Type: novel
Region: Japan
Author: Kobayashi Takiji couldn't stand the cruel persecution of the supervisor, so the crab workers finally joined forces, beat up the captain and foreman, and went on strike. Although the struggle failed because of the suppression of the Japanese navy, they were not discouraged. After summing up the lesson, they secretly planned the second attack.
The novel truly reveals the cruel nature of the exploitation and oppression of fishermen by fishery capitalists and reactionary troops, and correctly shows the development process of the Japanese working class from spontaneous resistance to conscious struggle. It is one of the outstanding works in the history of modern Japanese literature. Kobayashi Takiji (1903- 1933), alias, Hideki Horai, Itochu, a poor peasant, a Japanese proletarian writer and one of the leaders of the Japanese proletarian literary movement.
1924, Kobayashi Takiji and his friends founded Guangming magazine.
1927 Joined the "Workers, Peasants and Artists Union" and served as the director of Otaru Branch.
193 1 year joined the Japanese * * * production party.
1933 was arrested and tortured to death.
See the entry "Kobayashi Takiji" for details.
Related works: snack shop and before the twelfth lunar month 1927.
Killing dogs 1928- 1929 snow forest, a master in the wild.
1March 5, 928/kloc-0 +0930 years later, as early as 65438+the beginning of 0930, Xia Yan published an appointment in the first issue of Pioneers under the pseudonym of Ruoqin, which may be the earliest comment on Japanese revolutionary writer Kobayashi Takiji in China literary world. The article writes: "If someone asks: What is the representative work of Japanese proletarian literature recently? Then we can answer without hesitation: It's the Crab Worker's Boat by Kobayashi Takiji, the author of1March 5, 928. " At the end of the article, it is also emphasized: "The Crab Worker Boat can be boldly recommended as a masterpiece of Pretoria literature."
Kobayashi Takiji's masterpiece "The Crab Worker Boat" was published in March 1929. At first, it was serialized in the magazine "Battle Flag" and published in September of the same year.
1in the spring of 930, the first issue of Literature and Art Research edited by Lu Xun (published on February 5, 930) published the publication notice of "The Crab Worker Boat": "The greatest achievement of Japanese literature in the proletariat so far is the Kobayashi Takiji's" Crab Worker Boat ". In The Crab Worker Boat, which describes the service for imperialism, the fisherman is tied to the railing. This worker ship is dedicated to its own interests and would rather sacrifice hundreds of lives of another worker ship seeking help. This sad scene shows the opposition between the two classes in a thrilling way. "
1930 In April, Dajiang Bookstore hosted by Chen Wangdao and others published Pan Nianzhi's translation of "Crab Worker Boat", but it was soon banned by the reactionary Kuomintang authorities on charges of "ordinary literature and art".
The cover of China's version of The Crab Worker Boat is purplish brown, with towering chimneys, tall and straight water towers and endless workshops. The composition is bold and unique. The book is nearly 200 pages, printed on lightweight glossy paper, and the books are quite good. The most valuable thing about this "banned book" is that it has a preface written by Kobayashi Takiji specially for Chinese translation.
The publication of "The Crab Worker Boat" has had a positive and enthusiastic impact on the reading circle in China. Wang published "The End of Kobayashi Takiji" in Modern Fiction magazine in March and April, and was appraised and recommended. China New Book Monthly and other publications also published review articles. Many writers in China are also keen on translating and introducing Kobayashi Takiji's works. For example, Guo Moruo translated "For the People" (published in Japanese short stories, Commercial Press, first edition in March, 1935).
To readers in China.
Kobayashi Takiji wrote a preface for the Chinese translation. The full text is as follows:
How did the rise of China Protetaglia heroes add courage to Japanese Protetaglia? I am very excited to think that with the glorious efforts of Comrade Pan Nianzhi, "The Crab Worker Boat" has been finished in this heroic China proletariat. The facts used in this work, like those in Japan, may have little to do with the proletariat in China. However, if the primitive squeezing and captive labor at the bottom of "The Crab Worker Boat" is extremely abused, and the bottom of the China proletariat is bound by the chains of various imperialists and forced to abuse it below the animal line, is it impossible? It's possible! Then, this poor and weak work, though poor and weak, must become a kind of strength. I firmly believe that.
Oh, my friends in China, I wish you health and bright forever!
Give you a firm handshake!
19291February 7th
Kobayashi Takiji
This concise and profound preface is not only a precious gift given to Japanese readers by great Japanese soldiers and writers, but also a very meaningful page in the history of Sino-Japanese cultural exchange. In this short preface, it contains rich revolutionary friendship and ardent and sincere hopes, and truly and touching expresses the sincere wishes of the outstanding son of the Japanese people for the proletarian revolutionary cause in China. The workers in "Crab Worker Boat" are farmers who were forced to leave their homes in Hokkaido to survive, while the workers who drove the crab worker boat "Bo Guang" to kamchatka peninsula to catch crabs and then process them into cans are the epitome of the Kobayashi Takiji family.
The reason why Kobayashi Takiji can vividly describe the sufferings of workers is the epitome of his family. Kobayashi, 1903 was born in a poor peasant family in Akita Prefecture. He once left home for Hokkaido to survive. Parents pushing wheelbarrows on steep slopes, sisters working in volcanic ash factories and picking up cinders, like the workers and farmers around them, can't improve their situation even if they work hard.
The novel describes workers who work hard but get low wages under the oppression of imperialist powers and capitalists. Under the increasing pressure of capitalists, in order to get their due treatment, they joined forces to resist oppression. Kobayashi Takiji exposed the capitalist's abuse and oppression of the workers and the truth that the army that should have protected the people colluded with the capitalists to all Japanese who lived in the same era with him.
Everyone who has read the novel hates Asakawa, the supervisor who lynched the workers on the crab boat. Kobayashi Takiji can regard the pain of his family and the sorrow of the proletariat as his own pain, and vividly express this pain through his novels because the environment in which he grew up provided him with vivid materials.
The Crab Worker Boat is a masterpiece written by Kobayashi Takiji after consulting a lot of materials. Described the life of workers in Hokkaido and the oppression of workers by Beiyang Fisheries Company. In his works, Kobayashi Takiji refers to the testimonies of fishermen, members of Otaru Seamen's Union, members of Hakodate Union, and alumni of Otaru Commercial High School, as well as the information obtained from his personal investigation, thus making Crab Craft extremely realistic.
Jing Daole Doi, a Japanese poet, said, "Every time you reread The Crab Worker Boat, you will find some plots that you haven't noticed before. The same is true in expression. For example, when describing the rain in the cold weather in the north, he wrote' Rain is like natto spinning', which is not only his profound literary foundation, but also his vivid metaphor, and he used this metaphor to write the feeling of being alive, the feeling of being alive, and even the sweat of workers, which is very realistic. "
That's true. For Kobayashi Takiji, the cold in the north is by no means out of reach. "Laborers' feelings about life, feelings about life" made him feel the same. Before his death, he must have often thought of the hardships of his parents pushing carts to support their families during the slack season. On the steep hillside, the scene of his parents braking while running must have impressed him deeply. Duo Xi transferred her feelings for her parents to the workers who also survived in Hokkaido. Why is Kobayashi Takiji's masterpiece The Crab Worker Boat popular again?
This is not the last century. Today's Japanese children can't find the north because of anime and video games. Since the beginning of this year, the Japanese proletarian classic novel "Crab Worker Boat" has suddenly become popular, and its cumulative sales volume has exceeded one million. People in the book industry said with one voice: "This is probably a strange thing that even the late author Kobayashi Takiji never dreamed of!"
Kobayashi Takiji's masterpiece The Crab Worker Boat was published in 1929. Four years later, he was beaten to death by the police in Tsukiji, Tokyo. It happens that this year marks the 75th anniversary of his death. In addition, the Daily News, a major newspaper at the beginning of the year, published a talk by a famous literary critic, such as Gao Qiao Yuanichiro, which focused public opinion on proletarian writer Kobayashi Takiji. Gao Qiao said: "After I showed it to many students, I actually got a * * * sound. At present, the poor class in Japanese society is very similar to the situation in which crab workers were exploited at that time. "
"Crab Boat" describes unemployed workers, bankrupt farmers, poor students and 14, 15-year-old child workers, who have been lured into employment by the crab boat "Boguang Pill" for a long time and engaged in the most primitive, backward and arduous crab catching work. Unable to stand the cruel persecution of the supervisor, they finally joined forces to strike and beat up the captain and foreman. Although the struggle failed because of the suppression of the Japanese navy, the crab workers were not discouraged. After summing up the lessons, they secretly planned a second attack. The novel reveals the essence of cruel exploitation of fishermen by fishery capitalists and reactionary troops, vividly shows the development process of Japanese working class from spontaneous resistance to conscious struggle, and is a proletarian enlightenment work in the history of modern Japanese literature.
According to Japanese official statistics, there are as many as 20 million young adults with an annual income of less than 2 million yen, while nationals with an income of 6.5438+200,000 yen are exempt from income tax. Therefore, Japanese society calls these low-income people "the new poor". According to the bookstore's survey, the readers who bought "The Crab Worker Boat" are precisely people of this class. In addition, The Crab Worker Boat has a comic book reader. A young reader once told me: "Japanese owners don't want to hire regular workers because they have to pay medical insurance and housing subsidies." It is better to recruit temporary workers quickly, and you can be fired at any time without paying medical insurance and housing subsidies. If you are not pleasing to the eye, you can not come the next day. Compared with temporary workers, in fact, the owners like hourly workers best, and you are courageous. Anyway, you can't beat him. Your life is in his hands, just like the supervisor of the crab boat! "
A popular word in Japan in recent years is "precario", which means "unstable". According to the figures of the working population released by the Cabinet Office of Japan, temporary workers have already occupied one third of the whole labor force. In other words, one-third of the labor force is in an unstable state and has great dissatisfaction with society.
A few weeks ago, a brutal riot broke out in Akihabara, Tokyo. A 25-year-old prisoner stabbed an innocent pedestrian on the roadside, resulting in 7 deaths and 10 injuries. The male prisoner named Kato is a temporary worker in an auto parts factory. Judging from the interrogation released by the police, he usually bears a grudge against the factory, and his paranoid hobby of "otaku" has let his private resentment vent to the society at once, and began to retaliate against the most abnormal and barbaric society. Japanese media exclaimed that in the face of these "new poor people", they could no longer be awake. The popularity of "crab workers' boats" hides unprecedented social crisis. A proletariat that can't be explained by the crazy sales in the book market is actually a false proposition. The biggest reason why Kobayashi Takiji's novels are popular at present is that the "new poor" have found a mirror to reflect their poverty, and that's all. Contemporary Japan, after all, is different from the era of crab workers and boats, and the Japanese government has warned of the growing gap between the rich and the poor. (Mao Danqing)
Source: Beijing Evening News Editor: Yu Yue On August 4, 2008, the Nihon Keizai Shimbun reported that Kazuo Ishii, chairman of Japan's * * * Production Party, said that the book Crab Worker Boat was very popular among young people, which gave them a new understanding of Marxism. Japan * * * produced the party's propaganda materials, saying that some young people can't see the future no matter how they work. They used to think that the responsibility lies with themselves, but now they are beginning to realize that this is actually the responsibility of the political system and must change the current political situation.
According to the report of the Nihon Keizai Shimbun, the number of new party member of Japan's * * * production party is increasing rapidly, especially the number of young party member. The population of party member began to decrease after it reached 500,000 in 1990, and it has been hovering around 400,000 since 10. However, since the Fifth Plenary Session of the Central Committee in communist party in September 2007, about 9,000 people have joined the Party. Interestingly, 20% of the new party members are under the age of 30.
The popularity of novels set off an upsurge of revisiting Kobayashi Takiji and the proletarian literature movement more than 70 years ago. But some scholars believe that this is just an opportunity for publishers to make a fortune. The story of the struggle in the crab boat can't be repeated in Japan today. For decades, the number of trade union members in Japan has been declining, and only a few voters support leftist parties.
HirokazuToeda, a professor at Waseda University, said: "It is easy for young people to resonate and associate with their own situation in the novel, but this resonance is sporadic. I don't think this will lead to organized sports. "
Young people pursue it.
"The Crab Worker Boat" was regarded as disrespectful to the Emperor by the Japanese authorities, so the book was blotted out and deleted, and was later listed as a banned book.
1953, The Crab Worker Boat was first published in paperback in Japan, with an annual sales volume of 5,000 copies, and then disappeared from bookstores for a long time.
Until June 5438 +2008 10, this classic novel suddenly became popular. According to Shin cho sha, a publishing house, the book has sold more than 500,000 copies. According to the Japanese Yomiuri Shimbun, nearly 80% of the readers who bought the book have become young people.
The Guardian pointed out that for a cultural market like Japan, which has been immersed in animation and video games for a long time, it is really rare for young people to be interested in such serious literary works as "Crab Worker Boat". The deep-seated reason is probably the economic depression in Japan, and this work has aroused the * * * of the working poor at the bottom of society.