Li Ke, the prince of the Tang Dynasty, was doomed to his tragic fate from the moment he was born. The life experience of the royal family not only did not make him live a rich life for the rest of his life, but made him die young and ill-fated and become the saddest prince in the history of the Tang Dynasty.
Li Ke, the son of Li Shimin of Emperor Taizong and the princess of Sui Dynasty, was not only the prince of Tang Dynasty, but also the grandson of the former dynasty. He inherited the blood of two emperors and witnessed the rise and fall of two dynasties. It is true that Li Ke is "good at riding and shooting, and has a talent for civil and military affairs", and "Emperor Taizong often claimed to be a kind of self, with a high reputation, and wanted to be a prince" (Old Tang Book). The biography of Taizong philosopher), but Li Ke has an unchangeable blood relationship. His mother is Yang Di's daughter, and he will never get rid of the shadow of the Sui Dynasty. The officials of the imperial court were all heroes of the Tang Dynasty. Although this is not a historical necessity, it is a historical choice. No matter which dynasty, it is impossible to tolerate a prince with former dynasty blood to become Chu Jun, even if he is the best, blending two generations of royal blood. This son of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, who is most like Emperor Taizong, came to power, only once again uncovered the old scars and new grievances between the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
The blood relationship is tangled, and those heroes have played another trump card. According to the feudal etiquette system before Sui and Tang Dynasties, the king set up a private post instead of the survival of the fittest. Minister Chu Suiliang remonstrated, saying, "In the past, saints saluted and respected. However, although the illegitimate child loves, he must never surpass the scorpion and must respect him. " Although he launched the change of Xuanwu Gate, abolished Li and forced Li Yuanchan to return to his place, he did not dare to go beyond the patriarchal clan system. Therefore, only the eldest grandchildren Li Chenggan, Lee Tae and Li Zhi are eligible to inherit the throne. No matter how good Li Ke is, he can't get rid of the background of concubines, and he can only look at the throne depressed.
However, with the wisdom and courage of Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin, why didn't he know that the choice of heir was related to national security? Why can't you tell a few princes apart? As a matter of fact, Ke Li's life experience and identity are not high-sounding reasons in Li Shimin's eyes at all, but Li Shimin does have some fears and worries. He is afraid of the opposite of Li Ke-the gentry. The ruling class based on the gentry group dominated the state power in the Tang Dynasty, and the eldest grandson family appeared Sun Chang Wuji and the eldest grandson queen who assisted the court for more than 30 years, becoming a great force to defend the eldest son's inheritance right under the pretext of feudal ethics. Touching the interests of these people or groups will definitely affect the stability and inheritance of Li Jiangshan. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong who ascended the throne through the change of Xuanwu Gate, broke the feudal etiquette system and disguised himself as a feudal guardian, trying to avoid the cruel fact of killing his brothers and sisters again. Therefore, although Li Shimin was heroic, he dared not make fun of the regime easily. Therefore, Li Shimin can only get angry with Sun Chang Wuji: "Does the public repay evil for good?"
When portraying the characters of Li Ke, the TV series interprets his ambition, talent, wisdom and resolute action, but it also highlights the characteristics of Li Ke's quick success and reckless behavior, and even draws a false picture of his rape of the crown princess. It seems that only such a lack of personality can explain why Li Ke can't take over the imperial power. But no one is perfect. Compared with Li Shimin's killing his brother, Li Zhi's cutting off his father's concubines and Li Longji's taking away his daughter-in-law, Li Ke's fault makes the characters plump and lovely, which makes people want to hate. As far as ingenuity is concerned, Li Ke is far superior to Prince Cheng Gan; As far as knowledge is concerned, he is not inferior to Wang Wei and Lee Tae; As far as courage is concerned, he is even better than Li Zhi, the king of Jin Dynasty. He is outstanding, but he can't escape the control of fate. If he is as mediocre as other princes, he may die a fair death and be an imperial clan with nothing to do all his life. However, fame, Excellence and pride are destined to be the finale of life. Therefore, after the death of Emperor Taizong, Sun Chang Wuji killed Li Ke under the pretext of "rebellion case", "to live up to expectations and avenge his family". Li Ke hanged himself at the age of 34 and became the saddest prince in the Tang Dynasty for 300 years.
In fact, Li Ke's sorrow lies not in his peculiar life experience and complicated background, but in his arrogance of giving up choice, and not in his detachment from the blending of the essence of heaven and earth. The root of the problem lies in the pedantry and stubbornness of the feudal dynasty for thousands of years. In Li Shimin, the supreme defender of the feudal system, weighing the pros and cons, abandoned Britain and chose mediocrity. Whether he wants to obey feudal etiquette, establish a prince as an official, or achieve political balance, it is ultimately to safeguard the interests of the gentry doctors. Therefore, it may be a wise choice to establish Li Zhi instead of Li Ke at that time, but it is the biggest regret in history. Mao Zedong commented on this: "Li Ke is a hero, Li Zhi is a rotten product, and listening to Sun Chang's promise can be described as a wise life and a moment of confusion." Unfortunately, history cannot repeat itself, and future generations can only lament the injustice of a talent.
The struggle for the throne of Li Ke's generation was not as thrilling as that of Lao Zi's generation. If Li Ke is more ambitious and simply launches another Xuanwu Gate incident, the history of the Tang Dynasty will be rewritten. Perhaps there would not be the only female emperor in China's history, there would not be the famous Kaiyuan flourishing age, there would not be an Anshi rebellion, and everything might have a better development and a worse ending. However, there are not so many assumptions in history. "Man proposes, God disposes." After all, Li Ke failed to ascend to the throne through a battle like his father.
Li Ke, the sad king who lost his wealth and the legendary prince, is destined to sigh "the sorrow of the prosperous Tang Dynasty" when we recall the Tang Dynasty.
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[Related historical materials]
new history of the tang dynasty
The first King of Changsha and Russia entered the Han Dynasty. In the second year of Zhenguan, he moved to Shu and sealed Yue and Yan. For a long time, no country was the ruler of qi zhou. The emperor said to the left and right,' I don't want to be ordinary? However, I have already made a decision to make the outside a screen. After I was a hundred years old, my brothers stopped worrying about danger. "Ten years, Wu Wang, and wei, qi, shu, jiang, yue, ji six kings moved. Awarded to the Governor of Anzhou. The emperor gave a book saying, "You are only a close relative and considerate, so you are loyal to the royal family. You control things with righteousness and your heart with courtesy. I am a monarch and a minister outside, and a father and son inside. Now I should kneel down and leave you words, not your treasures. What a great idea! "Sit on a breast, check the viceroy, broken three hundred households. Emperor Gaozong acceded to the throne, worshiping Sikong and Liangzhou. But he is good at riding and shooting, and he has literary talent and military talent. His mother, the daughter of Emperor Yang Di, looks aloof and is the direction of China and foreign countries. At the beginning, the emperor took the king of Jin as his prince, but he wanted to gain a foothold. Sun Chang Wuji fought hard, and the emperor said, "Do you want to do evil yourself? "Besides, I am an English fruit. If I protect my uncle, I don't know. " Mowgli said, "The King of Jin is kind and talented, but he who hesitates will lose. What is the situation? " The emperor is the only one. Therefore, it is often evil. In the eternal emblem, Fang Yi loves rebellion, which is why he is the best in the world. When he died, he shouted: "The country has spirit, but it is unscrupulous, and the nation is extinct!" Ren, Wei, Kun and Xuan are four sons, and they are in parallel. In the fifth year of Xianqing, chasing the feudal temple, Hejian Wang He was elected as Hou Yisi of Yulin County. At the beginning of the dragon, it was given as a gift and reburied. In Guangfu, when people forgive, they will be proud of their sins. Therefore, they must attack the duke of Yulin and drive it to Yuezhou to become the duke of Jue County. Try to make Jiang Zuo, Zhou Zuo Jin, and refuse to enter. The marquis of Wu said, "My son, my home is thousands of miles away." Renamed Trinidad. Since God-given, the sages of the imperial clan have cut down many plants, but they are only thousands of miles apart, avoiding counting things other than Fu Rui. Anyway, Zhongzong made Wang Gai. After a while, I entered the city. During the festival, Prince Wu Sansi was punished, and Li Li's father and son Tianshui Wang Qian led dozens of people to cut the right and delay the entrance. The prince was defeated, killed and changed his surname from home. Rui Lizong, Zhao Huan's surname and rank. Wei flea pawn, Zhongzong chased Lang Lingwang. Yu Zixuan, later the King of Shu. During the Kaiyuan period, the king of Guanghan County was changed from Xunguo to Guanghan County, and the official of Taifu moved.
Old Tang book
Wu, the third son of Emperor Taizong. In the third year of Wude, he appointed Shu Wang and Yizhou secretariat as a young official. Ten years later, the prince of Wu was moved. 12 years, awarded the secretariat of Anzhou. When he was about to leave office, Taizong wrote a decree: "I take your appearance as a symbol to show that all countries are right." As you are close to home, you can only send it to the screen. You can think of the way of bridge and catalpa and the virtue of kindness and harmony. Use righteousness to control things, use courtesy to control the heart, and be cautious. In this way, the rocks will be consolidated and the city will be protected forever. Loyal to the monarch and ministers outside, filial to the father and son inside, be self-motivated and renew yourself. You violated your knee, and you feel sorry for what you did. If I want you to play, you are arrogant and presumptuous. So, I call this court training. "The emperor acceded to the throne, worship sikong and liangzhou. But mother, the daughter of Emperor Yang Di. But there are also civil and military talents, which Taizong often called self-class. Since it is famous, it is very desirable. Sun Chang Wuji, who supported the emperor, was deeply jealous. In the emblem of Yonghui, the meeting room loves rebellion, so it was condemned because of the incident and wronged at home in order to disappoint the public. There are four sons: Ren, Wei, Kun and Xuan. They live side by side on the mountain.
I want to make Feng Ke king of Yulin and build a temple. He was also appointed as Hou of Yulin County. In the first year of Yongchang, Xiangzhou granted the secretariat. I didn't know about national affairs, and later I changed my name to Li Qian. After the godsend, it experienced five countries: Tang, Lu, Xu, Wei and Pu. At that time, if the royal kings had good expectations, they would surely see the slaughter, but they were so impetuous and incompetent that they offered Fu Rui in plural, so China survived. In Chang 'an for three years, he served as an ambassador for appeasement and attack in Lingnan, and moved to General Jin Wu. At the beginning of ZTE, he became the king, worshipped General Sajingo, took charge of Yizhou, and posthumously gave his father a gift. In three years, he also led the Guangzhou viceroy and the five governments to appease the ambassador. During the festival, Prince Wu Sansi was punished, and thousands of miles away with his son, Tianshui led dozens of people, swinging the right door, killing Sansi Party, Zongchuke and Jichune. The prince was defeated, and Qian Li and Xi were sentenced to death, but they still lost their homes and changed their names to Fu Shi. Zong Rui acceded to the throne and said, "Therefore, General Sargent Gewei is the king, who has traveled thousands of miles to protect the country and benefit the people and achieved loyalty and righteousness. He is willing to get rid of ugliness and turn over to punish foreigners. It is a deep sorrow to be silent forever. It is advisable to restore the old classes, add new favorites and return the old officials. "Make a compound surname again.
Wu Wangke, the third son of Emperor Taizong, liked it very much. -"Book house Yuan Gui low volume 266 does imperial clan? Appearance? Material art
So does Wu's mother and her daughter. But good at riding and shooting, Taizong especially loved it. Chenggan was abolished and Gaozong was made a prince. He wanted to make a difference. Wuji remonstrated, saying, "Wang Renhou of Jin is good at writing articles. The former philosopher warned of indecision. Storage location is the most important, so how easy is it? " Emperor Taizong said, "That's what I mean. I can't object. I have no regrets. " Reason is inconsistent with mowgli. Emperor Gaozong ascended the throne, loved me, rebelled against Ukraine, and was pushed by Wuji. I hope to get rid of love and attract you. Mowgli had a gap with Ke, so he died. Before he died, he cursed: "Sun Chang has no promise to steal power and harm the good. If the clan society still has spirit, it should be seen that its clan is extinct! " As he said, soon. -"Datang Xinyu". Cold resistance 27 inches
Always be with your son.
When the king of Wu met Taizong, the other party and others said, "I've always wanted to leave a place for my son. But the meanings of family affairs and state affairs are also different. I want my children and grandchildren to follow me from generation to generation. I don't want it. I support the emperor's father today, which is different from private life, in order to appease the world and not let the emperor worry. Filial piety is also the filial piety of the emperor. " Gong said to him: "I heard that there are three kinds of filial piety: filial piety, followed by humiliation, and the next one can be raised." Today, your majesty has made a name for himself, rich in the world and proud of China and Antai. This is filial piety, which is not the same as filial piety. And the Lord of the four seas, if he is with his children and grandchildren, isn't it a policy to protect the roots and consolidate the foundation, and is it better than Shu Ren? -"Wei Zhenggong's remonstration"
Zhenguan seven years, was named governor. Emperor Taizong said to his courtiers, "Father and son love each other, don't you want to see each other often?" But things at home are special, so we need to make a screen. And let him have a fixed point, never covet. A hundred years later, I will save his brother from danger. "-"Zhenguan dignitaries. Princes will rank ninth. "
In the second year of Zhenguan, Gao Jifu, a calligrapher in China, said,' I secretly met the secret Wang Yuanxiao and others, all of whom are close relatives of Yi, and your majesty gave me clothes and clothes. According to etiquette, he must be looking forward to it. Compared with Di Zi's worship of the uncle, the uncle is also a worship, and so is the baron. He is polite, or is he Zhao Mu who is so out of tune? Fu is willing to give lectures and always follows the law of Yi. "Emperor Taizong wrote a letter to others, but did not reply to Wu and Wei Wangtai. -"Zhenguan dignitaries. Section 29 Rites and Music "
In the eleventh year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong called Wu Yue: "It is human nature that a father loves his son, and we need to learn from it. It is good for a son to be loyal and filial. If you don't follow the instructions and forget to abandon etiquette, you will be punished yourself. What would your father do if he loved it? Or the collapse of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the succession of Emperor Zhao, the arrogance of Yan Wang Dan, and the refusal of Zhang, and Huo Guang's 10% abolition of simplified punishment will lead to national subjugation. Husbands and servants must not be careless. " -"Zhenguan dignitaries. Teach the prince to reign eleven kings "(this paragraph is recorded in the qualification mirror for seventeen years, so the time is controversial).
The governor of Anzhou, Wu Shu, hunted, which was quite detrimental to the people; Liu Fan, the imperial adviser, played the bullet. Ding Chou was relieved of his official position and laid off 300 people. The master said,' The long river of history tells the story of my son. If you can't correct it, you should die. Liu Fan said,' Fang Lingxuan is your majesty's business, but you can't stop hunting, so you can't be alone! In a rage, I brushed my clothes and went in. For a long time, the only fan said,' Why did you fold me?' He said,' Your Majesty, different people have different opinions, but I dare not be stupid.' Shang Yue. -"Purple Tongzhi Sword"
Anzhou satrap is both a mother and a daughter. However, Emperor Taizong often thought that he wanted to be a prince just like himself, but it was difficult for Wuji to fight, so he hated Wuji's guts. However, fame is high, and things are different. I don't care about it, because I want to punish it. I know what I love, because my words are in collusion with Ke, and I hope I can avoid death if I do my job well. -"Purple Tongzhi Sword"
Wang Jing jing yuan and other descendants have attacked the imperial edict of the secretariat for generations;
The emperor was ordered to move in different steps; According to classics, the quality of literature is different. Although the chaos is different, the profit and loss are different. As for setting up a lawsuit to control the sea and building a fan screen to supplement the royal family, we all know its statutes, its meaning lies in governing, worshiping its virtue and loyalty, and its ambition lies in infinity. I am ignorant, arrogant, afraid of three souls, concerned about the people, trying to learn wisdom, and seeking the long-term strategy of the country. Imperial industry is heavy, and it is difficult to do it alone; The world is vast because people are easy to get peace. However, Hou Bo originated in the past, and counties began in China. Sages and sages have their own merits, and evolution is at any time. Retro is hard to chase, and it is unreasonable to seek the present. Therefore, the scale of Zhou Han, taking into account Cao Ma, adopted a good department name and participated in the old system of Hou Jian. * * * the position is heavy and the points are real. The book has been written, but he is sensible, and he has set an example from generation to generation, leaving Kun, but he is as solid as gold, just like the former. Jingzhou secretariat, Liangzhou secretariat Han Wang Yuanchang, Xuzhou secretariat Yuan Li, Luzhou secretariat Yuan Jia, Suizhou secretariat, Zhengzhou secretariat Zheng, Jiangzhou secretariat Huo, Zhangzhou secretariat Wang Feng, Yuzhou secretariat Wang Yuanqing, Dengzhou secretariat Deng Wang Yuanyu, Shouzhou secretariat Shu Wang Yuanming, and so on. Or hope to be quiet and peaceful, and call talent early. And Juelong Yu Tu, pets and car clothes. Sincerely filial. Never forget to expect; Wind and political movements are in the future. It is advisable to keep a book, but stop at life. His secretariat was handed down from generation to generation, and some departments allowed him to write a letter in detail before. The prosperity of this branch is as long as heaven and earth; The glory of thorns is endless. -"All Tang Poems"
"Granting Anzhou secretariat Wu and other official systems"
Under the door: the country is close to the screen; As soon as Fang Yue announced the news, he set up an official position. Strengthen this branch with energy. Clone the rock. Wu and others, the former secretariat of Anzhou, are well-informed and follow the rules. Courtesy is high and prestige is heavy. The reputation of learning art is increasing day by day, and the wind of loyalty and filial piety is early. There is a code to divide your life, and you can discuss your return. According to the last article. -"All Tang Poems"
Historical materials about the identification of "ancestors" in Southern Tang Dynasty;
The titles of the dynasties of Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Hou Tang, Hou Jin, Hou Han and Hou Zhou are all based on the affairs of various countries, and there are differences between right and wrong. Although Zhao Lie's Han Dynasty lagged behind Wang Jing in the cloud, his clan was alienated, so he couldn't remember several places in his world. It's hard to tell right from wrong. Even though Song Gaozu called Chu Yuan a prince and Southern Tang Liezu called Wang Wu a Kehou, he dared not compare with Guangwudi and Jin Emperor, which unified Shao Han's legacy.
Xin Sijing made a detailed decision in his letter to the State Councilor, but the army heard about it. Geng Yin, the monarch of the Tang Dynasty, changed his name. A letter to 100 officials to discuss the sharing of gifts. Xin Mao, Song and others suggested that Yizu live in the east of the seven rooms. In the Tang Dynasty, Taizong wrote in the West Chamber, followed by Taizong and Yizu, all immortals. The ministers said, "Yi princes should not share with Gaozu and Taizong. Please don't build a temple behind the main hall of the ancestral temple to worship them. The emperor said, "I have been entrusted by my righteous ancestors since I was a child and made great contributions to Wu. Can I start this industry? " "Ministers are afraid to speak. The emperor of the Tang Dynasty wanted to worship the ancestor Wu, or "If you punish the dead, you will not be Zheng's ancestor." In the Tang Dynasty, the master ordered the Miao people to take an examination of the two kings, with Sun Yi as the prime minister, who was the ancestor of the ancestors, and the cloud was honored from the Five Dynasties to the father. Its popularity rate is written by the department. The master of the Tang Dynasty lived for 19 emperors for 300 years, but he was too skeptical about the tenth. A secretary said, "Thirty years is the world. Your Majesty was born in Wende, and it has been fifty years since. " Then follow it.
[Post-evaluation]
Li Keying, Li Zhi, a jerk, knows his son better than his father. However, when he listened to Sun Chang's promise, he was smart all his life and ignorant for a while. Mao Zedong
More than 600 words in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty are devoted to Li Ke, and a large part of it is about his "official experience": first he was named King of Changsha, then Hanwang, and soon he was named King of Shu, then King of Wu, and finally he died and was renamed King Yu. He spent most of his life in other parts of Beijing, which is called. Why is this happening? Li Shimin told his courtiers the truth. "It's not that I don't want to be around Ke often, but that the throne of the prince has been taken, so that he can be an official elsewhere, so that even if I die, their brothers will not kill each other." The emperor said to the left and right, "I don't want to share? However, I have already made a decision to make the outside world a screen. After I am a hundred years old, my brothers have no dangerous worries. " )
This shows that Li Shimin prefers Ke Li, and even once thought that he was like himself and was the perfect successor in his mind. "Old Tang Book" said: "But he is a gifted scholar, and Emperor Taizong often calls himself Class One." The popularity and reputation are very high, and it is very material. "The Book of the New Tang Dynasty not only holds that" you are good at riding and shooting, but also talented in civil and military affairs ",but also records what Li Shimin said to Sun Chang Wuji," Do you want to be evil without yourself? "Besides, I am an English fruit. If I protect my uncle, I don't know. " (Sun Chang Wuji, didn't you take Li Ke as a nephew? In fact, Li Ke is as brave and fearless as I am. Maybe I can treat you like an uncle and protect you in the future. )
But Sun Chang's words didn't impress the infinite. In the end, Li Shimin did not choose Li Ke as his successor, but made his eldest son, Li Zhi, the grandson of Sun Chang Wuji, emperor, which doomed Li Ke's later tragedy.
Before Li Shimin's death, Sun Chang turned Wuji into an orphan minister. Naturally, he took special care of his nephew, Emperor Li Zhi. Taking care of a specific action is to help Li Zhi suppress the rebellion and eliminate dissidents. In Li Zhi for four years, Fang's son Fang and his cuckolded wife, Princess Gaoyang, who really loved him, tried to rebel and was discovered by the court. Sun Chang Wuji not only killed Fang and Levin, but also killed Li, the king of Jing, and Li Ke, the king of Wu at that time, which was called "the best in the world". Of course, Li Ke is not convinced. "When he died, he shouted,' The country has spirit, and the family is ruined!' ""is to curse Sun Chang promise don't die a natural death, the whole family is dead. Later, this did come true. Sun Chang Wuji was forced to commit suicide by Wu Zetian after preventing Li Zhili from becoming a queen. Fortunately, family members were only exiled to the frontier, not extinct.
Apart from Li Ke's advantages and misfortunes, did this history book talk about his shortcomings or his ambition to usurp the throne? Also, in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin once wrote a letter to Li Ke, warning him to observe the etiquette system, keep his duty and not entertain foolish ideas. ("you are just a pro-Mao, and you still want to do so many royal things, and you should control things with righteousness and your heart with courtesy." Outside is the monarch and minister, and inside is the father and son. Today, when you kneel, you will not be left behind, but you will be left behind. This shows that Li Ke did show the clue that he wanted to be the Crown Prince and inherit the throne. Compared with Li Zhi, who is weak and incompetent, it is not surprising that Li Ke, who is both civil and military, is very appreciated by his father. All blame him for not having such a good uncle as Sun Chang Wuji.
As for a friend's research, Li Jue, the founding emperor of the Southern Tang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (that is, Li Yu's father, a great poet, and the empress of the Southern Tang Dynasty) was the grandson of Li Ke for generations, worshiping Li Ke as "filial piety to the emperor" and finally realizing Li Ke's dream of being an emperor. This is a real misunderstanding, because Li Bian recognized this ancestor as Li Ke, the fourth son of the Spring Calendar, Tang Xianzong, not Li Ke, the son of Li Shimin.
Li Ke, the king of Wu, was the third son of Li Shimin, the emperor Taizong, and his mother was his daughter. However, the qualification of natural emperor was highly valued by Emperor Taizong. Just because his mother is the daughter of Emperor Yang Di, he can only miss the throne of the emperor. But slowly, he saw this very deeply and thoroughly, so he could make a decisive decision, determined to abstain from sex, stay away from Chang 'an, the center of power, and become a king of Wu in the remote south of the Yangtze River. However, in the end, he was unjustly imprisoned in the rebellion of the house inheritance.