If people want to participate in social life, they must be restricted by certain social norms, which requires individuals to adjust themselves in time according to social information, effectively resolve psychological conflicts, minimize the occurrence of psychological problems, and make them adapt to social requirements.
From receiving some external information to responding accordingly,
There is a process that the brain produces corresponding psychological experience according to the previous cognitive processing information, which is also the process of individual psychological development and change. The completion of this process has three elements: first, the stimulation of external information; Second, the participation of existing psychological cognition; The third is the self-integration function of individual psychology.
It is worth noting that people's adaptive response based on some external information is not always successful: individual's psychological experience is inconsistent with the original psychological cognition, which will lead to psychological conflict. This kind of conflict is not only the driving force to promote individual psychological development and maturity, but also may lead to their psychological pressure (such as hesitation, self-blame, depression, pain, resentment, etc.). ) and the corresponding physical reactions (such as endocrine disorders, insomnia, etc. ), leading to psychological problems and even physical and mental diseases.
By changing the angle and intensity of accepting external information, or integrating the original psychological cognition on the basis of reorganization, migration and sublimation, individuals can make the external stimulus and psychological cognition advance and retreat in harmony, thus avoiding the psychological dilemma caused by the intensification of psychological conflicts. This is an important method of psychological adjustment-reasonable flexibility.
The main ways of reasonable flexibility can be summarized as follows.
1, avoidance-divert attention and try to avoid external stimuli that lead to psychological difficulties. When people are in psychological difficulties, a strong focus of excitement often forms in their brains. Avoidance of relevant external stimuli can make this exciting focus give way to new exciting focus caused by other stimuli. The excitement center moved and got rid of the psychological dilemma.
2. Flexibility-changing malignant stimuli into benign stimuli, sour grapes and sweet lemons. Psychology is also called rationalization. It is a way to find some reasons to excuse yourself, so as to relieve pain, relieve tension and achieve inner balance. Freud pointed out that there are two kinds of common rationalization: one is that if the expected goal is not achieved, psychology will deny the value or significance of the goal, commonly known as the sour grape effect. Second, if the expected expectations or goals are not met, the value or significance of the status quo will be improved, which is commonly known as the sweet lemon effect. The fox can't eat grapes, so he says grapes are sour, and he can only get lemons, so he doesn't feel bad. Psychological adjustment can use some "rationalization" reasons to explain the facts and turn malignant stimulation into benign stimulation.
3. Turn your head-look at the problem from another angle and see the side of the mountain as a mountain peak. Because not any external stimulus from objective reality can be avoided or diluted. However, everything has positive and negative aspects. The same objective reality or situation, if viewed from one angle, may cause negative emotional experience and make people fall into psychological difficulties; If we look at it from another angle, we can find its positive significance, turn negative emotional experience into positive emotional experience and get out of psychological predicament.
4. Changing the brain-changing a kind of cognition to explain things, renewing ideas and reinterpreting external environmental information is equivalent to changing a brain to think and explain problems. When individuals have psychological contradictions and conflicts, we can reduce or eliminate the contradictions and conflicts between psychological cognition and psychological experience by changing our brains.
5. Sublimation-fix positive psychological cognition and turn setbacks into wealth.
People's psychological problems have not been solved for a long time, which is often related to their negative psychological set. The effective way to overcome psychological stereotype is psychological displacement, that is, to choose a new, high-level positive psychological cognitive stereotype that is beneficial to others and society to replace the old psychological cognitive stereotype, thus changing the negative psychological state. This is the psychological sublimation method. "Failure is the mother of success" and "turning grief into strength" are to understand the positive factors contained in the negative factors of failure, and make them become the driving force and opportunity for individuals to rise up and succeed.
6, compensation-change course, change the original intention, lose the mulberry in the east corner. People will inevitably be frustrated by some internal defects or external obstacles. At this time, various methods are often taken to make up for it, thus alleviating and eliminating psychological troubles. This is called compensation in psychology. Compensation is a psychological adjustment way to realize long-term value goal by replacing the original action goal when the goal is frustrated.
7. Be realistic-adjust your goals according to reality. When you encounter setbacks in the process of achieving your goals, you will have psychological tension or pain. The effective measure to avoid or alleviate this situation is to adjust oneself in time and change the ways and methods to achieve the goal.
On the road of life, if you can't change what you face, change yourself first. Only in this way can you finally change your world.
Teach you four tricks to solve psychological problems correctly
Correctly treat psychological evaluation
This year's psychological assessment of freshmen is the first time that domestic scales have been widely used in China. Regarding the evaluation results, Associate Professor Li Xingmin of the Psychological Counseling Center of Guangzhou Medical College pointed out how to treat them correctly.
First of all, the result is not a decisive indicator. Most people think that the diagnosis of psychologists is based on the evaluation results, but it is not. The evaluation result is only an index for doctors' reference, and the main judgment basis is the doctor's inquiry and observation results.
Secondly, the evaluation can only partially reflect the facts. The evaluation results can only reflect the situation of the subjects at that time. If you do it after an hour, the possible results will be completely different. Therefore, the evaluation result is not a permanent conclusion, and can only partially reflect the facts. Third, a good evaluation result is not worth being too happy about. As mentioned in the second point, having a good result does not mean that there will be no psychological problems in the future. We should also be cautious and not blindly optimistic. Last but not least, if a so-called bad conclusion comes out, there is no need to worry or be sad. Because psychological evaluation conclusions generally use diagnostic words, such as compulsion, division, anxiety, depression and so on. In fact, this is a kind of helplessness, because apart from these words, no more suitable words have been found to express people's psychological characteristics. It can be seen that the conclusion of psychological evaluation is completely different from the diseases represented by these words: not in degree, but in nature. This is like whether the skin color is white or black, and there is no difference between good and bad.
Experts teach you four tricks to prevent psychological problems.
First, I often do psychological beauty.
This is a popular saying to improve one's cognitive ability. Experts believe that everyone will have their own psychological defects, just as people's physical appearance is always worth improving, not a disease. Often "introspection", in contrast, is equivalent to looking at your own psychology in the mirror. If you can adjust it in time, it will beautify your own psychology and be of great benefit to mental health. For example, put yourself in others' shoes.
Second, pay attention to life skills.
When you have a conflict with others, you might as well avoid it or talk to your relatives and friends. These are all indispensable skills to promote mental health, and they are not manifestations of weakness or incompetence.
Third, with the help of team strength.
Most universities have mental health promotion organizations. Participating in such organizations can gain some practical knowledge and suggestions, such as how to make team decisions and how to break the ice of interpersonal relationships actively, which is of great benefit to the future.
Fourth, develop a variety of interests, especially sports.
Playing basketball, for example, can not only vent emotions, but also cultivate the qualities of mutual cooperation, courage to confront and enterprising. For college students who are not poor in physical quality, the main function of physical education is to promote "spiritual energy" through physical exercise.
Campus psychological drama
Campus psychological drama can relieve students' psychological pressure, resolve students' psychological pressure and solve psychological problems by interpreting people and things in campus life. As one of the forms of drama, campus psychological drama involves the structure and creation of the script. The structure and creation of campus psychological drama should be based on the elements and process characteristics of psychological drama and combined with the reality of campus life.
First, the elements of campus psychological drama
1, number of characters:
People's life style, behavior habits and inner conflicts are the main problems in the research, discussion and solution of psychological drama; The structure, plot, scene and theme of psychological drama must also revolve around the characters. Campus psychological drama involves four roles.
(1) Psychological Counseling Teacher (Head Teacher):
As the planner and organizer of psychological drama, he grasps and controls the progress of psychological drama and gives instructions when necessary. In the warm-up stage, evaluate group behavior, assign roles and organize warm-up; Describe the exploration problem, maintain the performance process, and explain it during the performance stage; In the sharing stage, sort out the problems and share your own experiences and feelings.
(2) The parties concerned:
Refers to students who suffer from psychological confusion and need to solve these puzzles urgently. They ask questions and get guidance and help during the performance, or deduce the problems through other people's performances, understand the causes of the problems and solve them.
(3) Participants:
Play an important role in the customer's life, communicate with the customer with the tone and behavior of his role, and speak his thoughts frankly.
(4) Audience:
The audience of psychological drama is not to appreciate the performance of psychological drama, but to experience the feelings of psychological drama. By watching the performance, we can provide support for the parties or understand the essence of psychological problems, and improve the level of mental health.
2. Location:
The activity place is the place where people move and the space where events occur and develop, mainly including the stage and audience, including the setting of lighting, the placement of lighting, props, background music and so on.
3. Contents:
Psychological drama does not create typical characters, but focuses on problems, focusing on showing the process of psychological development and feelings about problems through problems, exploring the influence of events on individual psychological development, and clarifying psychological problems to clarify problems or adjust mentality. Psychological counseling teachers use rich knowledge and experience to analyze appearances, dig deep-seated problems and meanings hidden behind them, and find out the deep-seated reasons of psychological problems by connecting sporadic films and images. Through performance and intuitive image presentation, it is helpful for the parties to understand the truth and essence of the problem and better experience and comprehend it. These include:
(1) event:
The event is the fuse that causes the inner conflict of the parties, the cause of psychological problems, and something that happens in their real life and has an important impact on them. Psychodrama revolves around events, rethinking and understanding through the deduction of events, so as to achieve the purpose of cognitive change and behavior correction.
(2) the relationship between people
Character relationship is a variety of interpersonal relationships formed by people's communication in social life. It has become a part of personal life and even life, which plays an extremely important role in personal growth and development and affects people's psychology in an all-round way. Psychodrama shows all kinds of relationships that cause psychological problems through role-playing, so that the parties can adjust their behavior through observation or comprehension, thus laying the foundation for properly handling various relationships in real life.
Second, the elements of the campus psychological drama structure
Campus psychological drama is to discuss and solve psychological problems, and unfold the plot with the problem as the main line. Its structure includes four parts: asking questions, analyzing problems, solving problems and sharing feelings.
1, ask questions
(1) Initial task:
Explain the time, place, background, characteristics of the times, etc. The story.
(2) explain the relationship between people.
③ Draw out the main contradictions and problems of the whole drama.
(2) the form of the beginning
(1) The explanation and narration of the psychological counseling teacher (which can also be completed by the students themselves)
(2) Plot induction: The time, place and reason of the event are implied by a series of actions of the actors.
2. Analyze the problem:
After the problems are raised, it is necessary to analyze the causes of these problems and the influence degree and relationship of each event. Through the careful interpretation of the related events that cause psychological problems and the relationship between people, the problems can be expanded and deepened, so as to explore the influence of these problems on individual psychology and how others view these problems.
The psychological feelings of the characters can not be explained and revealed only by confession, but by role-playing and acting as the first person. Through the action, the emotional reflection and inner experience of the characters on a specific event are expressed, and the specific situation at that time is truly reproduced, so that the parties can understand and feel. Because role-playing provides the skills of trying to deal with problems under hypothetical and irresponsible circumstances, so as to find out where the problems are, and then learn and practice the skills of dealing with problems. Through the interpretation of these problems, both actors and audiences are shocked and impressed.
This part of the plot pays attention to twists and turns, ups and downs.
Step 3 solve the problem:
The change of psychological and behavioral problems can not be realized by one or two role-playing, but a continuous process, which needs the parties to complete through daily life training on the basis of understanding. Solving the problem only means that the symptoms of the parties have been alleviated or realized, and the causes and solutions of the problem have been found.
The ending of psychological drama should be meaningful and can arouse the aftertaste and reflection of the audience. The audience should experience and understand through inner conflicts and struggles, and change some inappropriate behaviors. The ending can be done through the explanation of the psychological counseling teacher or the narration.
4. Share your feelings:
After the play, the psychological counseling teacher organized everyone to exchange their feelings and understanding of role-playing, so that the parties could see the problem from different angles, understand the reactions and feelings of others, learn to put themselves in their own shoes and change their incorrect cognition; At the same time, the group atmosphere is more harmonious, so that the parties can gain a sense of security and belonging, and get the support and help of the group, thus eliminating helplessness and enhancing confidence and courage.
Third, the artistic techniques in the creation of campus psychological drama.
In order to make the plot ups and downs, reasonable and fascinating, arouse the audience's * * * and reflection, and effectively express the author's creative intention, some artistic techniques are often used in the arrangement of campus psychological dramas.
1, suspense:
It is the drama that makes the audience curious, uneasy and expecting in the development of the plot, and makes them eager to explore the truth or speculate on the following. When using suspense, we must pay attention to: putting forward and solving contradictions and conflicts should be separated; Avoid absolute secrecy; The combination of overall suspense and small suspense.
2. Repeat:
In the process of plot development, the key scenes, actions, language, props, details and even sounds that depict the characters' personalities, reveal the themes and reflect the intense conflicts between the parties are dealt with in an important way to enhance the appeal of the works.
There must be development, change and hierarchy in repetition, and qualitative change is gestated in quantitative change.
3. Rendering:
The key scenes and plots are described incisively and vividly, which strengthens the drama of the work.
4. comparison:
Such as image contrast, plot development, before and after personality, psychological state, language, rhythm and so on. Through the comparative description of refinement, processing, artistry and typicality, the psychological essence of students is more deeply reflected.
According to the specific situation, adopt appropriate expressions.
Youth is a period of rapid physical and psychological development, and also a period of rapid maturity of individual psychology.
An incomplete transition period. University is a place that stirs up youth. In this fertile land, people have become accustomed to the years.
Singing and the beautiful realm of youth. However, what people often overlook is that the campus is still a zone where many cultures hone and collide. many
The similar values and world outlook cause the "shock" of college students' minds; Knowledge economy and market economy are also important criteria to measure success.
Put forward higher requirements, and today's "favored children" are facing multiple pressures and setbacks in study and life-
Independence, competition and adaptation give birth to a kind of weaning restlessness, experiencing the loss of growth, social confusion and living.
Academic pressure, family difficulties, employment pressure, emotional loss and other psychological difficulties. Therefore, some people put this.
Contemporary college students with psychological anxiety jokingly call it "the focus of heaven".
First, the common psychological problems of young college students
1. The contradiction and confusion of self-consciousness
In the university stage, the individual's self-awareness is gradually enhanced, but for a long time, they have not formed a relationship.
In their stable image, self-awareness is not stable enough, so they often encounter a series of self-awareness during this period.
The contradiction and confusion of my consciousness.
The first is the contradiction between the ideal me and the realistic me. Youth's intention to pursue self-improvement will gradually take shape. "
Ideal me ",this" ideal me "embodies young people's good wishes for self-growth, so it is inevitable.
It contains the content of self-beautification, but it often conflicts with the real "real me". In the investigation, it was found that there were
78.6% of college students are "dissatisfied with the status quo". And once these "ideal me" goals are frustrated, only
When I leave an disillusioned "real me", I will have negative experiences of disappointment, shame and pain, and I will feel inferior.
Frustrated, lose confidence in yourself. For example, "I am not interested in anything, I have nothing to do all day, but I am really interested in myself."
Disappointed, I hate myself, how can I be such a person ... "。
The second is the contradiction between independent self-esteem and being disciplined. Young students have strong self-esteem and independence, and want to express everything.
Have your own opinions, act according to your own opinions, and don't want to be bossed around by others. So, be a man and do things.
Children often say "rebellious psychology" such as "I also know that teachers and parents are good for me, but I just can't help it."
I have to fight them. "
2. Can't bear the heavy academic burden
In the survey, it is found that among the factors that affect college students' mood swings, 48.4% of the students classify learning pressure as.
Won the first place. "Before every exam, I feel nervous, irritable and careless. I have loose bowels as soon as I go to the examination room ... ",one
Female college students said. Consciousness, self-reliance, autonomy and creativity are the characteristics of university learning. Some college students are entering the university.
After I didn't master the methods of university study, I found it difficult to adapt, which resulted in a series of weariness, inferiority and self-confidence decline.
List psychological problems. Some students even suffer from test anxiety, which leads to a series of physical problems.
3. Anxiety about employment
At present, there is a pessimistic view of "Adventure Island" among college students. In the survey, 4 1% of college students are "right"
Worried about the future, 28.9% of college students "haven't thought about their future plans yet". According to statistics, in recent years
In the process of job hunting, some graduates are troubled by the talent market and have an attitude towards the process of job hunting.
Kind of ambivalence, feeling confused and confused; Many students show lack of social experience, strong dependence and poor psychological endurance.
The characteristics of poor strength make it easy to go to extremes when encountering setbacks.
4. Interpersonal confusion
"Why do people get along with each other so much? Why do I always get hurt? " Contemporary college students are
During high school, they had little contact with society. After entering the university, interpersonal problems have almost become their biggest problem.
In the survey, 37.6% students are "confused about their bad interpersonal relationships". On the one hand, longing for friendship, longing
Understanding and sympathy, hoping to establish good interpersonal relationships; On the other hand, they can't understand communication correctly and lack communication skills.
Coincidentally, they also fell into the misunderstanding of communication. It is precisely because of this high expectation and low achievement that there is a huge psychological gap.
, making interpersonal communication barriers, communication jealousy, inferiority complex, social fear and other problems follow; So, pride, inferiority, loneliness.
Psychological experiences such as loneliness, boredom, hopelessness and fear are frequently visited. Over time, depression and communication panic are formed.
Manage diseases.
5. Confusion about love and sex
"Which girl is not in love? Which boy doesn't love it? " College students are young and sexually active.
Period of the group. College students privately rent a house and live together outside the school. A male student in a university sleeps in a group and two female college students in a university.
When the "escort girl" in the ballroom was arrested by the public security organs ... such sexual deviance incidents of college students are common in major universities.
A common problem is solved. However, although young college students are physically mature, they are not alone economically.
Li, mentally immature, therefore, premature sexual experience, abnormal sexual behavior and early pregnancy are harmful to college students.
It has a serious impact on both physiology and psychology. According to the investigation, about 1/4 boys and 1/2 girls were seriously injured.
Psychological troubles, such as anger, shame, impurity, etc. ; 12.5% of boys and 28.8% of girls are psychologically separated after many years.
There is a shadow on the wall; "I'm not a girl anymore." "I gave everything for him, and he should only have me in his heart."
"She is mine now, I can relax" and so on. After premarital sex, young college students often regret it.
Guilt, negative self-evaluation, or doubt each other's quality, blame each other, etc. ; Fear of the pain of pregnancy and miscarriage
Fear of punishment, fear that marriage will no longer have a choice; Fear of exposure, worry about their own and each other's future.
6. Facing the loss of the prosperous material world
It is found in the survey that poverty is also an important factor that puzzles college students' mental health. The author is interested in four senior high schools in Sichuan Province.
The psychological status of poor college students in our school was investigated. The survey shows that 5 1.42% poor students suffer from depression.
The average depression of students with better economy is 38.46, and that of poor students is 4 1.52.
It can be seen that poor students are more depressed than non-poor students. "Why wasn't I born in a rich family?" And "I am not as diligent as others."
A good father "... in the face of the helplessness of high-end material enjoyment, they expressed such feelings. In fact, college students now know that.
Obviously with the nature of relative poverty. Objectively speaking, relative poverty is more tolerable than absolute poverty, but relative poverty is more absolute.
Poverty constitutes a more complicated psychological pressure. The biggest psychological pressure of poor college students during their school days comes from economic difficulties.
Difficult, they are as rich and colorful as other college students, but their various needs are covered by economic difficulties.
An elusive shadow. The actual economic pressure and some other difficulties are even partially exaggerated because they are not correctly understood.
It is so difficult that some poor college students are in a state of ambivalence of depression and anxiety for a long time.
7. Personality loss caused by bad living habits
Modern university life can be described as "colorful", such as "night culture" in dormitory, smoking, drinking and playing poker.
Playing mahjong all night and surfing the internet ... these bad habits have affected their health to a certain extent, which in turn affects their health.
Call mental health. A college student who is about to drop out of school said in psychological counseling: "In college, we have the greatest freedom."
Arrange your life at will. Falling in love, surfing the internet all day, playing, gambling, getting drunk ... I don't know.
Where I belong, it seems that I am nothing, it seems that I am nothing, and I feel that the whole person is decadent and lazy.
Slowly, the results began to decline ... "... the so-called" habit and nature "means that long-term habits will form to a certain extent.
Personality, "learning without observing", refers to the problem of being used to doing something without realizing it, while "learning without achieving" is
It means that mistakes are regarded as correct, so "old habits are hard to change" brings a lot of troubles and bad mental health to college students.
Tests have even led some young people astray.
Second, counseling and adjustment of young college students' psychological problems
Establish multi-level and multi-faceted college students' psychology closely combined with extracurricular activities, educational guidance and self-help.
Health education system. Explore the establishment of a five-level linkage psychological crisis prevention and intervention mechanism among schools, departments, classes, dormitories and individuals.
Mechanism, forming a rapid crisis response system from the backbone of students and counselors to departments, departments and students, and opening up psychology
Fast crisis intervention channel from health education institutions to school hospitals and professional mental health institutions; Correctly sum up and deal with dangers.
Psychological problems of college students affected by computers, and improve the system of psychological disease prevention and crisis intervention for college students. Innovation tutoring
Contents and methods; Use advanced mental health testing software to carry out mental health education with group counseling as the leading factor and individual counseling as the supplement.
Counseling system; Give full play to the important role of classroom teaching in college students' mental health education, and change the concept from "taking"
Teacher-centered, textbook-centered, classroom-centered ",and truly establish" student-centered "
Heart, centered on students' learning and use, centered on the active participation of all students. "