Chinese jade, as the "beauty in stone" selected by the ancestors of the Chinese nation, has moist and lustrous aesthetic feeling and practical function. In this long screening process, "the jade of Kunshan", namely "Hetian jade", has become recognized as "Baoyu" and "real jade".
China is a country that loves and worships jade. There are about 100 kinds of jade sources. In the history of China, the definition of genuine jade and non-genuine jade has already been reflected in the jade utilization system. The emperor was the highest stratum in ancient China, and Hetian jade became the real jade, which was also used by the emperor. Since then, after countless years, Hetian jade has entered the folk.
Hetian jade is the treasure of the Chinese nation and the "national stone" of China. Like a pearl, it shines brightly in the history and culture of China, and it is one of the important symbols of the moral spirit of the Chinese nation.
Hetian jade is closely related to the occurrence and development of Chinese civilization and has a deep origin. According to the latest research by archaeologists in China, it is pointed out that there is a jade age between the Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age in China, which is the origin of Chinese civilization. As early as the Neolithic Age, the ancestors at the foot of Kunlun Mountain discovered Hetian jade, which was transported to the East and West as a treasure and a medium of friendship, forming the oldest transportation channel of Hetian jade in China, the predecessor of the Silk Road. Hetian jade plays an important role in the cultural and economic exchanges between the East and the West. Hetian jade has always been a symbol of friendship among all ethnic groups in China. Hetian jade, as a historical verification, eloquently proves that Xinjiang has been an inseparable part of China since ancient times.
From the Shang Dynasty, the new era of jade arts and crafts with Hetian jade as the main body boarded the jade altar of the Chinese nation, and the world-famous "Oriental Art" appeared, forming a magnificent jade history in China, which became an important part of the splendid culture of the Chinese nation, a brilliant achievement in the history of human art and a precious heritage in the treasure house of world culture and art.
For thousands of years, the Chinese nation has formed a national love for jade. "The love of jade can be said to be one of the cultural characteristics of China. For more than 3,000 years, the texture, shape and color of jade have inspired sculptors, painters and poets "(Needham). A hundred schools of thought contend to interpret Hetian jade with Confucianism and give it the connotation of "virtue". Therefore, the theory that jade has eleven virtues, nine virtues and five virtues has been widely spread and accepted by the whole society and has become the spiritual pillar of jade in China for a long time. This kind of virtue is better than jade, and jade is better than jade.
The idea combines jade and virtue; At the same time, jade became attached to the gentleman. The unique material consciousness, social consciousness and spiritual consciousness of jade are the ideological achievements of our Chinese nation and become the rich ideological and spiritual connotation of Chinese jade culture. Chinese jade culture has a long duration, rich content, wide range and far-reaching influence, which is incomparable to many other cultures. The glory of Chinese jade culture is no less than the Great Wall and the miracle of Terracotta Warriors and Horses in the Qin Dynasty. The achievements of jade culture far exceed those of silk culture, tea culture, porcelain culture and wine culture. Jade culture contains great national spirit and has patriotic national integrity of "Better to be a broken jade". The unity and friendship fashion of "turning war into jade"; Selfless dedication of "moistening with warmth"; Integrity and integrity of "yoga does not cover up flaws"; The pioneering spirit of "keen, honest and indomitable"
purpose
China ancient jade not only has a long history, but also has far-reaching influence. Jade is closely related to the emergence and development of China's history, politics, culture and art. It affects the concepts and customs of the Chinese nation from generation to generation, the laws and regulations of various dynasties in the history of China, and a large number of literati and their brilliant masterpieces. The production and accumulation of single-piece jade works in China and ancient times, the constantly improved jade making skills, and the ideas, cultures and systems related to jade in China, all these material and spiritual things constitute the unique jade culture in China, which has become an important branch in China's cultural treasure house and illuminated the whole world. To appreciate China ancient jade, we should not only appreciate its craft value, but also study its profound cultural connotation. It can be said that jade culture is mainly reflected in jade carving technology. There is an old saying: "Jade cannot be cut without cutting." . Any good piece of jade, after artificial carving, has been given new value and charm. Zhuo He said that the jade carving craft in China has a long history and is recognized by the world. As early as the primitive society, our ancestors used jade to make tools such as imaging trowels, spears, knives, axes and shovels and various jade carving decorations, such as the Neolithic site of Hemudu, Yuyao, Zhejiang Province, which was discovered in 1973. Among them, 28 pieces of jade materials and fluorite have been used to make pearls, tubes, beads and other decorations, which have a history of 7000 years. In the slave society, that is, the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, jade carving technology made new progress, with fine thinking and beautiful patterns, and new jade carving ornaments such as fish, turtles, birds, animal faces, rabbits and silkworms appeared. Common decorative patterns include black nightshade pattern, Panguo pattern, Yun Leiwen pattern, stolen Song pattern and checkered pattern. Especially the appearance of jade carving patterns at that time was a great leap in technical processing. The exquisite jade carving skills of the ancients fully reflected the jade culture.