1, preface?
The central task of information engineering supervision is to control the three major objectives of information engineering projects (investment objectives, schedule objectives and quality objectives). Therefore, it is necessary for supervision units and supervision engineers to master the basic ideas, theories and methods of target control. ?
2. What is the meaning and type of target control?
2. 1 The meaning of target control Control activity is an indispensable and important management activity in modern economic activities. In management theory, control is usually a kind of management activity, that is, managers measure the results according to the planned standards, correct the deviations in the actual process, and ensure that the predetermined planned goals are realized. ?
From the control flow chart of 1, it can be seen that each control cycle process has to go through basic links such as input, conversion, feedback, comparison and correction. ?
2.2 Types of target control Due to the different ways and methods of control activities, according to the development process of things, control activities can be divided into pre-control, in-process control and post-control and other types; According to whether a closed loop is formed, it can be divided into open-loop control and closed-loop control; According to the source of corrective measures or control information, it can be divided into feedforward control and feedback control. ?
From the perspective of information engineering supervision, control activities can be divided into active control and passive control. ?
2.2. 1 Active control The so-called active control means that the control department and the controller analyze the possibility of deviation between the actual target result and the planned target in advance, and on this premise, formulate and take various preventive measures to achieve the planned target. ?
Active control is a kind of future-oriented feedforward ex ante control. ?
2.2.2 Passive control The so-called passive control means that when the system goes as planned, the controller tracks the implementation of the plan, processes, sorts out and transmits the information of the information engineering project output by it to the control department. It is the controller who finds the problem, finds out the deviation, seeks and determines the solution to the problem and corrects the deviation, and then sends it back to the plan execution system for execution, so that once the plan goal deviates, it can be corrected. ?
Passive control is a kind of feedback ex post control for current work. ?
Figure 2 shows the relationship between active control and passive control. Compared with active control, passive control has many shortcomings, but for information engineering supervision units and their supervision engineers, passive control is still an active control, a very important control method and a commonly used control form. Examination forum?
In the process of supervision, it is necessary to combine active control with passive control, which requires the supervision unit and its supervision engineer to implement both feedforward control and feedback control in the process of target control, and control according to the actual output information engineering information and predicted engineering information, and organically combine the two. ?
3. How to control the three objectives?
3. 1 investment control The task of investment control is mainly to conduct feasibility studies in the early stage of implementation and assist contractors to make correct investment decisions; Review the design scheme, design standards and total budget (budget) in the design stage; Assist in determining the pre-tender estimate and contract cost in the project preparation stage; In the implementation stage, review the design changes, verify the completed quantities, and control the project progress payment visa and claim; Audit the project settlement at the project completion stage. ?
3. 1. 1 Investment control is not a single target control. In the process of supervision, investment control cannot be simply understood as controlling the actual investment of information engineering projects within the planned investment scope. On the contrary, it should be recognized that investment control is carried out simultaneously with quality control and schedule control, and it is an integral part of the control activities implemented for the whole information engineering project target system. When realizing investment control, both quality and schedule objectives need to be considered. ?
The following problems should be paid attention to when realizing investment control: firstly, when determining or demonstrating the investment objectives of information engineering projects, the coordination and unity of the whole objective system should be comprehensively considered, so that the investment objectives of information engineering projects can meet the needs of project owners as well as the schedule objectives and quality objectives. This requires that when determining the target system of information engineering, we should carefully analyze the overall demand of project owners for information engineering projects, and coordinate the investment objectives, schedule objectives and quality objectives repeatedly, so as to achieve the optimal balance between the objectives. ?
Secondly, in the process of investment control, we should coordinate the relationship with quality control and schedule control, and do a good job in the organic cooperation of the three controls. When taking investment control measures, we should consider whether this measure will adversely affect the other two target controls. ?
3. 1.2 investment control When controlling the investment of information engineering projects in an all-round way, it should have the main characteristics of information engineering supervision and control. Therefore, the supervision engineer needs to start from the project system, carry out comprehensive work, take measures and implement control from all aspects. That is to say, in addition to economic control, we should also carry out corresponding work around the organization, technology and contract of investment control. When considering problems, we should also base ourselves on the economic benefits of the project, not just the one-time investment cost of the project. ?
3. 1.3 Investment control is a microscopic investment control. Because information engineering supervision is a microscopic supervision and management work, the project investment control carried out by information engineering supervision units and supervision engineers is also a microscopic work. Its focus is not on the investment direction, investment structure, financing methods and channels of the project, but on controlling the investment of a specific information engineering project. ?
In order to control the planned investment of the project, the supervision project should be controlled step by step from each investment block and each sub-project of the project, one cycle at a time. Start small, look at the whole project, recruit in many ways, and implement comprehensive investment control. ?
3.2 schedule control schedule control, first of all, through careful analysis and research in the early stage of the project, determine the reasonable time limit for a project, and incorporate the time limit requirements into the contract before implementation; In the process of project implementation, review and modify the implementation organization design and progress plan through scientific means such as operational research and network planning technology, determine the reasonable construction period through careful analysis and research in the early stage of the project, and incorporate the construction period requirements into the contract before implementation; In the process of project implementation, through scientific means such as operational research and network planning technology, the implementation organization design and schedule are reviewed and revised, coordination and supervision are done well, interference is eliminated, and individual projects and their phased target time limit are gradually realized, and finally the realization of the total time limit for information engineering projects is ensured. ?
3.2. 1 Schedule control is to control the whole process of project implementation. The goal of information engineering supervision schedule control is the planning time of information engineering projects. Therefore, schedule control includes not only the project implementation stage, but also the project preparation stage, project bidding and design stage, and its time range covers the whole process of information engineering projects. ?
3.2.3 Control the factors that affect the progress. There are many reasons why the progress of information engineering can not be achieved as planned, such as the low quality and ability of managers and workers, and the insufficient number; Equipment cannot be supplied on time, with good quality and quantity; Insufficient funds, can not be in place on time; Low technical level, unable to master and apply new technologies and methods skillfully. In order to achieve effective progress control, it is not allowed to control the above factors that affect the progress, and measures should be taken to reduce or avoid the influence of these factors. ?
3.2.4 Organization and coordination is the key to effective progress control. To control the progress of information engineering projects, we must coordinate with relevant units. There are many companies related to the progress of information engineering projects, including project owners, contractors and fund suppliers. If we can't effectively coordinate with these units, establish a coordination network, and make some efforts in coordination, it will be difficult to control the progress. ?
3.3 Quality control Quality control runs through the whole process of information engineering projects, covering feasibility study, design, implementation, acceptance, putting into use and system operation and maintenance, mainly including organizing design scheme review, conducting design scheme consultation and scheme review, and controlling design changes; Review the contractor's qualification before implementation; In the process of project implementation, check the implementation of supervision standards and norms through various control means; And through the stage acceptance and completion acceptance, to ensure good quality. ?
3.3. 1 Quality control should be closely combined with the government's supervision of project quality. In terms of investment objectives, schedule objectives and quality objectives of information system engineering, quality objectives are particularly valued by government supervision and management departments. Therefore, to measure whether the quality of information engineering projects meets the planned standards and requirements, it is necessary for supervision units and their supervision engineers to jointly undertake the supervision and management tasks of information engineering project quality with the government's engineering quality supervision and management departments. ?
3.3.2 Quality control is the implementation process of a system control project and the process of its quality formation. In order to make the quality control of information engineering project produce the expected effect, the information engineering supervision unit and its supervision engineer should continuously carry out quality control along the whole process of information engineering project implementation. ?
3.3.3 Quality control should be fully controlled. Due to the extensive content of information engineering project quality objectives, to achieve the overall quality objectives of information engineering projects, total quality control must be implemented. ?
To fully control the quality of information engineering projects, we should focus on investigating various factors that interfere with the external environment and internal system quality, do a good job in risk analysis and management, predict various possible quality deviations, and take effective preventive measures. These active control measures should be organically combined with supervision, supervision, feedback, finding problems and solving them in time, and correcting deviations in time, so that the quality of information engineering projects is under the effective control of supervision engineers. ?
4. summary?
Control activity is an indispensable and important management activity in modern economic activities. Controlling the investment target, schedule target and quality target is also the central work of information engineering supervision. This paper first introduces the meaning and types of target control, and then analyzes the three target controls of information engineering supervision one by one in order to better standardize and promote information engineering supervision.
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