Su Shi was born in Meishan, Meizhou. When he was ten years old, his father Su Xun went to four places to study, and his mother Shicheng personally taught him to read. When he hears about success or failure in ancient and modern times, he often focuses on the key points. Cheng was very excited when he read the biography of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Su Shi asked, "If I were Fan Pang, would my mother agree?" Cheng said, "you can be. Can't I be Fan Pang's mother? "
By the time I was twenty, I had learned a lot about history, wrote thousands of words every day, and liked Jia Yi and Lu Zhi's books. Soon after reading Zhuangzi, I sighed and said, "I won't say anything about what happened in the past. Now I see this book, and it is in my heart." Jiayou took the examination of the Ministry of Ritual for two years. At that time, the article was broken and eccentric, and the examiner Ouyang Xiu had to correct the style of writing. When he saw Su Shi's On Punishment and Loyalty, he was very surprised and wanted to make him the first scholar, but he was suspected by his favorite pupil Ceng Gong, so he put it in the second place. In the Spring and Autumn Annals, righteousness is the first, and palace examination is the second. Later, I met Ouyang Xiu with a letter of recommendation. Ouyang Xiu said to Mei Yu Sheng, "I should let this man get ahead." People who heard it began to be dissatisfied, and after a long time, they became convinced of the language.
Mourn for mother. Jiayou five years, transferred to Fuchang main book. Ouyang Xiu recommended him to the Secret Pavilion because he was talented and knowledgeable. In previous exams, people didn't draft six papers, so most of them were not well written. Su Shi began to draft, with a clear distinction between arts and sciences. And written answer systems are included in the third category. Since the early Song Dynasty, only Wu Yu and Su Shi have been included in the third category.
He was appointed as a judge of Fengxiang Building in Dali. Since Yuan Hao's rebellion in Guanzhong, the people are poor and servants are heavy. Nanshan raft is transported to the foot of Qishan every year and enters the Yellow River from Weihe River. Passing through the dangerous place of the pillar, the officials and servants went bankrupt one after another. Su Shi visited the pros and cons, revised the regulations for them, let them choose their own water conservancy projects, and feed or stop the materials on time, and the harm was reduced by half.
In the second year of Zhiping, he entered the DPRK and entered Deng Wen Drum Music School. When he was a vassal, Yingzong heard about his reputation and wanted to call him into imperial academy as an old example of the Tang Dynasty. Han Qi, the prime minister, said: "Su Shi is brilliant and outstanding, and he will naturally take on a great responsibility in the world in the future. If we want to train him in the imperial court, so that all the literati in the world will respect and admire him, and hope that the court will use him and then ask him to use it, then all people will have no objection. Now suddenly reuse him, scholars all over the world may not think this is correct, but it is just enough to make him suffer. Yingzong said, "How about making a note for him? Han Qi said: "Giant giant note is similar to Zhi Zhi patent, so it can't be granted immediately." . It is better to sentence him to a part-time job in the library. Please call for an exam. "Yingzong said," I don't know if he can take the exam. Is there anyone who can't do it? "Han Qi still didn't agree. After trying two compositions, he got the third grade, and he was awarded the position of history museum. Su Shi listened to Han Qi and said, "Han Gong can be said to be a caring and virtuous man. "
After Su Xun's death, the court gave him gold silk. Su Shi declined and asked for an official position for his father, so he was given Guanglucheng. Su Xun is going to die, because his brother Taibai died young, and his descendants have no adults. Sister married Du Shi and come to a bad end, and told Su Shi. Su Shi had already finished the funeral and buried his aunt. Later, senior officials can give the shadow right to future generations and to Su Peng, the great-grandson of Su Taibai.
Xining two years, also the DPRK. When Wang Anshi was in power, he always hated that Su Shi's argument was different from his own. He appointed him as a judge and sued the hospital. In the fourth year of Xining, Wang Anshi wanted to change the imperial examination and set up a school. The emperor sent a letter to the academician and discussed it with officials from Zhi Zhi Patent and History Museum, Zhao Wen Museum and McKee Institute. Su Shi suggested:
The road to success lies in understanding people; The way to understand people is to seek their truth. If both the monarch and the prime minister have the knowledge of knowing people and being good at their duties, and the court has the policy of seeking truth from facts, then there are talents among small officials, not to mention schools and imperial examinations. Even according to the present method, I think there are still talents left. If the monarch and prime minister don't understand people, the court is unrealistic. Even among officials and attendants, they often worry that there are no talents, let alone schools and imperial examinations. Even if the ancient system is restored, I don't think it is enough. As for the feasibility and infeasibility of the times, there is a difference between abandoning politics at any time. It is the right time, no tyrant can be abolished, and no saint can take it back when it is no longer applicable. Therefore, with the change of customs and legal system, such as the diversion of rivers, it is difficult to be effective.
The school was established during the period of Li Qing, and today, there is only an empty name. Now it is necessary to change the current etiquette system and customs, mobilize the people to establish a government, and collect people's property to support scholars studying abroad. A trial prison for officials and teachers will be set up in Baili, Fiona Fang, Fiona Fang. Military issues will be discussed here, and those who disobey education will be selected and deported to distant places. Isn't it futile to create chaos and make the world suffer? As for not making big changes, but hoping to be beneficial to the present, what's the difference between that and the Li Qing era? So I think today's schools can follow the old system, so that the old system of the former dynasty will not be abolished in our generation. As for the imperial examination method, it has been implemented for a hundred years, and the chaos and rise and fall of the country are not determined by it at all. Your majesty, when was the method of imperial examination more refined than today? Words and articles, today is better than when? When did you get more talents than today? What's going on in the world, is today better than when? By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of these four points, the dispute can be solved.
What I want to change now are just a few points: some people say that people who have obtained the township exam value virtue and speak lightly, some people say that they only choose strategies without trying poetry and fu, some people say that they want to seal the king without sealing papers, and some people say that they want candidates not to write some classics and test righteousness. These people only know one thing and don't know another. Please pay attention to distant and important things, and what is the connection between these trivial methods. I am really worried about something. Zigong has never heard of those sayings about the fate of human nature, but now those who study are ashamed of not talking about the fate of human nature, and their articles are beyond measure; Look at the looks of these people, they are superb but have no obvious characteristics to consider. Will it really be like this? Generally speaking, the temperament of the middle class is content with indulgence and happy for grotesque. What does your majesty want with this?
After the memorial was presented, Zong Shen realized, "I had doubts about this matter, but when Su Shi discussed it, the meaning became clear." On the same day, he summoned him and asked, "What are the gains and losses of today's policies and decrees? Even my mistakes can be pointed out. " Su Shi replied: "Your majesty is naturally knowledgeable and versatile, and he is not afraid of ignorance, laziness, and indecision. He is afraid of being too hasty in governance, listening to people too widely, and employing people too quickly. Request to govern the country with silence, and wait for things to appear before dealing with them. " Zongshen was surprised and said, "I should carefully consider your three words." Everyone in the pavilion should think about how to deal with the chaos for me, and don't hide anything. "Su Shi walked down the steps and told his colleagues about it. If Wang Anshi doesn't like it, he has the right to open a government and push officials, and he will be annoyed by affairs. Su Shi's decision-making was accurate and agile, and his reputation spread further. On the Lantern Festival, Kaifeng was ordered to buy Zhejiang lamps and ordered to reduce the price. Su Shi said, "Does your majesty like lamps? This is just flattering the queen mother and the queen mother's laughter. However, it is impossible for ordinary people to buy every house, and they all think that they should give full play to their eyes and ears that are not in urgent need and take away the money needed for food and clothing. This matter is very small, but it matters a lot. It is necessary to ask for it. "The emperor issued a letter to lift this move.
At that time, Wang Anshi created a new law, and Su Shi wrote an article on the disadvantages of the new law, saying:
All I want to say is three sentences. I ask your majesty to safeguard people's hearts, be honest and customs, and maintain public order. Monarchs rely on people's hearts, just like trees have roots: lamps have oil, fish have water, farmers have fields and businessmen have money. It is an inevitable truth that you will die if you lose your job. Since ancient times, it has never been said that harmony with the people is unstable and willful is not dangerous. Your Majesty knows that people are dissatisfied with the new law.
From the ancestors, it was the third division that was in charge of finance. Now, instead of handing over the financial resources to the Third Division, Your Majesty has set up the Law Department of the Third Division for no reason, where six or seven young people study day and night and sent more than forty people out to handle affairs separately. Companies that make three rules are for profit; Six or seven young people and more than forty dispatched officials are all tools for profit. The momentum of nature is great, and the people are really surprised and suspicious; The laws created are novel and officials are confused. As an emperor, he sought economic benefits and managed finance as the Prime Minister of the Emperor. People have made all kinds of comments, and all of them are talking about it. But the court ignored it and said, "I don't have this matter, so why talk about it?" It's like taking a fishing net to rivers and lakes and telling people "I'm not going fishing". It's better to abandon the fishing net and people will naturally believe it. Drive eagles and dogs into the mountains and tell people "I'm not going hunting". It's better to give up eagles and dogs and let wild animals be quiet naturally. Therefore, I think it is better to cancel the establishment of the three divisions if we want to eliminate slanders and create harmony.
Now the monarch and his subjects are busy day and night, and even the time for eating has been delayed for almost a year. However, the success of making the country rich is still at a loss, just like catching shadows. I only heard that the inner government took out millions, and the ancestral department gave orders to more than 5 thousand monks. Who can't use these means to enrich the country? Passers-by all know the difficulty of the work. The water in the Bianhe River is very turbid, so there is no need to grow rice since there are people. Now we want to build a pond to purify the water. We must cultivate rice fields with a pond of 1000 hectares and dredge it once a year. The pond will be full in three years. Your majesty believes that even if you look at the terrain, you will be hollowed out and seek water conservancy, which is arrogant and frivolous. Although the relevant departments know that the method is not suitable and dare not retreat, they still gather local people, old and young, to see if it can be implemented. If it is not obviously difficult to do, it is necessary to start labor temporarily. If the officials are obedient, I really think that your majesty intends to raise the project, waste state property and take away farmers' farming time. As soon as the dike is opened, the water will leave the old river. Even if you eat the meat of the adviser, what can you do for the people! I don't know why the court did this.
People who have served since ancient times must use people from the countryside. Now it is said that several states between Jiangsu and Zhejiang have hired people to take over the service and want to apply this method to the whole world. Single-family households and female households are all poor people born among the people. Your Majesty should treat them first. The emperor has the wealth of the whole world and has no mercy on these people! Since Yang Yan has promulgated two tax laws, and the original rent and agency have been included, why should we force the payment? If future generations are unfortunate enough to have a servant who plunders money, but the money has not been made and the servants are still there, then someone must bear the blame. It used to be forbidden to put money from young crops. Now your majesty has begun to make laws and carry them out as usual every year. Although forced borrowing was not allowed, tyrants and corrupt officials appeared several generations later. Your majesty, can you promise? It is estimated that those households who are willing to apply for young crops money must be lonely, weak, poor and unable to live. There is an urgent need to urge them with flogging, and then they will run away. If people don't come back, they will apportion their neighbors and guarantors. This is inevitable. In the future, everyone will hate this matter, and the National History Society will record that "young crops begin with your majesty". Isn't it a pity! Besides, the ordinary method is already excellent. Now it's time to turn it into a young crop law. If we break that kind of legislation, we will lose more, and the loss-making government will hurt the people, although we regret it!
In the past, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty used the method of businessman Sang Hongyang to buy goods when they were cheap and sell them when they were expensive, which was called lose-lose. At that time, merchants stopped selling, and thieves became more rampant, which almost led to chaos. Filial piety Zhao acceded to the throne, Huo Guang complied with the popular will to cancel the winning and losing method, and the world returned to the center without chaos. Unexpectedly, this theory of Sang Hongyang has risen again today. At the beginning of legislation, a lot of money has been spent. Even if there is a little profit, the business tax that can be levied will inevitably suffer a lot. For example, someone drives cattle for his master and trades one cow for five sheep. If you lose a cow, you hide it; Get five sheep, but it means credit. What's the difference between destroying Changping Law and saying that Young Crop Law has made great contributions, harmed business tax and gained the benefits of both sides? I think this is wrong. People who talk about it will definitely say, "People like to see success, but it is difficult to start." Therefore, regardless of public opinion, your majesty insists on artificial law and must implement it. This is the saying that in the Warring States period, the greedy people took risks and wanted to succeed by luck. Before things were successful, resentment had already risen. That's why we want your majesty to safeguard the people's hearts.
The reason for the survival of a country lies in the shallowness of morality, not in its strength; The reason for the length of dynasties lies in the thickness of customs, not in the rich and the poor. If the monarch knew this, he would know the seriousness of the matter. So I hope your majesty will advocate morality and make customs honest, and I don't want your majesty to be eager for success and insatiable. Cherish customs. Like protecting your vitality. Sages know that strict laws can make people Qi Xin, brave people can accomplish things, honest people are almost pedantic, and mature people seem to be slow. But the reason why I have always refused to replace these people with those people is because I know that I will gain less and lose more. Renzong is extremely lenient in law enforcement, methodical in employing people, considerate of people's faults, and never easily changes old laws and regulations. If you check your achievements, you can say that it may not be perfect. In terms of using troops, ten times of sending troops failed nine times; As far as the national treasury is concerned, it can only spend, and there is no surplus. However, kindness is in people's hearts, and customs are generally polite and righteous, so when he died, everyone in the world turned to his kindness. Seeing that most of the officials in his later years were stuck in the rut and didn't cheer up, the speaker wanted to correct them with harsh inspection, rectify them with wisdom and ability, and attract a new group of enterprising people in order to achieve all quick results. The benefits have not yet been received, and the custom of thinning has been formed. Sudden promotion has opened many doors, which has unexpected benefits. One small step can step into the position of ministers' attendants, making it difficult for people who are promoted by routine to expect it all their lives. They want to be honest, how can they get it? In recent years, there are fewer and fewer simple people, and more and more people take advantage of them. Please be merciful, take simplicity as the law of governing the country, take purity as the heart of governing the country, and take people's morality as integrity. So I hope your majesty can be honest and upright.
Ancestors appointed censors and lecturers and never punished speakers. Even if there is a small punishment, it is quickly put on the shelf, so that they can hit whatever they hear, no matter what officials are involved. When it comes to the emperor, the emperor must listen seriously; About the imperial court, the prime minister has to wait and deal with it. Naturally, censors and exhorters are not all smart people, and what they say is not necessarily right. However, it is futile to empower them by cultivating their courage to speak boldly. Is to use them to eliminate the danger of treacherous court officials. Now that the law is strict and the court is clear, it is absolutely unreasonable to have so-called treacherous court officials. But cats are raised to destroy mice, and cats that don't catch mice can't be raised just because there are no mice; Dogs are kept to prevent thieves. You can't have a barking dog just because there are no thieves. Can your majesty not think about the intention of ancestors to set up this office, but think about future generations? I listened to the elders' comments, and they all said that what the suggestion officer said often followed the public opinion of the world. If it is discussed and approved by the public, the proposal officer also agrees; What was discussed and criticized by the public was also criticized by the suggestion officer. Now public opinion is boiling, and all kinds of complaints are everywhere. We will know where to discuss it. I'm afraid from now on, the habit has become the norm, and everyone personally speaks for the ruling minister, so that the monarch is isolated. Once law and order are abolished, nothing will happen! So I hope your majesty will maintain law and order.
Su Shi saw that Wang Anshi assisted Zongshen in handling affairs arbitrarily, so he asked a question when he asked the Jinshi for advice. The topic is "Sima Yan succeeded because of arbitrariness, Fu Jian died because of arbitrariness, was in charge of everything, and Yan failed because of his full-time son. Things are the same, but the effect is the opposite. " Wang Anshi was furious and asked Xie, an imperial envoy, to talk about his mistakes. He was too poor to review and got nothing. Su Shi asked for a post in a different place and was awarded to Hangzhou. North Korea came to pay tribute, and messengers distributed gifts to officials. The date on the envelope was written by Jiazi. Su Shi refused, saying, "How can I accept South Korea's submission to North Korea instead of our title?" The messenger changed the letter to Xining and accepted it.
At that time, new laws were promulgated one after another At this time, Su Shi often tried his best to make these laws beneficial to the people and make them peaceful. Change it to Michigan. Sinong Temple adopts the method of self-declaration of property, and does not execute it immediately, which is regarded as a violation of imperial edicts. Su Shi said to the magistrate, "If the crime of violating the imperial edict comes from the imperial court, who dares not obey it?" Now we are out of Sinong Temple, which is a decree made without authorization. "The official said in surprise," you should implement the new law slowly. "Soon, the court knew that this method was harmful to the people and revoked it.
A robber committed a crime, and the appeasement department sent three classes of military attaché s to lead the arrogant and fierce team to catch it. The team is violent and rampant. As for framing people for hiding forbidden things in the palace, they entered people's homes to fight and kill people, but they fled in fear of sin and prepared to make a big scene. Everyone hurried to tell Su Shi that Su Shi threw the complaint on the ground and said, "Never do this." The escaped soldier was a little relieved when he heard about it. Su Shi slowly sent someone to lure them out and kill them.
It is well known that it was transferred to Xuzhou. The Yellow River burst in Caocun, flooded to Liangshanpo, flowed into Nanqinghe River, and gathered at the gates of Xuzhou. If the water rises and is not discharged in time, the city walls will be soaked in mud, and the rich will struggle to escape from the city. Su Shi said: "The rich come out and the people shake. Who am I guarding the city with? " I am here, and the water must not collapse the wall. "Drive the rich back to the city. Su Shi went to see Wu and said to him, "The river will destroy the city walls. It is urgent. Although you are forbidden, please help me. " The head of the pawn said, "If the prefect doesn't avoid the flood, we villains will be pawned. "Lead the team to go out with dustpans and shovels, and build a southeast causeway, starting from the circus building and reaching the city wall. It rained for a day and a night, but only three versions of the city wall were not submerged. Su Shi lives on the levee and doesn't go in when he passes by the door. He sent officials to defend in sections and finally saved the city. He also asked the workers in the year of invention to build the old city and build a bank with wood to prevent water from coming again. The court agreed with him.
Please transfer to Huzhou, thank you. And because some things are not good for the people, they dare not say it, and satirize it with poetry in order to benefit the country and the people. Yushi, Shuzhi and He copied the words in their chapters and tables, and extended the postscript that their poems slandered the emperor, and they were arrested in Yushitai prison and wanted to be sentenced to death. Luo Zhi will not be convicted for a long time. Zongshen pitied him and put him and Huangzhou Yingyong together forever. Su Shi and the old farmer lived together in the valley of Shan Ye, and built houses in Dongpo, calling themselves "Dongpo lay people". .
In the third year of Yuanfeng, Zongshen tried to use Su Shi several times, but was often stopped by the authorities. Zong Shen once said to Prime Ministers Wang Jue and Cai Que: "National history is extremely important, and Su Shi can do it." Wang Jue said with a full face of reluctance: "If Su Shi can't do it, let's use Ceng Gong." Ceng Gong put forward the general theory of Mao, and Zongshen was not satisfied with it. He wrote the imperial edict in calligraphy and let Su Shi move to Ruzhou. He once said, "Su Shi's condemnation is to reflect on his mistakes outside. After a few years, he has a deeper understanding, and talents are really rare. He can't bear to abandon them for a lifetime. " Su Shi didn't come to Ruzhou and wrote that he was hungry and cold. He has land in Changzhou and is willing to live there. Play in the morning. Answer at night. 、
When Su Shi passed by Jinling, he met Wang Anshi and said, "Large-scale military operations and large-scale imprisonment are the harbingers of the demise of the Han and Tang Dynasties. The ancestors ruled the world with kindness and are about to change. There are wars in summer now, and year after year, there are many big prisons in the southeast. Didn't you take a sentence to remedy it alone? " Wang Anshi said, "These two things were initiated by Lv Huiqing. How dare I say that Wang Anshi is in the field? " Su Shi said: "It is the usual etiquette to serve the monarch to speak in the imperial court and not to speak elsewhere. The emperor is not usually polite to you. Can you treat the emperor with courtesy? " Wang Anshi snapped, "I, Wang Anshi, want to talk." He added, "The words came from my mouth, Wang Anshi. Pass it on to your ears. " He also said: "People should know that doing an unjust thing and killing an innocent person is a good person even if the whole world can't do it." Su Shi joked: "Now gentlemen are striving to reduce the grinding period for half a year, even if they kill people." Wang Anshi smiled and said nothing.
When Su Shi arrived in Changzhou, Zongshen died, and Zhezong acceded to the throne, and he was named as a doctor of the Ministry of Rites, and he was appointed as the Lang Feng of the DPRK. Su Shi once befriended Sima Guang and Zhang Dun. At that time, Sima Guang was appointed assistant minister, and Zhang Dun was appointed special envoy of Tang Dynasty. The two men disagreed. Zhang Dun often embarrassed Sima Guang by teasing and insulting him, and Sima Guang was very upset. Su Shi said to Zhang Dun, "Sima Junshi is very famous now. In the past, Xu Jing was despised by the masters of ancient Shu because of his bad reputation. Fa Zheng said,' Xu Jing's notoriety will spread all over the world, and if you don't treat him with courtesy, you will be regarded as looking down on the sages.' The late Lord accepted it, so he took Xu Jing as Stuart. Xu Jing can't wait, let alone Sima junshi. "Zhang Dun thinks this is correct, so Sima Guang got a little peace.
Be promoted to the living room. Su Shi was taken advantage of from his worries. He didn't want to suddenly climb the mountain and look far away, and refused Prime Minister Cai Que. Cai Que said, "You have been lingering for a long time, and there is nothing more suitable than you in the imperial court." Su Shi said: "lin xi and I used to be in the museum together. He is old." Cai Que said, "Is Lin Xi really going to be used before you?" Finally, no, in the first year of Yuan You, Su Shi entered the Imperial Palace with seven official uniforms, gave him a silver princess, and was promoted to the position of Sheren in Zhongshu.
At first, the officer law was implemented for a long time, and there were disadvantages. The people acted as unfamiliar corvees and abused corvees, which led to bankruptcy. Even people in villages with few people can't rest all the year round. Wang Anshi assisted the Sect and changed it to the exemption law, so that every household paid for services according to grades, and law enforcers often demanded too much, which became a disaster for the people. As a prime minister, Sima Guang knows the harm of the exemption law, but he doesn't know its benefits. He wants to restore the servant law and send officials to establish institutions. Su Shi is also among the candidates. Su Shi said: "Officials and teachers have their own advantages and disadvantages. The harm of exemption is to deprive people of their money, leaving ten rooms and nine vacant rooms. The money goes to the upper level and the lower level is short of money. The harm of being an official is that people often serve the government and can't concentrate on agriculture, while corrupt officials use power for personal gain. These two hazards are roughly equal. " Sima Guang said, "What do you say?" Su Shi said: "If there are laws to follow, things will be easy to succeed, and if things are done step by step, people will not be frightened." Three generations of law, the integration of soldiers and farmers, began to split in two in Qin dynasty, and in the middle of Tang dynasty, all officers and men were transferred to the rank of long-term workers. From then on, the people knew nothing about the military and the soldiers knew nothing about agriculture. Farmers took out food and silk to feed their soldiers, who gave their lives to protect them. Everyone thinks it's good. Even if the saint comes again, it will not change. The current exemption law is indeed like this. You should immediately abolish the exemption law and implement the servant law, just as it is not easy to abolish the army that has been fighting for a long time and restore the unity between the army and the people. "Sima guang didn't agree. Su Shi also stated his views in the government affairs hall, and Sima Guang was very angry. Su Shi said: "Once upon a time, the Duke of Han and Wei wanted to stab Shaanxi. You are an admonisher, and the argument is fierce. If Duke Wei of Han Dynasty is unhappy, you don't care. I've heard you talk about it in detail before. You are the prime minister today, can't I speak freely? " Sima Guang smiled. Soon, he was appointed president of the Hanlin Academy.
Stone.
Yuan You worked as a part-time student for two years. Every time I read about the rise and fall of rebellion, the integrity of evil and the gains and losses of state affairs in front of the emperor, I often enlighten him repeatedly, hoping to inspire the emperor. Although Zhezong was respectful and silent, he often promised. After reading the "admonitions" of ancestors, Su Shi said one by one: "Today, rewards and punishments are unknown, and good does not encourage evil and is not prohibited; The Yellow River flows north, but it is forced to flow east. Xixia broke into the town army and killed tens of thousands of people, but the commander did not report it. Everything is like this, and I am afraid that it will gradually become the beginning of decline. "
Su Shi used to lock the door in the palace and stay overnight. He was called into the toilet to see the queen mother and the emperor. After Ren Xuan, he asked, "What did you do the year before last?" Su Shi said: "I am the deputy ambassador of Changzhou Yong Lian." He asked again, "What are you doing now?" A: "I am now a bachelor of Hanlin." He asked again, "How could this happen suddenly?" A: "When you meet Empress Dowager Cixi and Her Majesty." The queen mother said, "No". Su Shi said, "Is it recommended by the minister?" Said, "Not really." Su Shi said in surprise: "Although I have no conduct, I dare not make progress in other aspects." The queen mother said, "This is what my late emperor meant. Every time the first emperor read your article, he would sigh and say,' Wizard! Wizard! "I just don't have time to use you. "Su Shi unconsciously cried out loud, Hou Hezhe also cried, and everyone around him was moved to tears. After a while, he ordered Su Shi to sit down and make tea for him, took down the golden lotus candle in front of the emperor and sent Su Shi back to the Hanlin Academy.
Yuan You three years, the right to know does not pay tribute. Just as it was snowing and freezing, the scholars sat in the yard, shivering and speechless. Su Shi relaxed their ban so that they could give full play to it. Eunuchs who patrol the examination room often insult candidates and seize some ambiguous words and frame them as crimes. Su Shi summoned all these eunuchs and expelled them. In the past four years, I have accumulated some comments on political affairs, and I have been hated by those in power. Su Shi is afraid of not being tolerated by them. Request to transfer to other places to be a well-known bachelor in Longtuge and Hangzhou. Before he left, the remonstrator said that former Prime Minister Cai was appointed as the magistrate of Anzhou, and wrote poems to satirize the Empress Dowager through Hao Chujun. Ministers suggested that he be exiled to Lingnan. Su Shi said in the secret play: "If the court really punishes Cai lightly, it is not enough for the emperor to rule the world with filial piety;" No matter how heavy the punishment is, it is not enough for Empress Dowager Cixi to be benevolent. I think the emperor should write to arrest and punish him, and Empress Dowager Cixi will begin to forgive him, so that Renxiao will be pawned. "After Ren Xuan, he thought Su Shi's words were too good to be implemented. When Su Shi went to worship heaven, the court used the old example of the former ruling minister and sent eunuchs to give him dragon tea and silver boxes, which was very generous. When Su Shi arrived in Hangzhou, he met with drought, famine and plague. Su Shi asked the court to exempt one third of the rice provided on this road and send a message to the shaved monks in exchange for rice to help the hungry. The following spring, we sold the rice in the regular warehouse at a reduced price, made a lot of porridge and medicine, and sent people to take doctors to the streets to treat diseases, saving many people. Su Shi said: "Hangzhou is an important place for land and water transportation, and more people died of the epidemic than anywhere else." "So he overcharged, two thousand silks, and took out fifty taels of gold from his pocket, built a healing place, and saved a little money to guard against epidemics.
Hangzhou used to be near the sea, and the local springs were salty and bitter, with few residents. Li Mi, the secretariat of the Tang Dynasty, first took water from the West Lake and drilled six wells. People used enough water. Bai Juyi also dredged the water from the West Lake into the canal, from which it flowed into the fields and irrigated 1000 hectares of fields, so the people became rich. There are many roots in the lake. From the Tang Dynasty to Qianjia, drainage was carried out every year. After the founding of the People's Republic of China in the Song Dynasty, it stopped, and the roots of Zizania latifolia piled up into fields, leaving little water. The loss of canal benefits, relying on tidal water in the river for water supply, ships running in the city, and sediment in tidal water, has become a once-in-three disaster for the people, and six wells are almost abandoned. Su Shi saw that a river in Maoshan was specially used to receive tides in the river, and a river built with a bridge was specially used to receive lake water, so he dredged two rivers for shipping. A dam gate was built as a hub for storing and discharging lake water, so that the tide in the river no longer flows into the city. With the remaining strength, six wells were restored, the roots of Zizania latifolia were piled in the lake, and a 30-mile-long embankment was built for traffic. Water chestnut of Wudi race is often uprooted in spring. Don't leave anything. Su Shi also raised people to grow diamonds in the lake; Therefore, the roots of Zizania latifolia will not grow. Collect its profits for repairing the lake, and take out the remaining money from the famine relief, food and the shaving monk book required by 100 to recruit workers. After the dike was completed, hibiscus mutabilis and willow trees were planted on the dike, which looked like a painting. Hangzhou people call it Su Gong Dike.
Jingyuan, a monk in Hangzhou, used to live by the sea, associate with foreign businessmen and go to Korea by boat. People all praise Jingyuan. In the last years of Yuanfeng, Wang Ziyi of North Korea paid tribute to him and visited Jingyuan. By this time Jingyuan was dead, and his apprentice took his portrait away privately and posted it on the boat to tell the Koreans. Yitian also sent his men to Jingyuan to pay homage, so he asked them to bring two golden pagodas of their home country, saying that they wished the queen mother and the emperor a long life. Su Shi refused to accept it, saying, "Han Jiu didn't come to pay tribute and lost his generous reward. She had intended to pay tribute to the DPRK, but she couldn't guess how well we treated them, so she celebrated her birthday by paying homage to the dead monk. If you don't answer, there will be resentment; Their plan is to get rich rewards. Now we should leave them alone and let county officials reject them for their own reasons. Those vulgar monks and cunning businessmen have brought trouble to the country, which is irresistible and should be punished painfully. " The court obeyed him. Soon, the tribute messenger arrived as scheduled. As usual, the envoys went to seven states in wuyue and spent more than 24,000 yuan. Su Shi ordered the states to cut provinces appropriately, so that the people could benefit from trade and there would be no more harassment.
The tide of Qiantang River rises from Haimen in the east, with lightning and thunder, while Fushan stands in the middle of the river, crisscrossing Yupu Mountains, and the tide rotates and flows back and forth, and public and private ships are destroyed every year. Su Shi suggested that there is a place called Shimen from the upper reaches of Qiantang River, and dig a canal along the mountain to the east to bring the water of Qiantang River and the water of various valleys into the river for more than 20 miles. The embankment is built on the mountain, and it takes less than ten miles to reach Shandapu, Daryun, and winds from the north of Pupu to the hill. People think that it is very good to dig 65 feet of mountains to reach the ancient river channel in Lingdong and dredge several miles of canals in the ancient river channel to reach Longshan to avoid the danger of floating mountains. The plan was played, and people who hated Su Shi tried their best to obstruct it, so things failed.
Su Shi also said: "The water of the Three Wu Dynasties gathers in Taihu Lake, and the water of Taihu Lake flows into Songjiang and into the sea. The sea rises twice a day, and the tidal water is turbid and the Songjiang water is clear. The tidal water often silts up the river, while the water in the river is clear and often washes away the sediment at any time, so Haikou is always open and Wudi rarely floods. In the past, to the east of Suzhou, public and private boats sailed with shoulder poles, and no one used people to pull fibers on land. Since Li Qing, Songjiang has built a fiber-pulling road, and the long bridge has blocked the circulation of the river. So now there is a flood in Sanwu, and I want to make a hole in the road to build a bridge to pull the optical fiber and speed up the flow of the river. " Also failed to achieve, was cited as hate. Su Shi's two visits to Hangzhou in the past 20 years have made great contributions to the people. Every family has his portrait, and everyone wants to bless him when eating and drinking. A shrine was built to repay him.
Yuan You six years, called official department ministers, not to. Because his brother Su Zhe was appointed as the right minister of Shangshu, he was appointed as an imperial envoy. Su Zhe resigned from Youcheng and wanted to be a squire with his brother, but was rejected by the court. Su Shi stayed in the Hanlin Academy for several months, and because there were slanderers asking for a transfer, he took the stay of the bachelor Longtuge as well-known in Yingzhou. Prior to this, there were many floods in Kaifeng County. Without studying the whole situation, officials decided to open the vicious ponds and lakes there and let them flow into Huimin River, which could not accommodate them, resulting in many floods in Chen Zhou. It is also necessary to cut Deng Aigou and Yinghe River in parallel, and cut the yellow pile to let the water flow into the Huaihe River. When Su Shi first arrived in Yingzhou, he sent officials to measure the terrain with a leveling instrument and found that the rising water level of Huaihe River was nearly ten feet higher than that of Xingou. If the yellow pile is dug, the Huaihe River will flow to Yingzhou area and become a disaster. Su Shi wrote to the court, and the court adopted his opinion. ......