catalogue
practical application
origin
characteristic
trend
cloud computing
magic carpet
Villages in Cloud Computing
a ray of hope
Eliminate confusion
Enterprises accept cloud computing services
The cloud computing market will grow rapidly.
Reliability and safety issues
seek a compromise
practical application
origin
characteristic
trend
cloud computing
magic carpet
Villages in Cloud Computing
a ray of hope
Eliminate confusion
Enterprises accept cloud computing services
The cloud computing market will grow rapidly.
Reliability and safety issues
seek a compromise
launch
Edit this paragraph, the simplest cloud computing technology has been widely used in network services, such as search engines, network mailboxes and so on. Users only need to simply input.
Cloud technology
Instructions can get a lot of information. In the future, mobile devices such as mobile phones and GPS can develop more application services through cloud computing technology. Further cloud computing is not only data search and analysis, but also analysis of DNA structure, gene map sequencing and cancer cell analysis in the future. The concept of "cloud computing", an earlier large-scale distributed computing technology, originated from the explanation of IT expert network: "cloud computing" is the development of distributed computing, parallel computing and grid computing, or the commercial realization of these computer science concepts. Many multinational information technology companies, such as IBM, Yahoo and Google, are using the concept of cloud computing to sell their products and services. The word cloud computing may be borrowed from the "electronic cloud" in quantum physics, emphasizing the universality, ubiquitous distribution and sociality of computing. There is an "electron cloud" in quantum physics. Electrons moving around the nucleus are not the orbits of an empirical world, such as celestial bodies, but the existence of clouds. The description of electron motion is not Newton's classical mechanics, but a density function of probability distribution. Schrodinger wave equation is used to describe the probability that particles are located in a certain position in a specific time, which is completely different from the formulation of classical mechanics. Edit the characteristics of this paragraph. The electronic cloud has the following characteristics, such as probability, universality and simultaneity. Cloud computing may indeed come from the concept of electronic cloud. A few years ago, there was a so-called "ubiquitous computing", IBM had a ubiquitous computing called "ubiquitous", and MS(Bill) quickly put forward a ubiquitous computing "pervasive". Now people have ubiquitous computing. However, cloud computing is not a pure commercial speculation, it will indeed change the pattern of the information industry. Nowadays, many people have used Google Doc and Google Apps, and used many remote software applications such as Office word processing, instead of installing these applications on local machines. Who will pay for office software in the future? There are also many enterprise applications, such as e-commerce. For example, to write a trading program, there are ready-made templates in Google's enterprise solution, and a salesperson who has not learned high-level language programming (such as programming with Netbeans) can make it. This computing and industrial trend is in line with the spirit of open source and the trend of SaaS (software as a service). There is a saying that there are only five computers in the world today, one from Google, one from IBM, one from Yahoo, one from Amazon and one from Microsoft, because these five companies are the first to apply distributed processing in business. Sun Company has long been prescient in proposing that "the network is the computer". Explanation of adaptability in an organization: "Cloud computing" is a name of a service running in a web browser, which stores information in the provider's data. Centers-from home tools such as email and personal finance to new products such as virtual worlds and social networks. Edit this paragraph trend cloud computing "cloud computing" is a very fashionable concept, neither technology nor theory. Accurately speaking, cloud computing only describes a kind of thorny problems, because at this stage, the seesaw balance of "computing and data" has changed, that is, "mobile computing is cheaper than mobile data". "Data" is becoming more and more bloated. From an economic point of view, "data" should be "fixed". Imagine the cost of copying1PIB (1PIB =1024tib) data and the cost of storing these data, as well as the "consistency" problem caused by changing the data. These "emerging" services, such as search, recommendation and social networking, consume "data". For example, a seemingly simple search request depends on an extremely large index data, but the output after processing is very small. The scale of input and output data is much smaller than the calculated data processing scale, and the conservative point is "1: 100000". The scale problem is easy to understand, but the key problem is the relationship between data in the cloud, that is, the "data partition problem". Although "divide and rule" is an ancient principle and distributed computing has been developed for more than forty years, our understanding of this point is still very shallow. "Cloud computing" represents the needs of an era and reflects the changes in market relations. Whoever has a larger data scale can provide wider and deeper information services, while the influence of software and hardware is relatively reduced. According to the most common and ambitious explanation of cloud computing, its goal is to bring everything to the network. The cloud is the network. The network is the computer. When so many organizations are distributed all over the country and all over the world, when so many people are working on the move or at home, why not hand over some of your data and processing needs to a third party and access everything on the whole network with mobile phones, mobile computers or other devices? Your data will be password-protected, just like on the local network, and can be encrypted throughout the network. This processing task can be completed by a third-party virtualized computer farm, which can maximize the capabilities of the processor and greatly reduce the carbon emissions of institutions and wider groups. Cloud computing is an area that is realized by using technologies related to the continuous development of Linux, high-performance computing and virtualization. For companies like IBM and Hewlett-Packard, the recovery of large computers, the development of blade servers (all due to the application of Linux) and the efficiency improvement of data centers in terms of capacity, data and processor utilization make cloud computing a reality. Magic carpet This is a fascinating idea. Computing in the cloud or the whole network can bring many theoretical and practical advantages. The money spent in the data center can be used in other departments of the enterprise. Funds should be used not only for hardware, but also for system maintenance, standby time, unused processing and storage capacity, security issues, energy costs, upgrades and personnel expenses. Even every desktop computer on the desk of every employee in this organization will have a disproportionate impact on the cash flow of this organization, not only the initial hardware investment, but also the cost of software licensing and upgrading hardware to meet the software demand. In an organization, it is also difficult to track the data stored randomly on computers, which may disappear from the company's knowledge base forever. Every desktop computer consumes a certain percentage of energy. Cloud computing is the logical conclusion of many other comfortable and stupid concepts in the past few years. All these concepts are aimed at bringing some order to the data organization in the organization, such as on-demand information, software services, virtualization, Web services, thin clients, SOA and Web 2.0. All these concepts can be managed through cloud computing to some extent. For the promoters of cloud computing, cloud computing may be a magic carpet, which allows you to sit on it and reach a place you will never reach. There, all the problems of the client can be solved through the browser. Your data, applications and processes will be stored everywhere and accessed when needed. This can be done at the individual or enterprise level. Applications such as Google Mail, Google Docs and Facebook all show how this function is realized. However, all commonly used enterprise applications can be accessed in this way. The network has moved from data center to cloud computing. Every user has a potential supercomputer at hand. As long as you can access the network and have equipment connected to the network, you don't need large hardware. You can access your data anytime, anywhere. Your costs will go down. You just have to pay for what you need. Your data is kept in one place, which is sealed and safe. You don't have to be responsible for its safety anymore. Your carbon emissions and impact on the community will be greatly reduced. Your data, applications and servers are available when you need them, and there are no infrastructure or capital expenditure restrictions. Cloud computing can take advantage of computing power that cannot be obtained by other methods. Google and the Internet in cloud computing have demonstrated this approach. Data all over the world can be accessed more or less continuously on the network. Network has become what marshall mcluhan called a virtual global village. He wrote in the 1960s: "In the post-literary era, people's electronic media will turn the world into a village or tribe. Everything happens to everyone at the same time. Everyone knows what happened, so he will be involved. Everything happened at the moment it happened. Television also transmits events to the global village. " Mcluhan was limited by his time. His observation was advanced, but he did not predict the rise of digital computers and the Internet. However, his concept that the world in the electronic age is a global village is still a prescient view of what the Internet has become. Internet has become an unparalleled information base (both accurate information and inaccurate information, information about everything and anything), which can be accessed at any time and anywhere, and is an encyclopedia in your hand. However, if the information we get is not always reliable, how can it develop like this? The electronic global village is the broader background of Google's broader ambition to provide us with data services, and it is the untapped potential of cloud computing. When a user accesses data in cloud computing, he or she needs a synthetic data format. This kind of data can be processed to answer specific needs and preferences, just as the information on the Internet processed by Google meets our query request. This will provide many opportunities for merging, * * sharing and publishing information stored in the cloud. Needless to say, there are still some gaps between reality and this bigger goal. However, there are some practical examples in the real world. The bank has established a global network to identify credit cards. In this network, information must be shared and security is guaranteed. The airline booking system operates in the same way, accessing the central storage system through the network. Most organizations of any size with wide area networks can access information on the move. Cloud computing takes this application to another level. As a proof of concept, HP Labs in Bristol, UK started the SE3D project as early as 2004. This project allows 12 groups of British animators to visit Maya rendering service of HP Labs for free and make 3D short films. Participants get Maya licenses and schedules for seminars, public meetings and industry guidance. This service provides network-wide public computing and is the prototype of animation as a service. For commercial film companies, animation costs a lot. The most famous example of cloud computing currently used is Amazon's EC2 grid. The New York Times recently rented this grid and created a PDF file library with a data capacity of 4TB, including articles published by The New York Times in 185 1 year and 1920. According to Derek Gottfrid of The New York Times, he used 100 Amazon EC2 instances and a Hadoop application, and compiled all the articles of 1 1.5TB in less than 24 hours, and generated another data of 1.5 TB in total. Even if cloud computing is not the mainstream service application, it can bring a glimmer of hope. Just like many technological innovations in the field of computing, the application of cloud computing has encountered obstacles from traditional systems and concepts. Although cloud computing can provide cost-saving benefits, the application of "emerging markets" will surpass that of Europe or the United States. There are many reasons for this. In the so-called developed countries, most enterprises already have infrastructures that rely on traditional hardware, software and conventional working methods. In Southeast Asia, Indian, China or sub-Saharan Africa, SMEs rarely have complex client-server infrastructure. Governments and research institutions are eager to encourage the application of cheap technology. IBM has established cloud computing centers in China, South Africa and Viet Nam. Individuals, groups and businesses can immediately access applications that were previously inaccessible. Like other instances of cloud computing, network computing and/or public computing, these centers are based on virtualized Linux instances running on mainframe computers or blade servers, which can greatly promote the local economy where these centers are located. The concept of cloud computing may be attractive to IT managers, but like many ideas that subvert the current way of doing things, cloud computing also has some resistance. You don't have to put the data there for personal and business reasons. Your personal information, privacy and security may not be under your control. Your personal desktop computer gives you control. With the increasing number of users such as Microsoft Windows operating system software, virus vulnerabilities, anti-spam and "secrecy", almost no one believes in network security. For all these reasons, enterprises should have their own data, and there are often good reasons. Currently available licenses and applications also have many problems, as well as privacy and control issues. We live in a world where more and more data are collected and fewer and fewer people manage the data. Google may not want to share your data, but government agencies can access what they want outside the law. Governments and enterprises are increasingly troubled by collecting our information. In this environment, who wants to adopt cloud computing? This thing will not happen, or that's the logic. Big brother is watching you from the clouds. However, this hypothetical view may assume that the degree of centralization and control far exceeds the actual situation. The most attractive reason for applying cloud computing in the current climate is that it may greatly reduce energy consumption and waste. Energy consumption and waste are the characteristics of current data centers. The value of cloud computing is that it brings us back to the world of large computers. The difference is that the large computer we hold in our hands with a mobile computer or PDA is more powerful than the large computer as big as a warehouse 30 or 40 years ago. Six months before enterprises accepted cloud computing services, only a few employees of electronic equipment manufacturer Sanmina-SCI used Google's cloud computing service Google Apps, which included email, document editing and calendar. At present, the company has more than 1000 employees using Google apps. Manesh Patel, the company's chief information officer, said: "Our project teams are all over the world, and using Google Apps can help them cooperate effectively." He predicted that the number of users of Google Apps will increase to 1 10,000 in the next three years, accounting for 25% of the total employees. Sanmina and Google were the first companies to make changes in software and computing methods. At present, Amazon, Salesforce, IBM, Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Microsoft have all started to provide network storage, software and other services for enterprise users to help them manage customer relationships. This remote computing service is called "cloud computing". Cloud computing actually includes many technologies, such as software as a service (SaaS) and hardware as a service (Haas). Software-as-a-service is a new software distribution method proposed by Salesforce ten years ago, while hardware-as-a-service is a new way introduced by Amazon and other companies to provide storage and computing power through the network. The cloud computing market will grow rapidly. Some analysts believe that cloud computing represents a change in the way enterprises calculate. Merrill Lynch predicts that in the next five years, the global cloud computing market will exceed $95 billion, and 65,438+02% of the global software market will turn to cloud computing. IBM, Dell and Hewlett-Packard also began to shift their product lines to meet the needs of cloud computing services. On August 1 day, IBM announced that it would spend 360 million dollars to build a new cloud computing data center, bringing the company's global data center to nine. Dell provides devices for many cloud computing service providers and Web2.0 enterprises, including Facebook, Microsoft, Amazon and Yahoo. A recent memo from Ballmer shows that Microsoft also listed cloud computing as one of the five major priorities in fiscal year 2009. Microsoft will allow customers to choose between traditional software and software services. Ballmer revealed that Microsoft's next-generation Live service and network technology will add more cloud computing functions. According to a survey by Goldman Sachs, about 9% of IT managers said that they plan to start using Microsoft software services this year. Reliability and security issues However, many CIOs still have doubts about the reliability and security of cloud computing. On July 20th, Amazon S3 service was interrupted for 6 hours, which aggravated the concerns of enterprises. Daryl Plummer, vice president of consulting firm Gartner, said: "It is difficult for enterprises to turn to cloud computing on a large scale in a short time." He pointed out that 80% of the high-tech expenditure of enterprises is system maintenance, not innovation. The slow pace of enterprises turning to cloud computing has also caused concern in the industry. Dave Gill, Google's vice president of enterprise services, said: "If this situation continues, the market will dry up." He revealed that there are currently 500,000 organizations using Google apps, but more than 50% of users use the free version. Enterprises are exploring new areas where cloud computing technology can be used, such as human resource management. Patel of Sanmina Company is currently considering using cloud computing for attendance and expense reporting. He is also very concerned about the network services provided by Amazon. He said: "From a commercial point of view, it is obvious that we can only start gradually. We will first test the ability of the cloud computing platform in low-priority work. " Another concern of CIOs is whether cloud computing complies with legal norms, including Sarbanes-Oxley Act and American medical insurance regulations. ITricity, a European cloud computing service provider, has previously failed to bring its services into compliance with these laws or regulations. Seeking compromise in the past six and a half months, ITricity has invested $779,000 to upgrade its service to the latest technology of IBM. IBM technology makes ITricity's services more flexible. ITricity said that in the past, if users wanted to improve their cloud computing capabilities, they had to wait a week. And IBM's new technology can shorten this time to 1 hour or even shorter. Because many companies have invested heavily in existing equipment, many people think that cloud computing can be introduced in a hybrid mode, that is, some computing needs can be completed within the company, or called "private cloud". Google predicts that more and more enterprises will use cloud computing. Google aims to make more people and companies adapt to Google applications, and has provided Google applications to some universities for free.