Most of the time in the Tang Dynasty was in troubled times. In the words of the Song Dynasty, "Where there was so little rule in the Tang Dynasty, there were so many chaotic days. I have been in the public security for a long time for decades. " In the words of the Ming Dynasty: "Since the reign of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, the rebels were trapped in the elbow nest, and the chaos began more than 20 years after Kaiyuan." Most of the Song Dynasty ruled the world. In the words of the Yuan Dynasty, "since Jingdezhen, there has been nothing in all directions, the people are happy, the household registration is prosperous, and the fields are growing day by day." In the words of the Ming Dynasty: "Song Fuqiang, as far as today (Ming)." How big is the gap between Tang and Song Dynasties? It is the gap between troubled times and governing the world.
There were more than 50 million people at the peak of the Tang Dynasty and more than 1 100 million people at the peak of the Song Dynasty. Even in the Southern Song Dynasty, the population was more than that of the Tang Dynasty10 million. Therefore, the Song people declared: "Since the people's livelihood, those who can help the children have not enjoyed the prosperity of the Great Song Dynasty." How big is the gap between Tang and Song Dynasties? It is the gap of 1: 2.
At the peak of the Tang Dynasty, there were only 17 cities with a population of more than170,000. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, there were 52 cities with a population of more than 65,438+10,000. How big is the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? It is the difference between 17 and 52.
The cities in the Tang Dynasty were "closed" and the cities in the Song Dynasty were "integrated". "House" is a residential area, and "city" refers to a commercial area. The residential and commercial areas in the Tang Dynasty were closed, and the time and place of commercial activities were restricted. In Song Dynasty, both residential areas and commercial areas were open, and the time and place of commercial activities were not limited. Shops were not allowed to be set up along the street in the Tang Dynasty, and the commercial activities in Chang 'an and Luoyang, the capital, were limited to two small markets, the East Market and the West Market. Kaifeng, the capital of song dynasty, "there are teahouses, restaurants, noodle shops, fruits, colorful silks, wool, incense sticks, oil sauce, rice, fish, fish and wax." . Building a house in a brokerage market is often more than just a storefront, and it is convenient to buy and eat. "How big is the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? Is the gap between closed and open.
In the Tang Dynasty, commercial housing was not allowed to be high-rise, and only palaces and royal mansions were high. In the Song Dynasty, commercial houses could be built very high, and private restaurants were so high that they could see the inside of the palace. In the Tang Dynasty, Chang 'an was "like a hundred chess, and Twelve Streets were like a vegetable garden." In the Northern Song Dynasty, the capital of song dynasty was "the buildings are closely connected and the tolerance is not great." In the Southern Song Dynasty, Lin 'an was a "house with high eaves" and a "castle peak building". How big is the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? Is the gap between low rigidity and high-rise buildings.
Cities in the Tang Dynasty were quiet and dark at night, while cities in the Song Dynasty were noisy and brilliant at night. Song Cheng is a city of light in the dark. Cities in the Song Dynasty were cities where commerce surged day and night. Always adhere to the "city people operate day and night, and recycle goods to sell hundreds of things to support the countryside." Therefore, the commercial torrent and economic prosperity and progress in the Song Dynasty never stopped even in the dark. How big is the gap between Tang and Song Dynasties? It is the gap between 12 hour and 24 hours a day, the gap between darkness and tranquility, and the gap between light and noise.
From Zhenguan to Tianbao in the Tang Dynasty, it took 100 years to increase the cultivated land area by more than 2 million hectares. It took more than forty years from Kaibao to Tianxi in Song Dynasty to increase the cultivated land area by more than two million hectares. As far as the development efficiency of agricultural cultivated land area is concerned, the Song Dynasty is 2. Five times that of the Tang Dynasty. How big is the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? This is the difference between 2 and 5.
The highest cultivated land area in Tang Dynasty was about 6.2 million hectares, and that in Song Dynasty was about 5.24 million hectares. The rulers of the Tang Dynasty were smaller than those of the Song Dynasty. One mu in Tang Dynasty is about 0.783 mu today, and one mu in Song Dynasty is about 0.974 mu today. Converted into this acre, the cultivated land area in the Tang Dynasty was more than 4.85 million hectares, and that in the Song Dynasty was more than 5 1 10000 hectares. The phenomenon of hidden fields existed in both Tang and Song Dynasties, especially in Song Dynasty. The highest estimated cultivated land area in Tang Dynasty was 600 million mu, and that in Song Dynasty was 800 million mu. How big is the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? This is the difference between 6 and 8.
The average yield per mu in Tang Dynasty was about 1.5 stone, and that in Song Dynasty was about 2 stone. The average mu in Song Dynasty was 30% higher than that in Tang Dynasty. How big is the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? Is the difference between 1.5 and 2. Cultivated land was planted once a year in the Tang Dynasty, with a maximum yield of 2 stones per mu. There were two kinds of cultivated land in Song Dynasty, and even three or four kinds in some places. The highest yield per mu is 6 to 7 stones. In the Tang Dynasty, wine-making was often banned because of grain consumption, but in the Song Dynasty, on the contrary, the Song government encouraged wine-making. This just shows the prosperity and development of agriculture in Song Dynasty. How big is the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? This is the difference between 2 and 7.
9 1 important water conservancy projects in the Tang Dynasty achieved remarkable results, and at least 496 important water conservancy projects in the Song Dynasty achieved remarkable results. The development and utilization of territory in Song Dynasty was much greater than that in Tang Dynasty. In the words of Song people: "People who have never set foot in the past are now fertile soil." How big is the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? Is the difference between 9 1 and 496.
The Tang Dynasty was a small-scale peasant economy society, and the Song Dynasty was a commodity economy society. The Tang Dynasty was based on "agriculture", which was an agricultural economy with agriculture as the main part, and agricultural tax was the basis of national taxation. "Industry and commerce benefit the country" in Song Dynasty is a commercial economy dominated by commerce, and commercial tax is the basis of national taxation. Therefore, the Song people said: "The state and county finances, except private rent, all rely on commercial taxes." How big is the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? It is the gap between small-scale peasant economy society and commodity economy.
The highest annual monetary income in the Tang Dynasty was12 million yuan in Tang Daizong in 779 AD (the 14th year of Dali). The highest monetary income in Song Dynasty was 80 million yuan (AD 1206) in Song Ningzong (the second year of Kathy's reign). The highest annual monetary income in the Tang Dynasty was obtained by the Tang government in order to solve its financial difficulties. Most of them are salt taxes, which can be sold to a barrel in 370 yuan. Before the reform, the financial and monetary income of the Tang Dynasty was only 4 million yuan. Even so, the difference between the two is nearly 7 times. How big is the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? It is the difference between 1200 and 8000.
The highest income of silk in Tang Dynasty was 7.4 million, and that of fine silk in Song Dynasty was 24.45 million. This is just a tax. If the output is calculated, the gap will be even greater. The quality of silk in the Tang Dynasty is far from that in the Song Dynasty. "Tang silks are thick and thick, and Song silks are thin and thin." How big is the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? Is the difference between 740 and 2445. Is the gap between thick and thin.
The highest number of coins minted in the Tang Dynasty was 327,000 yuan, which was higher than that of Xuanzong in the Tang Dynasty. The highest annual coinage in Song Dynasty was 5.06 million copper coins and 880,000 iron coins in Song Shenzong. The difference between them is nearly 20 times. How big is the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? This is the difference between 30 and 500. This does not include the paper money issued and circulated by the Song government. Moreover, a large number of gold and silver also entered the field of commodity circulation in the Song Dynasty. A country's currency circulation represents its economic level and strength. Copper coin is a full-value currency, and its own value exceeds its face value. If the difference in one year is more than 10 times, how many times is the difference between ten years and one hundred years? How big is the gap between Tang and Song Dynasties? How big is the gap between the economic aggregates of the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? It is more than 1000 times the total amount of full-price money.
There are more than 140 industries in the capital of Tang Dynasty, and more than 440 industries in the capital of Song Dynasty. In Kaifeng, Song Shenzong, there are more than 6,400 large and medium-sized businessmen and 8,000 or 9,000 vendors. In the Southern Song Dynasty, there were "people's wealth, people's streets and shops everywhere outside Hangzhou, which lasted for days." The degree of diversification, refinement and systematization of industrial structure in Song Dynasty far exceeded that of cities in Tang Dynasty. The value created by every emerging industry in Song Dynasty is more difficult to estimate than that in Tang Dynasty. The emergence of every emerging industry shows the vigorous development of the Song Dynasty. The value created by each emerging industry is also immeasurable and powerful. For example, the emerging private printing industry in the Song Dynasty reprinted a large number of books and bought them in countries such as Liao, North Korea and Japan. Song merchants exchanged knowledge and technology for a lot of profits in the Song Dynasty. There was no private printing industry in the Tang Dynasty, let alone export to earn foreign exchange. How big is the gap between Tang and Song Dynasties? It is the difference between 140 and 440. Is the difference between 0 and 300.
In the Tang dynasty, only thirty or forty people were admitted to the imperial examination every year. In the Song Dynasty, as many as five or six hundred people graduated from the Imperial Examination every year. How big is the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? Is the gap between 30 and 500 per year. In the south, taking Fuzhou, Fujian as an example, there were only 36 Jinshi in the Tang Dynasty in 223 years, while there were 1339 Jinshi in the Song Dynasty in 202. How big is the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? It is the difference between 36 and 1339. Therefore, the Song people proudly declared: "The ancients in the south of the Yangtze River could not be on an equal footing with the Middle-earth. Song was destined by heaven, and the last seven Fujian, two Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and East were all crowned with poetry books, and Weng Ran was the best in the world. " During the 200-odd years of the Tang Dynasty, only 3,000 people passed the imperial examinations. More than 300 years ago, in the Song Dynasty, 10 million people were admitted to the imperial examination. How big is the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? The gap between 3000 and 100000.
In the Tang Dynasty, most of the Yangtze River valley in the south was backward and barbarian, so the south written by the literati in the Tang Dynasty was actually a "smoky land", "barbarian land" and "foreign country" with bad environment. From the beginning to the end of the Tang Dynasty, there was no city in the south of the Yangtze River basin with a population of more than one million. In the Song Dynasty, Hangzhou, Suzhou and Chengdu in the south of the Yangtze River valley were all mega-cities with a population of over one million. How big is the gap between Tang and Song Dynasties? It is the difference between "evil in the south", "poisonous from Nanjiang" and "Suzhou and Shanghai are familiar with each other, and the world is enough" and "there is heaven above and Suzhou and Hangzhou below". It is the gap between backwardness, poverty and wealth.
The handmaiden in the Tang Dynasty was "worse than animals", and the handmaiden in the Song Dynasty was "recruiting good people". Tenants and handmaiden in Tang Dynasty were slaves, while tenants and handmaiden in Song Dynasty were human beings. The serfs in the Tang Dynasty were bought and sold in the market like donkeys. "handmaiden bitch, similar to animal products" "buy handmaiden, horse, cow, mule, donkey and so on. And set the market coupons in order. " They have no human freedom, only the owner's private property. "handmaiden, a part of her body is tied to the Lord", "handmaiden and wealth are the same, and they are punished by the Lord together." They will never turn over and will always be slaves. Tenants in the Song Dynasty had personal freedom. "Those who don't want to farm will just leave their fields for rent." They can also become landlords, businessmen, generals and officials through their own efforts. How big is the gap between Tang and Song Dynasties? It is the gap between livestock and good people, and the gap between slaves and people.
The bigger gap between Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty is the gap between people. Printing in the Tang Dynasty was only used to print Buddhist scriptures, not books to spread cultural knowledge. Therefore, there were many illiterates and few literati in the Tang Dynasty. Printing was widely used to spread knowledge and promote culture in Song Dynasty. Therefore, it was easier for China people to learn in the Song Dynasty. So there are relatively few illiterates. Song people proudly said: "In Song San's hundred years, tablet computers have become a market, tablet computers are all over the world, and secrets are kept by people. Before the Han dynasty, there was no pain in the ears, and before the Tang dynasty, there was no diligence in hand-copying. How lucky readers are to get twice the result with half the effort. " The Tang Dynasty was a non-learning society, while the Song Dynasty was a learning society. "For fathers and brothers, it is their fault that their sons and brothers can't read; If you are a mother and wife, it is a shame for your son and husband not to study. " "In today's homes of agriculture, industry and commerce, there is no one who abandons the old and becomes a scholar." China people in Song Dynasty are more cultured, educated, connotative and interesting than China people in Tang Dynasty. More elegant, more romantic, more humorous and more patriotic. In the words of French sinologist Cheyenne, "/kloc-China people in the third century seem to be more sentimental and romantic than their ancestors. /kloc-China people in the 0/3rd century also showed some curiosity and broadened their horizons, which were not available in previous centuries. Their free lifestyle will surprise their ancestors in the Tang Dynasty. Because of their modesty, courtesy, sense of humor, interest in social life and art of conversation, they have become the most exquisite and educated personality types in the history of Chinese civilization. From the history of their daily lives, we get the overall impression that they can naturally restrain themselves and their lives are full of joy and charm. "
The biggest gap between Tang and Song is the gap of civilization, the strength of civilization. Although the prosperous Tang Dynasty was big, it maintained the policy of "Li Tang inherited Yu Wentai's customs-oriented", and the focus of the whole country was in the northwest corner. In the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, China had to adopt passive political strategies to maintain the status quo in Northeast China. "Although the Southern Song Dynasty was small, it laid a foundation for" the culture of China with the Southern Song Dynasty as the leader and Jiangsu and Zhejiang as the focus ". "Tang gradually turned China into barbarians, and Song gradually turned barbarians into China. Before the mid-Tang Dynasty, the western regions, Hebei, Longyou and Shandong, which were the inherent territory of China's traditional civilization, were brutally ravaged. The Song Dynasty has always ruled the world with a powerful civilized force, and invaded barbarians all over the world with comprehensive national strength such as economy, culture, politics, science and technology, art and craft. Liao, Nuzhen, Xixia, Tubo, Uighur, Dali, Korea and Japan were all conquered by Song civilization. The vast territory left by Mongols to China was the price of being conquered by Song civilization.
The mining, porcelain-making, textile, shipbuilding, paper-making, printing, military, finance, catering, tea, sugar, wine-making, construction, salt, culture and entertainment industries in Song Dynasty were far ahead of those in Tang Dynasty. The gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty in many places is not a little bit, not a few times, but a dozen times, or even a hundred times a thousand times. Song Dynasty is an era of revolution, rapid development and big bang. What is revolution, such as steel revolution, fuel revolution, printing revolution, urban revolution, agricultural revolution, commercial revolution, financial revolution and porcelain revolution? Revolution is innovation, revolution is great change and revolution is qualitative change. The gap between Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty is not only quantitative, but qualitative. Therefore, the Japanese literary historian Naito Hunan believes: "The Tang Dynasty was the end of the Middle Ages in China, and the Song Dynasty was the beginning of modern China." How big is the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? Is the gap between ancient and modern.