Do you have any guide words about Chengdu, Sichuan?

The land of abundance is prosperous. Sichuan is one of the regions with earlier economic development in China, especially the Chengdu Plain, which has been the granary of China since ancient times. In ancient times, Sichuanese learned to grow mulberry and raise silkworms. By the Han Dynasty, Chengdu's brocade had developed into a specialized handicraft industry, and the state had specialized officials to manage the brocade industry. Shu brocade became the main tribute of the court and was exported to Central Asia and the Mediterranean through the Silk Road. Sichuan's salt industry and iron smelting industry had a considerable scale in the Han Dynasty. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Sichuan was more than self-sufficient in grain production. According to historical records, in the second year, Wude "transported Jiannan to the capital" and "Jiannan No.1 Warehouse saved the hungry people with millions of stones". In terms of cash crops, ramie planting in Sichuan has reached a considerable scale. There are many varieties of ramie fabrics, such as cotton cloth, kudzu cloth, tube cloth and Mi Mou cloth. Sichuan is one of the cradles of tea growth, and the baking method was invented very early. There are many famous teas in China, especially the stone flowers on the top of the mountain, which is the first, and has the reputation of "the water of the Yangtze River, the tea of Mengshan". During the Han and Tang Dynasties, salt industry and paper industry were very developed. At that time, the yellow and white hemp paper produced in Sichuan was used as the special paper for writing documents and letters in the imperial court, and the Shu bamboo slips paper produced in Chengdu was famous all over the country. The development of economy has made Sichuan an important economic base in past dynasties. According to Chen Ziang's "Zhou Shu Security" in the Tang Dynasty, "the state-owned Bashu is a treasure of abundance. Since Longxi and Hexi States, it has been funded by the army and given by the postman, so it is necessary to take it from Shu, which is the treasure house of the country. " During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Sichuan's agriculture and handicrafts developed further, and official brocade workshops appeared in the brocade industry. With the development of paper industry, engraving printing industry appeared. In the aspect of well salt mining technology, the technology of shaft sinking was invented, and an impact drill bit was used. Business is relatively developed, Chengdu has a professional market every month, and commercial capital has emerged. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the characteristics of Sichuan's economic development were: increasing varieties of production and economic categories, and widespread cultivation of cotton; In the mining industry, in addition to iron production, gold, silver and copper mining industries have also developed; The silk industry has already had a regional division of labor, and handicraft workshops, as the embryonic nature of capitalism, have already reached a considerable scale; Commercial capital began to penetrate into the handicraft sector. The characteristics of modern economic development in Sichuan are: the economic aggregate index is relatively high, which occupies a decisive position in the whole country, especially in the western region, accounting for 1/3 of the total urban area of l0 provinces in the western region. However, Sichuan has a population of more than 80 million, so the per capita level is still low and the number of poverty-stricken areas is not small. Sichuan's most outstanding economic achievement is to solve the problem of feeding more than 80 million people. The total grain output accounts for more than13 of the total number of provinces and cities in the west, and the per capita grain possession remains above 400 kg. Sichuan is also one of the production bases of cash crops in China. In addition to meeting the needs of this province, agricultural products are also exported in large quantities, including cash crops such as grain and oilseeds, especially pork, accounting for about 1/3 of the whole country. For a time, some people said that "Sichuan pigs are safe in the world." The main grain production bases in Sichuan are 23 counties such as Wenjiang in the western Sichuan plain, and the total grain output accounts for about 14% of the whole province. Cotton production bases are 19 counties (cities, districts) such as Jintang and Zhongjiang in central Sichuan and northern Sichuan, and the total output accounts for more than 90% of the province; Sugarcane production bases are concentrated in more than 20 counties (cities, districts) in Neijiang, Bernanke and Panzhihua, accounting for more than 70% of the province's output. Rape production is concentrated in the western Sichuan plain; Sesame production is concentrated in Dazhou and Yibin; Flue-cured tobacco production in Liangshan Prefecture and Yibin City: Animal husbandry is mainly in pastoral areas of western Sichuan Plateau. The first climax of modern industrial development in Sichuan was in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period. Because of its geographical location, Sichuan has become the rear area of China. Many armories have moved from the coast and some private enterprises have moved to Sichuan, which has strengthened the economic foundation of Sichuan. During this period, Sichuan's industry was mainly concentrated in Chongqing. The second climax of Sichuan's industrial development is the first five-year plan period and the second five-year plan period after the founding of New China. At that time, the national focus was on Chengdu and Chongqing. During the second five-year plan period, industrial construction projects are gradually distributed along the railway and on both sides of the Yangtze River, but the total industrial output value of Chengdu and Chongqing still accounts for more than 60% of the province. The third climax of Sichuan's industrial development was the "third line" construction period in the 1960s. At that time, considering the need of war preparedness, the country divided Chinese mainland into first, second and third grade areas from the coast to the inland, and decided to focus on building the third grade. Sichuan is the key area of the third-line construction, and a large number of industrial enterprises, military enterprises (later converted into civilian products) and scientific research institutions moved in, laying a solid industrial foundation in Sichuan. The industrial layout in the basin is also in full swing, which has completely changed the abnormal development of industrial layout. The proportion of Chengdu-Chongqing's total industrial output value in the whole province has further declined, and a number of emerging industrial cities such as Guangyuan, Mianyang, Jiangyou, Deyang and Guanghan along baoji-chengdu railway have risen. Ziyang, Neijiang and Jianyang on the chengdu-chongqing railway Line; Leshan, Xichang and Panzhihua on the chengdu-kunming railway Line; Dachuan and Wanyuan on the Hunan-Chongqing railway line; And Yibin, Baigong and Luzhou along the Yangtze River. Today, there are many industrial enterprises in Sichuan. Among the 40 industrial categories in China, there are 37 in Sichuan. Among them, metallurgy, mining, chemicals, machinery, aerospace, electronics and food industries occupy an important position in China, and Sichuan has become an important steel, machinery and electronics industrial base in China. Industrial strength is in a leading position in western China. At present, Sichuan has accelerated the pace of industrial restructuring, formulated and began to implement structural adjustment plans that give priority to cultivating fist products and pillar industries and transforming traditional industries in order to seek new development. The pillar industries identified in Sichuan are: hydropower energy, electronic information, mechanical metallurgy, tourism, medicine and chemical industry, food and beverage, etc. Bashu culture has a long history. Archaeological data show that the earliest Paleolithic human in Sichuan was a human skull and many mammalian fossils excavated in Manxi, Ziyang in 195 1. The human represented by this skull was named "Ziyang" by archaeologists, which belongs to an early new type and is more primitive than the Neanderthals in Beijing. The Neolithic human activity sites in Sichuan are widely distributed, and more than 100 have been found in western Sichuan plain, Ya 'an, Lushan, Tianquan, Muli and Xichang. During the period of slavery society, Sichuan was ruled by Ba and Shu for a long time, and the ancient Bashu people created rich and colorful Bashu culture. According to historical records, Ba people were good at singing and dancing in ancient times, which was sorted out by musicians in the early Han Dynasty and called "Bayu Dance". Ba people like to use percussion instruments such as head and cymbals, and chimes are the most exquisite instruments used by nobles. The 14 chime unearthed from Xiaotian Creek in Fuling is decorated with animal faces, flat plates and geometric patterns by casting and staggered gold. Among the ancient Bashu cultural relics, the most striking are the stone cultural relics of Shu people and the hanging coffin burial of Ba people. According to the history, the ancient Shu kingdom "where Wang Qi stands a big stone, which is three feet long and weighs one thousand kilograms, it is an epitaph." This big stone is the legendary stalagmite in Chengdu, and there is also a supporting stone in the cultural park now. The most concentrated representative of ancient Shu cultural sites is Sanxingdui site in Guanghan, which pushed the history of Shu to more than 9,000 years ago and made Sichuan one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization. A large number of precious cultural relics unearthed in Sanxingdui, such as bronze statues, golden walking sticks and lush bronze sacred trees, heads and masks, show the historical richness of ancient Shu culture more than 2,000 years before BC, and mark the formation of ancient Shu culture, religion and regional characteristics. And the exquisite skills of ancient Shu people in painting, sculpture, metallurgy, casting and polishing. During the Qin and Han dynasties, the ancient Bashu area entered the feudal society, the productive forces were liberated, the social economy developed rapidly, and the Bashu culture developed unprecedentedly. The most prominent symbol is that during the reign of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, Shoujiao Weng of Shu County founded the first official school in China history-Shu County School, also known as Wen Weng Poetry. According to records, the great poet Sima Xiangru once taught in Shishi. The most representative cultural achievements of Sichuan in Han Dynasty are documents: First, Guo Sheren commented on Erya in Leshan Una, and the Eryatai site still exists; Secondly, Sima Xiangru is a great poet with a long history, and his many famous works, such as Zi Xufu and Shang Lin Fu, are handed down to later generations. Thirdly, Yang Xiong, another famous lyric poet, philosopher and linguist in the Han Dynasty, also has famous works such as Fa Yan, Tai Xuan, Dialect, Biography of Shu Wang and Changyang Fu. In addition, there are famous poets such as Wang Bo and Li You.

The most representative works of art left over from the Han Dynasty are Han Que and portrait bricks. Que is a monument built by Han officials to show their rank and position. According to the regulations of the imperial court, only officials with a salary of more than 2,000 stones can stand in front of the door before their death and in front of the tomb after their death. The Han Que preserved so far in Sichuan are Jun Que in Pingyang, Ya 'an Gaoyi Que, Feng Huanque and Shen Que in Quxian, Yang Zongque and Yang Changque in Jiajiang and Chang Que in Deyang. The architectural shapes of all these pavilions, the relief figures on stone tablets, the designs of chariots, horses, birds and beasts, and Han Li's inscriptions are of great literary and artistic value. Most of the portrait bricks in the Han Dynasty were excavated from the tombs of the Han Dynasty. There are many Han tombs in Sichuan, especially the Eastern Han tombs. Portrait brick is a work of art to decorate the tomb wall. Rich in subject matter, independent and complete in composition and rigorous in structure. No matter from the perspective of expression and artistic image, it has the characteristics of painting art, and it is a painting that reflects the characteristics and artistic style of the times at that time. The works include planting, harvesting, picking lotus, picking mulberry, making salt with brine, hunting and so on. There are doors, buildings, courtyards and warehouses of buildings, scenes of bureaucratic landlords and fairy stories. During the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the most representative cultural achievement in Sichuan was historiography. At that time, famous historians such as Qiao Zhou, Chen Shou and Chang Qu were successively produced in Sichuan. Qiao Zhou, Zi Ziyun, a native of Xichong County, was a famous figure in Shu during the Three Kingdoms period. After the death of Shu, Zhou Qiaocheng was named the Pavilion Hou of Yangcheng. His main works include Textual Research on Ancient History, Faxun, Biography of Shu, Yizhou Ji, Trilateral Ji and so on. Among them, the ancient history exam is the most famous. It quoted old classics to correct some fallacies in Historical Records and was praised by scholars at that time. Chen Shou, a native of Nanchong, was a famous historian in the Western Jin Dynasty. He is the author of Lu Bu Biography and Zhuge Liang Biography of Shu Xiang. His greatest achievement is to write the 65-volume History of the Three Kingdoms, which is known as "a good history". Chang Qu, a famous historian in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was born in chongzhou city. The History of Huayang is a famous local general history, and its History of Shu is more detailed than the History of the Three Kingdoms. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the most representative cultural achievements in Sichuan were poetry and stone carving. Almost all the famous poets of the Tang Dynasty have been to Sichuan. Beautiful natural scenery, prosperous social economy and colorful folk customs provide the poet with a rich source of creation. Among them, Li Bai, who was born in Sichuan or stayed in Sichuan for a long time, is called "Poet Fairy" and is a native of Jiangyou, Sichuan. He left Sichuan at 24. His poems describing the prosperity of Chengdu and the beautiful scenery of Sichuan mountains and rivers were widely praised among the people of Sichuan for the rest of the year. Du Fu, who is known as a poet, lived in Sichuan twice. Of the 1400 poems he left to later generations, more than 240 were written in Chengdu, and more than 400 were written in Fengjie, accounting for almost half of his poetry collection. And Chen Ziang, a flood shooter that Wu Zetian admired very much. He advocated that poetry should be restored to the "Han and Wei style". The poem Feeling is praised by Li Bai and Du Fu, and The Collection of Chen Boyu is handed down from generation to generation. Xue Tao, a female poet born in Chengdu, won the sympathy and appreciation of the poets in the Tang Dynasty with her legendary life experience and graceful and touching poems, and Yuan Zhen, a famous poet of her time, also sang with her. Besides, famous poets in Tang Dynasty, such as Bai Juyi, Yuan Zhen, Ling Huchu, Pei Du, Du Mu, Liu Yuxi and Zhang Ji, all stayed in Sichuan, leaving many well-known poems. The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of the development of grottoes in Sichuan. Up to now, there are Thousand Buddha Cliffs in Guangyuan, Cliff Stone Carvings in Huangze Temple, South Cave Grottoes in Bazhong, Anyue Stone Carvings, Thousand Buddha Cliffs in Jiajiang and Leshan Giant Buddha. The Song and Yuan Dynasties were also a period when Sichuan cultural celebrities came forth in large numbers. In the history of Song Dynasty, there were as many as 185 Shu people, among whom Su and his son were the most dazzling stars, especially Su Shi, who was called a generation of literary giants. There are several great historians such as Fan Zuyu, Fan Zhen, Li Dao and Fei Zhu in the history circle. The famous historical books, such as Zi Jian, Bian, Xin Tang Shu, Genealogy, Chengdu Chronicle, etc., all condense their lifelong efforts. In the Song Dynasty, there were also outstanding figures in Sichuan, such as painter Wen Tong, physician and mathematician Qin. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, although there were no celebrities like Tang and Song Dynasties in Sichuan, there were also many talents in literature and drama, such as Yang Shen, Li, Li, and so on. Thinkers Tang Zhen and Liu Guangdi; Painters Zhu Chan and Zhao Xi; Scientists Fan and Zhang Zongfa. Today, Sichuan is the scientific research and education base of China. There is the world-famous Xichang Satellite Launch Base, the largest controlled thermonuclear fusion device in China-China Circulator No.1, and the "Silicon Valley" in western China-Mianyang Science and Technology Electronic City. Sichuan has1130,000 scientific and technological personnel, including 36 academicians from China Academy of Sciences and China Academy of Engineering, and the scientific and technological team ranks among the best in China. Chengdu Branch of China Testing Technology Research Institute is the largest advanced metrology and testing institution in western China. China Academy of Engineering Physics, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, China Institute of Gas Vortex Transport and Southwest Institute of Magnetism are important high-tech research institutions in China. In addition, there are more than 200 independent scientific research institutions and more than 6,800 private scientific research institutions in Sichuan. In the research and development of high and new technology, Sichuan has implemented the policy of developing emerging industrial projects and transforming traditional industrial projects simultaneously. At present, the "100 billion project" is being fully implemented, that is, by the end of this century, the output value will be 1000 billion yuan by developing the science and technology industry and promoting the application of scientific and technological achievements in the whole society. At present, education in Sichuan is based on the nine-year compulsory education guaranteed by nearly 50,000 primary schools and more than 4,500 middle schools. Teenagers who account for 10% of Sichuan population can enter schools to receive compulsory education. Adults seeking jobs can also enter more than 50 adult colleges and universities to receive adult higher education. Vocational and technical education carried out by more than 400 vocational schools closely combines education with social and economic development. Among the 42 ordinary institutions of higher learning in the province, there is Sichuan University, the largest institution of higher learning in China, and the famous West China University of Medical Sciences, Southwest Jiaotong University and Chengdu University of Electronic Science and Technology. How to develop western Sichuan? The strategy of developing the western region put forward by China government provides good opportunities for the future economic and social development of Sichuan, but it also faces severe challenges. Sichuan occupies a very important position in the whole country, especially in the western region. It is not only the frontier of China extending from the east to the west, but also an important bridge and link connecting the southwest and northwest of China. Sichuan's economic aggregate plays an important role in the west, but it lags far behind the eastern region. Sichuan is an important ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, but there are many problems in the current ecological environment. Sichuan is also one of the advantageous resource-rich areas in China, and many resources have yet to be developed. Sichuan is also a reliable strategic base for China, with the advantages of high technology and cutting-edge national defense industry. How to give full play to this advantage and promote the great development of Sichuan's economy still has a lot of work to do. According to the development strategy of the central and western regions, the development goals set by the provincial party committee and government in the future 10 are: to build a strong economic province in the west and an ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, to achieve coordinated economic and social development and strive for a new leap. Several strategic indicators are as follows: by 20 10, the proportion of 1, 2/3 industries in the whole province will reach15: 45: 40 from the current 25: 42: 33; The level of urbanization in the province has reached more than 30%; The province's forest coverage rate reached 30%; The natural population growth rate should be controlled within 0.7%; The mileage of expressway in the province has reached 2,000 kilometers; 1, Grade 2 and 3 highways reach 1.3 million kilometers. In 2005, the laying of communication optical cables in the province reached 654.38+10,000 kilometers; The switch capacity is 27 million doors; Fixed telephone users reached190,000; The telephone penetration rate reached 2 1.9%. In order to achieve the above goals, the key points of Sichuan's accelerated development are: 1. Properly promote infrastructure construction: vigorously develop highway-centered transportation infrastructure construction; Accelerate the construction of power grid, gas network, communication network and wireless telephone network; Strengthen the construction of water conservancy infrastructure. 2. Strengthen ecological environment construction. The main tasks are: to do a good job in natural forest protection projects; Conscientiously implement the central project of returning farmland to forests and grasslands; Unswervingly implement comprehensive ecological management; Accelerate the progress of water pollution and air pollution control. 3. Focus on cultivating tourism pillar industries and strive to build a major tourism province. The main tasks are: to further improve the tourism development planning; Improve the conditions of tourism infrastructure; Give play to the leading role of tourism; Effectively improve the management level and service quality of tourism. 4. Vigorously promote the development and utilization of superior resources. Develop water resources and strive for the country to implement the strategies of "transmitting electricity from the west to the east" and "transmitting electricity from the south to the north"; Develop biological resources, do deep processing, and form industrial advantages; Do a good job in the development of natural gas resources and strive to build Sichuan into a national natural gas chemical base; The development of superior mineral resources focuses on the comprehensive utilization of vanadium, titanium and rare earth resources. 5. To further implement the strategic adjustment of industrial structure, the main objectives are: to further adjust the state-owned economic structure; Actively cultivate and expand pillar industries and emerging industries; Accelerate the development of high-tech industries; Adjust and transform traditional industries; Vigorously develop the tertiary industry and accelerate the development of cutting-edge national defense industries.