reclaimed as fertile land; Green manure began to be used in rice fields, and Niu Geng and manure also began to be popularized; The cultivation of wheat expanded to the south of the Yangtze River.
(4) Significance: It laid the foundation for the economic center of gravity to move south.
Lesson 20 Great Integration of Northern Nationalities
I. Northern reunification and national integration
In the late 4th century, a branch of Xianbei nationality in northeast China became powerful, established the Northern Wei Dynasty, and unified the Yellow River valley in 439. At that time, people of all ethnic groups lived together for a long time, production and life influenced each other, and national integration has become a trend.
Second, the reform of Emperor Xiaowen in the Northern Wei Dynasty
1. Move the capital: Pingcheng (now Datong, Shanxi), the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The climate is dry and the food supply is insufficient; Being located in the north is not conducive to the rule of the Central Plains, nor is it conducive to learning and accepting the advanced culture of the Han nationality. Emperor Xiaowen decided to move the capital to Luoyang.
2. The reform measures of Emperor Xiaowen include:
(1) Use Chinese in court, and Xianbei language is prohibited; ② Officials and their families must wear Hanfu; (3) change the surname of Xianbei nationality to Han nationality, and change the surname of royal family from Tuoba to Yuan; ④ Encourage Xianbei nobles to intermarry with Han nobles; ⑤ Adopt the official system and laws of Han nationality; ⑥ Learn the etiquette of the Han nationality, respect Confucius, govern the country with filial piety, and advocate the atmosphere of respecting the elderly.
3. The role of the reform: it promoted ethnic integration and accelerated the feudalization process of the northern ethnic groups.
Lesson 2 1 Culture of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties (1)
1. Zu Chongzhi in the Southern Dynasties was a famous mathematician and astronomer in ancient China. He used and developed the "secant circle method" created by predecessors, and determined the value of pi between 3. 14 15926 and 3. 14 15927 for the first time in the world. This achievement is nearly a thousand years ahead of the world.
2. Jia Sixie in the Northern Dynasties was a famous agronomist in the history of China. Qi Shu is China's first complete agricultural scientific work, which occupies an important position in the world agricultural history. The Book of Qi Yaomin summarizes the long-term accumulated production experience of the northern people and introduces the production techniques and methods of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline and fishery.
Lesson 22 Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties Culture (2)
1. Calligraphy Art:
(1) The time when calligraphy gradually became an art: the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
(2) Evolution: During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the font of calligraphy changed from seal script and official script to regular script, and cursive script and running script gradually became popular.
(3) Book Sage: Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, a master of calligraphy, whose words are fresh and beautiful, or "floating like a cloud, agile as a dragon", and his masterpiece Preface to Lanting is known as "the best calligraphy in the world". Wang Xizhi was called "the sage of books" by later generations.
2. Painting: The painting art developed greatly during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and Gu Kaizhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty was the most outstanding. Representative works include A History of Women, A Picture of Luoshen, etc.
3. Grottoes art: In order to publicize Buddhism, the rulers of the Northern Dynasties dug grottoes and carved Buddha statues. Yungang Grottoes near Pingcheng, Datong, Shanxi and Longmen Grottoes near Luoyang, Henan are two famous grottoes.
Important knowledge points of history in the first volume of the seventh grade II. The development stages and main characteristics of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty
In 770 BC, the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was established. The Eastern Zhou Dynasty is divided into two stages: the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The Spring and Autumn Period from 770 BC to 476 BC was the disintegration period of our slave society. The Warring States Period from 475 BC to 22 1 year BC was the formation period of feudal society in China.
Second, the Spring and Autumn Five Overlords
1, the essence of vassal hegemony
The teacher will first show you the names of the comparison tables about the changes in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty: land power, financial resources, material resources and population.
The relationship between the emperor and the princes The royal family of the Western Zhou Dynasty directly governed the land from Haojing to Luoyi for about 1000 miles.
The army directly under the jurisdiction of the royal family has more than 6.5438+0.4 million people.
It has a large population and rich resources.
The son of heaven has a political position. In the early years of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the land directly under the jurisdiction of the royal family was about 600 miles, and it became less and less in the future. Finally, there is only about a hundred miles of land.
After moving eastward, there are still 30 thousand people. Later, it gradually decreased to only a few thousand people.
The population directly under the central government is small, and the financial, material and military resources are reduced.
The son of heaven became a political puppet and had to rely on powerful people. "Rites and music were conquered by princes."
Through the analysis of this form, students can clearly understand the decline of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, which is helpful for students to understand the decline of the royal family and the changes in the status of emperors and princes in the early years of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. The teacher asked: What is the essence of vassal hegemony? Teachers should further point out that in the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhou lost the qualification of "the master of the world", but was politically and economically attached to a powerful vassal. It was against the background of the decline of the Zhou royal family that the lively scenes of the vassal hegemony appeared one after another. Although Zhou existed in name only, what Zhou enjoyed in the past was what some big vassal states yearned for. As a result, some larger vassal States fought for land, population and tribute, and in order to obtain the political and economic privileges enjoyed by Zhou in those days, they constantly carried out merger wars and strived to be vassals. This is the reason and essence of warlord hegemony.
2, the Spring and Autumn Five Overlords
Teachers should draw the conclusion that at the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period, some big vassal states were constantly waging annexation wars, and whoever defeated them would call a meeting of the vassal states, forcing everyone to recognize his status as an ally and become a "overlord". Qi Huangong, Song Xianggong, Jin Wengong, Qin Mugong and Chu Zhuangwang have risen one after another to compete for hegemony, which is called "the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period". (point out another way of saying "five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period". At the same time, let the students draw the corresponding position of the "five tyrants" (actually, it should be seven countries) to the situation of countries in the Spring and Autumn Period.
3. Qi Huangong is dominant.
Guide students to read textbooks and ask questions: Why can Qi Huangong have the first advantage?
Being in Shandong, I am as rich as an enemy and a big country in the East.
[2] Qi Huangong is good at employing people, taking Guan Zhong as the phase. Guan Zhong reformed internal affairs, developed production, reformed the military system, and made the country rich and the army strong.
(3) With its strength, Guan Zhong's strategy of "respecting the king and rejecting the foreign countries" developed the forces of Qi. In the early years of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the royal family declined, but the son of heaven still had appeal in the name of "the Lord of the world". As a result, some powerful princes actively developed their own power under the banner of the royal family. )
In 65 1 year BC, Kwai Chung joined forces, marking the peak of Qi Huangong's hegemony.
4. Chu Jin seeks hegemony.
The teacher first introduced: Jin dispatched about 20,000 troops and Chu dispatched about 40,000 troops, but the result was that Jin won and Chu lost. Therefore, the battle of Chengpu is an example of how our country can win more with less. ) "What are the similarities between Qi Huangong and Jin Wengong?" The key is to make students understand that the fundamental reason why Qihe became the hegemon is that the monarchs of both countries have carried out reforms to make their countries stronger. (Five Mountains for hegemony: it is suggested that teachers tell stories by themselves to guide students to learn)
5. The role of hegemonic war
The teacher asked: What impact will so many wars for hegemony bring to society and people? It is estimated that students may answer the destructive nature of war, but I am afraid the answer will not be in place for the positive impact of war. Teachers can ask some enlightening questions, such as: there were many vassal States at the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period, and only a few big countries remained in the hegemony war at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. What can this tell us? (accelerated the pace of reunification). Finally, the teacher made a concluding speech.
Third, the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period
First of all, the teacher showed the Wind and Cloud of the Warring States and introduced the Seven Heroes of the Warring States to the students. It is suggested that the teacher introduce seven countries to the students according to the direction, namely Qi, Chu, Qin, Yan, Zhao, Wei and Han, with east, west, north and south in the middle. Ask the teacher again: Please refer to the situation map of countries in the Spring and Autumn Period, and point out which countries of the Seven Chivalrous Men existed in the Spring and Autumn Period and which countries rose newly in the Warring States Period? On the basis of the students' correct answers, the teacher once again pointed out: In fact, Qi at this time was different from Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period except for the new features of Han, Zhao and Wei. The teacher explained the events such as "Three clans divided into Jin" and "Tian Daiqi".
The Battle of Guiling, the Battle of Maling and the Battle of Changping can be grasped according to specific conditions, but the role of the Battle of Changping must be emphasized, that is, the six eastern countries can no longer resist Qin Jun's attack.
The first volume of the seventh grade is an important knowledge point of history.
1. Location of discovery: Yuanmou County, Yunnan Province;
2. Life year: about 6.5438+0.7 million years ago;
3, living conditions: can make tools, know how to use fire;
4. Significance of discovery: Yuanmou man was the earliest confirmed ancient human in China.
Second, Beijingers.
1. Location of discovery: Gulong Mountain, Zhoukoudian, southwest Beijing;
2. Life years: about 700,000-200,000 years ago;
3. Physical characteristics: the upper limbs are similar to modern people, and they can walk upright, retaining some characteristics of apes.
Use forged stone tools and sticks; (production tools)
4. Production and living conditions of gathering and hunting;
Can use natural fire, can put out the fire;
5. Social organization: gregarious, primitive society.
6. Status: Beijingers are one of the most important primitive humans in the world; Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site is the richest and most complete Homo erectus site in the world.
Third, Neanderthals
1. Site: located at the top of Gulong Mountain in Zhoukoudian, Beijing, about 30,000 years ago;
2. Physical characteristics: it has the characteristics of modern human beings;
3, making tools: grinding mastered the drilling technology and grinding technology (bone needle);
4. Concept: There is already an aesthetic concept.
Skills and methods of answering historical questions
1, efficient problem-solving skills
"Look", see the score clearly, grasp the score points, and be aware of it.
"Second check", according to the meaning of the question, return to the textbook to find relevant knowledge points;
"Three Norms" and the standardization of answer language are the most easily overlooked issues.
2. Standardized answers
In the history test paper of senior high school entrance examination, non-multiple choice questions are divided according to specific knowledge points. If a history non-multiple choice question scores 5, then the knowledge points examined in this history paper are 5. Moreover, candidates in the senior high school entrance examination should pay attention to typesetting when answering questions, and too messy writing may also be the reason why candidates in the senior high school entrance examination lose points.
3. Relevant points of historical data retrieval and query.
Questions are closely related to materials, and questions raised by questions are related to materials. Answering questions is inseparable from materials. Therefore, it is very important to find the relevant points between materials and problems. First find out the keywords in the question setting part, then find the materials with keywords and find the corresponding keywords or sentences. Through the analysis of key words, combined with relevant knowledge and information, sit in the right place and answer questions. Generally speaking, the problem is solved.
4. Based on the materials, contact the teaching materials.
The perspective of the problems shown in the textbook is not necessarily the same as that of the textbook. For example, a textbook may mainly describe its positive side, while a textbook may show its limited side. To contact the teaching materials, the content reflected by the materials should be related to the relevant knowledge learned in the teaching materials, and the knowledge and viewpoints learned should be used for comments and analysis.
What does historical interpretation mean?
It refers to determining the meaning of law according to historical materials. Historical materials refer to materials directly related to legal texts, such as legislative preparation materials (documentary records and other materials related to the legislative process) and private materials (conversation record, memoirs, diaries, letters, etc.). ) explain legislation, even articles published by legislators at that time. Sometimes, we can clarify the meaning of law by comparing and contrasting new norms with similar old norms.
Its specific content is:
(1) The specific solutions to the legal problems discussed have been implemented in the past;
(2) The plan led to the consequence F;
③F does not conform to social moral standards;
④ The past is different from the present, and it cannot be completely ruled out that F will not appear at that time;
The solution may not be praised.
This method requires the interpreter to prove the historical facts and their differences with the actual situation, and to prove whether the proposition "F meets the social moral standards".
Historical materials related to legislation include: explanations of legislative proposals, explanations of deliberation of draft laws, records of discussion and adoption of draft laws and other relevant documents.