The concept of green building. In order to achieve a comfortable living and working environment, human beings must acquire and consume natural resources from nature in various ways. However, taking it and not returning it will inevitably cause irreparable damage to the natural environment. Therefore, the contradiction between human taking and returning has become the core issue of green building.
Green building is actually a practical activity: making full use of natural conditions, creating a comfortable environment by artificial means, and strictly controlling and reducing human possession of natural resources. Ensure the dynamic balance between natural demand and return. From this point of view, it can be said that green building is a brand-new design thinking and mode, which pays more attention to the importance of spiritual level in use and cares about the physical and mental health of users in all directions.
The significance of green building. Architects have jumped out of the thinking mode of returning to nature, and it is difficult for people in the city to see the blue sky and bright sunshine. Begin to re-examine the true meaning of architecture from another angle and think about the social responsibility that architecture should bear. Although up to now, there is not enough ideal technology and materials to support the design practice of "green building", it is only an armchair strategist in theory, but its proposal at least points out a beautiful direction for the future development of architecture. The greatest significance of green building is to realize environmental protection and energy saving.
Values of green building. In fact, it is based on the awakening of green humanistic value in the field of architecture. However, it will take a long time for this kind of values to be established from awakening to occupying the mainstream position, so green humanism can only be the driving force for the existence of green buildings in the future. At present, in the period when industrial and post-industrial civilization is dominated by anthropocentrism, the development of green buildings cannot be based only on morality. At this time, economic leverage will play an important role. The economic reason for the survival of green buildings is the saving of operating expenses. This is one of the reasons why "green building" is so difficult on the road of practice. To this end, the state will make some necessary provisions and even legislation on the selection of building materials and the consumption standard per square meter, and increase investment in the research of sustainable technology and the development and utilization of new clean and efficient energy and renewable energy, which will become the main driving force to promote the development of green building movement.
The embodiment of green building in design. The basic principles will not change, mainly in four aspects. First, protect the natural ecological environment, save energy and minimize the damage to the biosphere. Second, consider the living and working environment of users. Third, create conditions for human beings to communicate with the natural environment. Fourth, there should be enough room for flexibility in future development.
Pay attention to and respect the natural environment
Paying attention to the natural environment is the foundation of the existence of green buildings. It is the embodiment of environmental consciousness, which requires architects to adjust their mentality, not only full of creative passion, but also normal mind, correctly realize that architectural works are only a part of the environment, handle the relationship with the environment with humility, and pay more attention to the natural environment. This concern is mainly reflected in:
(1) Fully consider the construction site, including orientation, orientation, layout, utilization of terrain, influence of site climatic conditions and concern for vegetation.
(2) Consideration of energy saving: Building energy consumption is one of the main indirect hazards caused by buildings to nature. How to reduce energy consumption as much as possible and improve efficiency has become an important issue for green buildings.
(3) Utilization of renewable energy: The design should consider using renewable energy as much as possible, such as solar energy utilization, natural cold source (ground source heat pump) utilization, natural lighting, ventilation, temperature and humidity control, etc.
(4) Use local technology and materials as much as possible to reduce the construction cost.
(5) Use pollution-free and renewable environmental protection materials as much as possible.
Give users more care.
As the microenvironment of human daily life, life and office, day after day, year after year, the built environment is directly related to the quality of people's life and work. While paying attention to environmental protection, green buildings should also pay enough attention to users, which is embodied in the following aspects:
(1) Try to create a pleasant temperature and humidity environment by natural methods, and minimize energy consumption while ensuring or even improving its comfort.
(2) Create a good sound environment atmosphere and provide users with a quiet, harmonious and pleasant living and working environment.
(3) Good lighting system, reasonable room depth and pleasant light environment.
(4) The spatial layout is reasonable and the spatial environment is pleasant.
(5) Comprehensive consideration for different users, including care for the disabled and the elderly.
(6) Improve safety and enhance disaster prevention capability.
(7) Perfect communication system allows users to communicate with the outside world conveniently and quickly.
Strengthen communication between users and the natural environment
As a bridge between users and the natural environment, architecture should introduce natural elements to users as much as possible, which is also an important embodiment of the green principle. The buildings here provide people with a new life. The air comes from trees and gardens, not fans and fan coils. The light comes from the sun in the sky, not from all kinds of luminous ceilings and fluorescent tubes; What haunts people's ears is the singing of birds and the flowing of springs, not the roar of ballasts and various motors. People should live and work in such a building, which is more comfortable, healthier and more energetic. Introducing natural elements to strengthen the communication between users and the natural environment is another main goal pursued by green buildings. Its principles should be mainly reflected in the following points:
(1) Improve the natural lighting coefficient as much as possible and establish a high-quality natural lighting system inside and outside the building.
(2) Create a good ventilation and convection environment and establish a natural air circulation system.
(3) Establish a water circulation system to introduce water into some fatigue-prone environments as much as possible.
(4) Establish a three-dimensional and multi-level greening system to purify the microenvironment and improve the microclimate.
(5) Create an open space environment, so that users can get close to the natural environment more conveniently.
There is enough flexible space to meet the future application and development of science and technology.
The concept of sustainable development is a dynamic idea, which is embodied in green buildings, that is, buildings should be flexible enough to adapt to future development. This is reflected in the flexibility requirements of building structures and equipment.
(1) The growth of buildings, including the reserve of foundation, the pre-consideration of floor bearing capacity and the growth reserve of surrounding environment, etc.
(2) The reserved pipeline space includes the development space of water supply, drainage, strong electricity, weak electricity and HVAC.
(3) According to the four basic principles embodied in the above-mentioned green building design, and considering the development status of building science and technology, urban construction should be a model of green building in urban construction, and the starting point of green building should be conceived from the following aspects:
① Deal with the coordination between the building and the surrounding environment, give full consideration to the orientation and topographical features of the building, and attach great importance to the natural environment.
(2) Provide healthy and comfortable working environment for employees working in the building, design a roof garden on the top floor of the building, set up a sun room and introduce vegetation in the enjoyment space of other working floors, and establish a high-quality green working environment and a three-dimensional multi-level greening system.
(3) In order to reduce the waste and consumption of energy, some renewable energy sources are adopted, and a solar absorption board is set on the top floor of the building. On the premise of meeting the specifications and usage requirements, the window area of the wall surface of the solar garden lamp and solar street lamp lighting system is expanded as much as possible, and a good lighting system inside and outside the building is established.
(4) Control the consumption of water resources to the maximum extent, and set up reclaimed water facilities inside the building to treat all kinds of wastewater, and the reclaimed water after treatment is used for flushing toilets and greening irrigation; Pave square bricks with strong water permeability outside the building and collect rainwater in an organized way.
⑤ Use natural cold source (the earth) to set up ground source heat pump, drill a hundred meters tube well in large green space, and establish cold source station to provide cold source for buildings in summer.
⑥ An ice storage system is installed in the building, which reduces the power grid load and installed capacity by using electricity to cut peaks and fill valleys.
⑦ High-performance thermal insulation materials and low-emissivity glass are used for exterior wall maintenance.
As a new product, green building requires environmental protection and energy saving, which is worth exploring, researching and trying. The road is long and hard. With the industrial age marching towards the information age, industrial civilization is changing to green civilization, and sustainable development will become the main theme of today's society. The development of green building theory will lead to the great enrichment of architectural technology and the corresponding development of architectural art creation. Green building will be integrated with its own unique style, diverse architectural forms and ecological environment.
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