According to the Constitution of the United States, the United States is a federal country with "separation of legislative, judicial and administrative powers". Congress exercises legislative power, the government headed by the President exercises executive power, and the courts exercise judicial power. Congress is the highest legislative body of the Federation, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives, which is held every two years. 1789 held the first congress, and now it is11sub-congress. The United States will enjoy the following rights:
1, legislative power.
Congress passes legislation, approves the government's annual budget and appropriation, approves its important domestic and foreign policies such as taxation, trade, conscription, finance, and approves treaties and agreements concluded by the government and the president with foreign governments and international institutions, and decides war and peace.
Before Congress amends the Constitution, it must be proposed by more than two-thirds of the members of the House and Senate. Constitutional amendments must be approved by 3/4 state legislatures or state constitutional assemblies before implementation. Congress also has the power to propose, consider and pass a large number of resolutions that do not require the president's signature.
2. supervision.
Congress supervises the work of the federal government in internal affairs, diplomacy and personnel according to law; Hold hearings regularly or irregularly, summon officials from various departments of the federal government to testify, introduce the situation or answer questions from members of parliament, and provide reports required by Congress; Investigate the illegal and dereliction of duty of administrative and judicial departments and put forward suggestions on punishment. It is worth noting that the president of the United States is elected by voters rather than Congress, so the president is not responsible to Congress. Although the government led by the president is restricted by Congress, it is not led by Congress and is not responsible to Congress. The government is only responsible to the president, and the president is only responsible to the voters. Congress has no right to overthrow the cabinet. Therefore, the supervision power of Congress is smaller than that of parliamentary countries such as Britain.
3. Personnel rights.
The president's appointment of chief government officials and diplomatic envoys abroad, such as judges, judges and cabinet members, must be approved by the Senate. The relevant committees of the Senate shall hear, debate and vote on the presidential nomination, and then submit it to the Senate General Assembly for voting.
After each presidential election, if less than half of the electors are the president and vice president, the president and vice president shall be elected by members of the House of Representatives and the Senate. If both the President and the Vice-President are removed from office, die, resign or lose the ability to perform their duties, the Congress will decide to act as President through legislation until the President regains the ability to perform his duties or elects a new President. If the post of vice president is vacant, the candidate shall be nominated by the President and approved by the National Assembly and the Senate by a majority vote.
4. Impeachment right.
Congress can impeach the president, vice president, senior administrative officials and federal court judges if they are accused of treason, bribery or other felony.
The power to introduce impeachment cases belongs to the House of Representatives. The procedure is that several members report the case and then form a Committee to investigate and collect evidence. If the impeachment basis is established, the Committee drafts an impeachment resolution and submits it to the House of Representatives for deliberation. With the consent of more than half of the members present, an impeachment case may be proposed.
Senate trial. The trial procedure is the same as the criminal procedure. When trying ordinary civil servants, the vice president (who is also the speaker of the Senate) is the chairman; When trying the president, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court serves as the chairman to prevent Congress from arbitrarily disposing of the president. At the trial, impeachment cases are tried one by one and voted, and the verdict is guilty or not guilty. No guilty verdict shall be made without the consent of more than two thirds of the members present.
Congress can also reprimand and reprimand the misdemeanors, dereliction of duty and dereliction of duty committed by the above-mentioned officials.
In the United States, from 1789 to 1998, a total of 16 people were impeached by the House of Representatives and tried by the Senate, including two presidents (1868 andrew johnson and 1998 william clinton) and 1 cabinet ministers (defense ministers). Only seven of them (all judges) were convicted and dismissed from public office, while the remaining nine were acquitted because the charges against them could not be established.
Second, the composition and responsibilities of the US Congress:
According to the Constitution of the United States and the rules of procedure of the Congress and the Senate, the leading body of the Congress consists of the Speaker of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the Provisional Speaker of the Senate, the majority leaders and supervisors of the two houses, and the minority leaders and supervisors. The chairmen of the Democratic Party caucus, the * * * and the Party Congress, the bipartisan policy committees and the campaign committees of the two houses of Congress are not formal members of the leadership of the Congress, but they participate in the leadership of the Congress as competent leaders within the Party.
1, Speaker of the Senate.
According to the constitution of the United States, the speaker of the Senate also serves as the vice president. When he is absent or exercises the presidency, the Senate elects a temporary speaker or designates any senator to preside over the Senate meeting. According to the political system of the U.S. Congress, unless the Senate and the House of Representatives hold a joint meeting to listen to the President's State of the Union address or the visiting foreign heads of state or government make a speech to the Senate and House of Representatives, or in order to break the deadlock in voting (that is, when the affirmative vote is equal to the negative vote, the Vice President will cast a decisive vote), the Vice President will not come to the Senate to attend the meeting.
2. Speaker of the House of Representatives.
According to the US Constitution, the Speaker of the House of Representatives is elected by all members of the House of Representatives. Although there is no specific provision in the US Constitution, the Speaker of the House of Representatives is generally the leader of the congressional political party who won the general election or mid-term election, and is elected by all members of the House of Representatives at the opening meeting of each Congress. The Speaker of the House of Representatives is the leader of the House of Representatives and the leader of the majority party, representing the Congress.
The Speaker of the House of Representatives is a real power figure with real power. His term of office is the same as that of the National Assembly, and he can be re-elected. According to the rules of procedure of the House of Representatives, the Speaker of the House of Representatives has 12 powers, such as calling meetings and adjourning meetings, maintaining meeting order and controlling meeting facilities, allowing and canceling speeches, formulating and implementing legislative plans, appointing chairmen and members of special (ad hoc) committees, joint committees and joint committees, and authorizing members, assistants and officials to travel abroad and at home. The Speaker of the House of Representatives ranks third in the country, second only to the Vice President.
3. Provisional Speaker of the Senate.
According to the US Constitution, when the Vice President and the Speaker of the Senate are absent from the Senate meeting, the temporary Speaker of the Senate will be elected. According to the rules of procedure of the United States Senate, an interim Speaker of the Senate is elected at the opening meeting of each Congress to exercise the powers of the Speaker of the Senate. The temporary speaker of the Senate is generally the most senior and longest-serving senator among the majority of members of the Senate.
The temporary speaker of the Senate is a dummy post with no real power. His term of office is the same as that of the National Assembly, and he can be re-elected. Its main duties are to preside over meetings, debate and vote on various bills. Usually, the President of the Provisional Senate will designate someone else to chair the meeting. After the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the Provisional Speaker of the Senate is the fourth person in the country.
4. Senate Majority Leader.
The leader of the Senate Majority is the highest-ranking member of the Senate Majority. He was elected by his party group (Congress) before the opening of each Congress, representing the interests of his party internally and the interests of the Senate externally. Majority leaders should cooperate with minority leaders to reach an agreement on meeting schedules, agenda arrangements, debates and voting on various bills, and cooperate with the chairman and chief members of the Senate Committee to advance the legislative process.
5. Senate Minority Leader.
The leader of the Senate minority is the highest-ranking member of the Senate minority. He was elected by his party group (Congress) before the opening of each Congress to represent the interests of the Senate minority. Its main duty is to maintain the unity of the party, enhance cohesion and advance the party's legislative agenda.
6. Supervision of the Senate Majority and Minority.
Supervisors of the majority and minority parties in the Senate are elected by their own party member before each session of Congress. Its main task is to ensure that members of our party vote in accordance with the party's line and principles, and to suggest that party leaders punish those members who do not vote as required.
7. Majority Leader of the House of Representatives.
The majority leader of the House of Representatives is second only to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and is elected by the party group (Congress) before the opening of each Congress. Maintain close relations with the Speaker of the House of Representatives to achieve the Party's goals, and be responsible for submitting various bills to the General Assembly of the whole hospital for deliberation and voting, and arranging legislative plans. At the same time, monitor the progress of the general assembly of the whole hospital, especially the movements of minority parties.
8. Minority Leader of the House of Representatives.
Minority leaders in the House of Representatives are elected by their own party groups (congresses) before the opening of each congress to represent their own interests. Its main duty is to represent the minority parties in the House of Representatives, lead the party members to safeguard the rights and interests of the minority parties, formulate effective strategies, and influence the legislative process of the House of Representatives to the maximum extent. Have the right to decide to arrange a few party member to serve as the chairman and members of various committees.
9. Supervision of the majority and minority parties in the House of Representatives.
The supervisors of the majority and minority parties in the House of Representatives are elected by the members of their own party before the opening of each session of Congress. They are responsible for uploading and distributing various bills and issues, liaising and communicating between the party leaders and members, ensuring that they vote in accordance with the party's line and principles, and suggesting that the party leaders punish members who fail to vote as required.