When we open a "guide" and "code" book, we will find a series of requirements for children's abilities and skills: obedient, obeying rules, doing arithmetic, and writing their own names ... If we ask why such requirements are made for children, we may say "because other children are like this" and "because children have to prepare for primary school" ...
It seems that we are used to training a "talent" as the sole purpose of education, so once children enter kindergarten, mastering the ability and learning skills becomes their life goal. But we seldom ask, if children are regarded as an independent individual, are these abilities and skills really what children need most?
This issue of Young Vision lets us walk into Germany and see what German educators think a 7-year-old child should experience.
Although this list was published in Germany more than 20 years ago, it can still bring many beneficial inspirations to education in China.
German education experts and colleagues have spent 33 years investigating and interviewing more than 150 people of different ages, social classes and educational backgrounds. Through a lot of research and comparison, a list of experiences that a 7-year-old child should have to know the world is obtained. This list of "7-year-old children's cognitive world" involves real life, social experience, emotional experience and aesthetic feeling. Of course, if you want to know in this list how many words a 7-year-old child should remember, how many poems he can recite, and how many digits he can add and subtract ... maybe you will be disappointed because they are not the focus of this list at all.
Feel the care of your family.
1. Have travel experience.
Feel your family and parents in a changing environment. Experience the contrast between comfort, convenience and makeshift. Experienced the difference between staying at home and running around. Can have a superficial understanding of some concepts, such as homesickness, migration, staying overnight and homelessness.
2. Have a family experience
I have seen my father shave and my parents hug and kiss.
I did housework with my father.
Such as cooking, cleaning the table, making the bed, and doing manual work. I spent the whole day alone with my father. My father took good care of me when I was ill.
4. Learn the basic knowledge of kitchen.
For example, what is a strong taste, what is moldy food, and what food is harmful to the body. Master basic cooking skills: stirring, chopping, peeling, kneading, and filtering with a sieve. Understand the cooking terms (crispy, stir-fried, raw food, cooked food) and be able to grasp the amount of "a little" salt.
5. Spend the night at someone else's house.
Being exposed to different family cultures, I can realize that each family has its own unique living habits.
6. Get to know your relatives and friends
Can initially sort out different kinship relationships, such as uncles, cousins, goddaughters, etc. ...
Experience your different emotions.
7. I experienced the importance of my existence.
For example, I heard people say "If only you were there" and "We just missed you at the last party".
8. Understand the meaning of winning or losing
There is both the will to win and the result of losing.
9. Experienced a depressed mood.
Hunger will not be mistaken for anger, fatigue will be mistaken for sadness. Understand the basic relationship and influence between some psychological factors, such as emotional fluctuation may lead to bed wetting.
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Forgive an adult for unfair punishment.
1 1. Know how to express your emotions.
For example, it is vividly expressed as: "Anger explodes like a balloon" and "Anger overflows like water in a bucket".
12. Have had emotional experience
For example, one's own learning progress has aroused the happiness and satisfaction of people around him.
Experience different physical states.
Had personal experience.
I have experienced the buoyancy of human body in water. I can swing and experience the interaction between my body and the swing.
14. Playing pillow fights in bed
Throw pillows with one person or several people.
15. Get an experience in nature
In winter, I made a snowman, dug a bunker and built a dam in the stream. Master wild fire and fire fighting skills. Trying to make windmills and lanterns.
16. Can answer basic medical and nursing knowledge.
For example, if you feel pain when breathing, should you lie still or exercise? Knowing how to touch is conducive to stabilizing emotions, learning the initial massage techniques and understanding the importance of rest to the body.
17. Know how to care for eyes, ears, skin and feet and experience what goose bumps are.
Understand the meaning of disease.
I used to be proud of conquering diseases, and I know that diseases are inevitable in life.
Experience a deeper feeling
Had some psychological experience.
For example, I put forward a proposal for revision, which was once adopted by others or collectives. At that moment, I was like a rescuer.
20. It has been given.
I once put money in a beggar's hat, a street performer's piano box and a public donation box.
2 1. Like to listen to stories
I have heard fairy tales, and I know suffering and comfort through stories and fables.
22. Be able to keep secrets for yourself or others.
Understand the meaning of the following two sentences: "This matter is only known to you and me." "This is a secret between us."
23. Keep your promise
I fulfilled one of my promises.
24. Learn to ask questions
I once asked a question that no one could answer.
25. master the scale of accepting swearing.
Can grasp the occasion and depth of these words.
26. Help others
When you see someone drop something on the ground, you can take the initiative to help pick it up.
Experience the outside world.
27. visited the museum
I felt a special atmosphere there. Those long-ago exhibits will be preserved forever. I visited an old castle and realized that the world is constantly changing. My grandmother lives in a completely different era from ours, and the treasures collected at home can be passed down from generation to generation.
28. Interested in collecting.
29. You should know that the world is a huge space, divided into five continents.
30. Understand many aspects.
Nature has a beautiful side, a difficult, fragile and protective side, and an invincible and hidden danger side.
Experience all kinds of life skills.
3 1. Master a fresh-keeping method to prevent food from rotting. Can repair simple things. When you buy an item, you will first consider the convenience of maintenance.
32. Can distinguish between farmers' markets and supermarkets.
33. I once climbed a tree.
I accidentally fell into a stream.
35. The fields have been sown and the crops have been harvested.
36. Plug electrical appliances (such as tape recorders) into the socket.
37. I have written to others and found comfort in it. Waiting for a letter with enthusiasm, or sending and receiving an email.
After receiving a blank sheet of paper, I feel nervous and excited at the thought of drawing on it.
Read a book carefully from beginning to end.
40. I once saw a picture, which painted the winter scenery and the shadow was blue.
4 1. Nail, screw and replace the battery.
42. Be able to convey the information heard on the phone to others.
43. Be able to remember the telephone number of alarm, hospital emergency or fire alarm.
Explore from the things around you.
44. Study the zipper on the wallet and the lock on the door.
Can use a bolt and a key. I won't accidentally lock myself up.
45. Deliberately peel off the fruit, and then open the core to see what happened.
46. I have observed the veins on the leaves and the blood vessels on the hands and compared them.
47. There are at least three favorite aroma types that can distinguish the aroma of different fruits.
48. I have a certain concept about the unit of measurement. For example, 3 liters is equivalent to 3 full milk bottles, and I will use my height to measure the room.
49. Have done chemical experiments on appearance and existence.
You know, an empty cup is not empty, because there is still air in it.
50. I did an experiment according to the operating rules and practiced it many times.
5 1. I once chose a person representing my own interests to participate in the discussion at the meeting.
52. Be able to recognize the difference between running, walking and walking. I've had a long journey, and I'm hungry and thirsty after a long journey, and I feel that "the destination is in front of me".
53. Know a master, an expert or an expert and "work" with them.
54. Being able to distinguish between eating and dining, body movements and postures, smells and aromas, noise and music, being able to feel the subtle differences between looking around, glancing at it in a hurry and studying it carefully, and knowing that walking and rushing are two different words. ...
Begin to know yourself accurately.
55. Understand the typical boys' toys and girls' toys.
If someone asks, you can answer according to your own ideas.
56. Have the desire to dress up beautifully.
Feel the "clothing style", such as "this sweater doesn't suit me."
57. I once thought: What would it be like if I wrote my name on the sand table? What if it's written in the snow, on the forest floor, on frosted windows?
58. I was able to find my own vocals and used to sing my name as lyrics.
59. I once told others that I had a dream today. ...
60. A dispute was mediated, which brought the two sides to an end.
6 1. Be able to listen to others and wait patiently when waiting in line.
62. Try to imagine what it was like a few months or weeks before you were born.
63. Be able to control your own strength (such as playing drums or helping people massage).
64. Understand that not all wishes can be realized at once.
65. I have argued with others about an established rule, changed a rule and understood the relationship between routine and exception.
66. You can draw inferences from others. Initially establish the concept of "wisdom" and understand human wisdom and artificial wisdom created by science and technology.
67. I know the color of my eyes and have painted a self-portrait.
68. I have taken my pulse, as well as my friends and small animals.
69. Be proud just because you are a child (ordinary child).
Back to the last item, "I am only proud because I am a child (an ordinary child)." This is probably the best summary of these 69 experiences. The 69 experiences in this list seem ordinary, but for children, they are precious growth experiences. There is no stipulation on what kind of abilities children need, but aren't these vivid experiences the best education?
This list is not a standard answer, and we don't need to make up for the children's experiences one by one. When we look at this list, it is more important to see the educational logic behind it and another possibility for children to grow up behind it.
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Back to the last item, "I am only proud because I am a child (an ordinary child)." This is probably the best summary of these 69 experiences. The 69 experiences in this list seem ordinary, but for children, they are precious growth experiences. There is no stipulation on what kind of abilities children need, but aren't these vivid experiences the best education?
This list is not a standard answer, and we don't need to make up for the children's experiences one by one. When we look at this list, it is more important to see the educational logic behind it and another possibility for children to grow up behind it.