Rong Rui (? —749), a native of Mino (present-day Gifu County), was a monk of Jiafu Temple in Nara. In the 21st year of Tang Kaiyuan (733), with the Japanese ambassador to Tang Dynasty, the real Dan Yong entered the Tang Dynasty and was ordained as a monk from Dafuxian Temple in Luoyang, Henan Province. Study abroad for three years. In the first year of Tang Tianbao (742), he wanted to return to China with Pu Zhao, and went to Yangzhou to ask monk Jian Zhen to preach in Japan. Tianbao two to three years, two years * * * four times to the east. In June of the seventh year of Tianbao (748), for the fifth time, the ship sailed out of Yangzhou, passed through the Yangtze River estuary, was hit by a hurricane and drifted to Hainan Island. In the autumn of that year, he entered Duanzhou, Guangdong via Wuzhou, Guangxi. Arrived in Duanzhou (now Zhaoqing City), stayed in longxing temple, Dinghushan, fell ill in the spring of the eighth year of Tianbao (749) and died in longxing temple, Dinghushan.
Rong Rui memorabilia
In order to commemorate this master, 1963, a "Rong Rui Master Monument" was built opposite Xiang Jie Bridge in Dinghushan. On the back of the tablet is Zhao Puchu, then vice chairman of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and president of the Chinese Buddhist Association, who wrote "Praise for Master Rong Rui".
1984 Japan's gifu friendship delegation planted a tree during its visit to China. The inscription is "Master Rong Rui showed the gifu friendship delegation to China to plant trees in commemoration, written in April 1984." On the left side of the pavilion in front of the Rong Rui Master Monument, there is an inscription entitled "Memorabilia of the Japanese monk Rong Rui". The full text is as follows:
Memorabilia of Japanese monk Rong Rui
Rong Rui, Japanese Mino, Nara monk, was born unknown. In 733 AD (the 21st year of Tang Kaiyuan), together with Pu Zhao, Dan Yong, an envoy to Tang Dynasty, was appointed as a guest of Luoyang from Daxianfu Temple and stayed in Luoyang for three years.
In the winter of 742 (the first year of Tianbao), he returned home with Pu Zhao, said Yangzhou, visited Jian Zhen in daming temple, and begged Jian Zhen to preach.
In the spring of 743 (the second year of Tianbao), the first eastward crossing plan was frustrated.
In the winter of the same year, I officially crossed to the east. The ship reached the sea, drifted to Ningbo with the wind and was rescued. It was the second failure to follow Jian Zhen to Asoka Temple in Ningbo (a lot of articles were prepared on this trip, and all of them suffered losses).
In 744 (the third year of Tianbao), Rong Rui was accused of "luring Jian Zhen to Japan" and was arrested in Shaoxing. He was confined for several months and released due to illness, which was the third setback.
In the same year, he went south from Ningbo with Jian Zhen and planned to fly from Fuzhou to China Eastern Airlines. Jian Zhen was arrested by officials when he went to Huangyan because of his disciple's informer, and was taken back to Yangzhou (Rong Ruipu took photos and went to Anqing). The plan failed. This is for the fourth setback.
In 748 (the seventh year of Tianbao), Rong Rui and Pu Zhao visited Jian Zhen again. Please take the fifth trip to the East. Jian Zhen kept its original ambition and let it develop. In June, I set out by boat, went down the river and was blown to Hainan Island by the wind. From then on, Jian Zhen and his party entered Guangdong via Guangxi, fell ill in Duanzhou and died in Duanzhou longxing temple. Jian Zhen and Pu Zhao left after losing their jobs. Rong Rui has been in the Tang Dynasty for sixteen years, but his other deeds are unknown.
Written by the Committee commemorating the1200th anniversary of the death of monk Jian Zhen. Reconstruction of Xinghu Management Office in Zhaoqing. Qin Jisheng calligraphy stone. 1June, 979.
Rong Rui Monument Pavilion
1963 On the occasion of Rong Rui's death, Duanzhou people erected a monument to commemorate it. The tablet is written by Duanzhou inkstone and inscribed by Zhao Puchu, President of the Chinese Buddhist Association. On the front, the inscription is engraved with "Master Rong Rui, a monk studying in Japan"; on the front, the inscription "Master Rong Rui, a monk studying in Japan in the Tang Dynasty" and "A.D. 1963" are engraved; on the back, the inscription is engraved with "Ode to Master Rong Rui". In A.D. 1980, when Jia Xuanxiang, a monk from Jian Zhen, returned to China, he built an additional stele pavilion. The pavilion, with gray tile columns, the four corners of the pavilion wings are stretched with animal faces, and the pavilion ridges are opposite. It is a reinforced concrete pavilion-style building imitating daming temple in Yangzhou in the Tang Dynasty, and the pavilion decoration pattern is the Japanese national flower-tassel flower. Rongrui North Court is located at 37 northeast, facing Meinong (now Gifu County), the hometown of Rong Rui. The completion of the pavilion reflects the long-standing friendship between China and Japan in cultural exchanges.
Master Rong Rui praised.
Correctly correct Rong Rui and stand out from the East.
Fall in love with the sky and wish to live in a long house.
Ten years of Tang soil, firm and determined.
Legalists' sincere feelings shocked everyone.
Lick flies repeatedly, and then lick caves.
Give your life halfway, and you will be a distant party.
Fine form, fragrant mountains and rivers.
The torch of wisdom flows eastward, and life is not humiliating.
Make contributions to two countries, and you will be brave and prosperous.
Encourage my descendants to pursue the former.
According to reports, in February of 1963, the Monument to Master Rong Rui was completed and unveiled in Dinghushan, and the monks of Qingyun Temple and Japanese monks jointly held a Buddhist ceremony and chanting activities.
1980, Xianben and his party from Tangzhaoti Temple in Nara, Japan made a special trip to Dinghushan to pay tribute to the Rong Rui Monument. Elder Morimoto also wrote an impromptu inscription in the guest room of Qingyun Temple and presented it to Qingyun Temple as a souvenir.
1984 65438+In February, a kind delegation from Gifu visited Qingyun Temple and paid homage to the Rong Rui Monument.
1986 In February, Zhao Puchu, Vice Chairman of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and President of Chinese Buddhist Association, inspected Qingyun Temple. To commemorate Sino-Japanese Buddhist cultural exchanges in history and promote Sino-Japanese friendship, the Rong Rui Memorial Hall was built at the end of 1988, and the plaque was inscribed by President Zhao Puchu and hung in the museum.
1988 In May, the Rong Rui Memorial Hall of Qingyun Temple was completed and unveiled. More than 30 Japanese friendly representatives from Gifu County attended the unveiling ceremony.
On April 1992 and 15, Master Rong Rui of the Japan-China Friendship Association in Gifu, Japan paid a friendly visit to China and went to Qingyun Temple in Dinghushan to celebrate Master Rong Rui's contribution to Sino-Japanese friendship, and presented Qingyun Temple with a banner of "Clouds are long and water is long", and Qingyun Temple returned a couplet: "Mountains and rivers are foreign, the sun and the moon are the same day, friendship.
1996 165438+1October16, the first anniversary of the statue of Rong Rui, a Japanese monk, added luster to his hometown. A delegation led by Gan Fushan, president of Japan-China Friendship Association in Gifu Prefecture, Japan 19 people went to Qingyun Temple to worship Buddha. The monks of Qingyun Temple held a Buddhist ceremony for them in Rong Rui Memorial Hall.
Why did the Japanese insist on inviting Jian Zhen to the East?
Jian Zhen (687~763), a monk in the Tang Dynasty in China, was a descendant of Nan Shanzong, the founder of Japanese Buddhism, and a famous physician. The common surname is Chunyu, a native of Jiangyang County, Yangzhou (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu). In his later years, invited by a Japanese monk, he traveled eastward to preach Dharma, ventured into trouble, became blind, and finally arrived in Nara. He has made great historical achievements in spreading Buddhism and flourishing Tang culture.
At that time, Japan invited the eminent monks of the Tang Dynasty to spread Buddhism eastward, mainly to solve the problem of lax discipline of Japanese monks. Japanese folk generally take the form of voluntary oath to become a monk, and their understanding of the precepts is also varied. In other words, anyone can declare himself a monk if he wants, and he has no discipline, so he is too comfortable to live the life he should live. At that time, Japanese officials and people admired Buddhism very much, but they felt that they could not trust such casual monks. Therefore, strict precepts were created to regulate the requirements of monks through precepts.
Most monks have to go through the ceremony of being ordained, but the content of being ordained varies greatly from faction to faction. The five precepts, eight precepts and ten precepts are generally accepted by monks, and the most stringent Mahayana Buddhism requires monks to accept 250 precepts, which are called "sufficient precepts". Only monks who have been ordained by themselves can be ordained by other monks. This strict discipline was unknown in Japan at that time, so I decided to hire a monk in China. Jian Zhen is different from other monks who go to Japan. He is a monk who has really received the "foot precept". Before going to Japan, he was ordained by 40,000 monks, making him an ideal target for Japan.
Among the schools of Buddhism in Japan today, most of them do not exclude eating meat and getting married. Jian Zhen founded the Tang and Zhao Temple, and the monks in Luzong Temple are still the only Japanese monks who strictly abide by the precepts except Lin Yizong altar. This is a great legacy left by Jian Zhen to the Japanese Buddhist community.
Why did Jian Zhen become more determined to spread Buddhism in the East after five failures?
Japanese monks Rong Rui and Pu Zhao came to China to study Buddhism and urged Jian Zhen to preach in Japan. Jian Zhen readily agreed, and overcame various difficulties and succeeded six times. In the 12th year of Tianbao (753), he arrived in Japan with Buddhist scriptures, tools and images. At this time, Jian Zhen was blind, but he still tried to popularize Buddhism, spread China culture and impart medical knowledge with his rich experience, especially the spices and medicines he brought. So far, Zhao Ti Temple in Nara and Zhengcang Hospital in Todasi Temple still have their remains. Try to cure the Queen of Light and Emperor Shengwu. Japan once awarded the titles of "Big Monk Capital" and "Big Monk", and the Japanese people praised him as "Master Crossing the Sea". His works include blade master's Secret Recipe, but it has not been circulated.
In the first year of Tianbao (742), Japanese monks Rong Rui and Zhao Pu were entrusted by the Japanese Buddhist community and government to give lectures in Japan, and Jian Zhen readily agreed. From that year to the seventh year of Tianbao, they led many people to the east five times, but they all failed because of unfavorable weather and personnel. Especially for the fifth time, it was attacked by bad winds and wild waves, and drifted at sea for 14 days, and finally drifted to Zhou Zhen (now Ya 'an County) in Hainan Island. On the way back to Duanzhou, Japanese disciple Rong Rui died and Jian Zhen mourned. Coupled with the hot weather, he suddenly suffered from eye diseases, leading to blindness. However, his ambition to spread Buddhism eastward became stronger and stronger and never wavered.
In Shaozhou, he resigned as usual. When he left, Jian Zhen swore that he would not go to Japan. This is not what I want. "After the Tomb of Dayu, Xiang Yan, the great disciple of Jian Zhen, sat down in Jizhou (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi) and was very sad. Then Jian Zhen passed Lushan Mountain, Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) and Jiangning County, Runzhou (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) and returned to Yangzhou. The fifth eastward crossing is over.
For the sixth time in the twelfth year of Tianbao, he finally arrived in Kyushu, Japan, and in February of the following year, he arrived in Hirai Well (now Nara). Jian Zhen was warmly welcomed by the Japanese ruling and opposition parties. Announce the award of the Bodhisattva Ring to Japanese emperors, empresses, princes and others; Awarded or awarded to more than 440 people such as Shami; Give new commandments to the old commandments of 80 monasteries. Only in Japan can there be formal legal succession. Jian Zhen is regarded as the ancestor of Japanese legalists. He and his disciples adopted the most advanced technology in the Tang Dynasty in architecture, statues and murals, which added luster to the formation of artistic climax in the Japanese Tian Ping era. For example, the Zhao Ti buildings in the Tang Dynasty were masterpieces left by Jian Zhen and his disciples. The whole structure and decoration reflect the characteristics of the Tang Dynasty architecture, which is the largest and most beautiful building in the Japanese Tian Ping era.