The area ruled by Tuguhun was originally inhabited by Qiang people, and Shi and Qiang people were its main departments. When Forrest Gump (Aga, Adan) (4 17-426 reigned), the eight generations of Tuguhun "annexed Qiang and history and became a powerful country thousands of miles away". Qian Mu (reigned in 426-436) "The number of people who died in Qin, Liang, Qiang, Rong and other places was reduced to five or six hundred. Nantong Han Shu, Liangzhou in the northern suburbs and Helian Zhuansheng. " It can be seen that the opposition between strength and history directly affects the rise and fall of Tuyuhun. In addition to subduing the Qiang people by force, the Tuguhun rulers drove them to farm and graze for them, and also adopted the means of netting the upper class of the Qiang people. In the Tuguhun regime, many Qiang people held high positions, such as Sima Boluo's neighbors, Chang's loyal brothers, Sima Suqidi and so on. It has become the mainstay of the Tuyuhun regime. The Tuguhun rulers United with the upper Qiang people to stabilize the domestic rule, and then continued to develop relations with neighboring ethnic groups.
From the establishment of political power in Tuyan to the Afghan army, it is the gradual development stage of Tuguhun. At that time, there were regimes in the north, such as pre-Qin, Western Qin, Nanliang, Beiliang and Xia. Although they are stronger than Tuyuhun, they are unable to annex Tuyuhun and are unwilling to sit idly by and watch it grow. Among them, Western Qin and Hou Liang were adjacent to Tuguhun, and once expanded southward, occupying some counties originally controlled by Tuguhun, such as Jiaoxi, Zhang Chuan and Gan Song. According to his own situation, Tuguhun not only made a necessary counterattack against the attack of the Western Qin Dynasty, but also adopted the strategy of dealing with the opposing regime and maintaining political and economic exchanges with all parties in order to survive and develop himself.
37 1 year (the first year of Xian 'an in Jin Dynasty, the seventh year of Jianyuan), because the forces of the former Qin Dynasty moved westward, the former Yan perished, the enemy pool was attached, and Tuguhun crushed himself for fear of hurting himself, so he sent five thousand war horses and five hundred Jin of gold and silver to Fu Jian, and firmly named him General Anyuan and Hou Chuan. At that time, the greatest threat to Tuguhun was Western Qin. In order to ensure peace in the northern territory, the broken Xizi was forced to pay tribute to the Western Qin Dynasty when he was in power (376-390). At this time, the political center of Tuguhun has moved from Sichuan (now northeast of Fuxi Mountain in Gansu) to Shazhou (now around Guide and Guinan counties in Qinghai). On the one hand, the Western Qin sent troops to defeat Tuguhun many times, limiting its development to the north; On the other hand, the ruler of Tuguhun was named Wang Cijue, and "worshipped Liansha and Wang" to show his network. Tuguhun sometimes pays tribute to Western Qin and sometimes meets each other.
Tuguhun loyal to Jin: 700 families of Tuguhun, Mu Rongchui's brother, moved to Yinshan area at the end of Taikang, which was called Khan at that time. Tuoba, controlled by the rulers at that time, was in the east of Yinshan, between Chicheng and Tuguhun in the northwest of Yinshan, and was also a minister of the rulers. Tuguhun died in about 3 12, and his great-great grandson Shi Lian once said to his son Shi Lian: Gaozu asked his son and grandson to be vassals of the State of Jin forever to show their loyalty to the central authorities. Tuguhun began to migrate to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the late Jin Dynasty, about west of Xiping, and traveled thousands of miles from Gan Song to Prynne. According to the Central Plains model, officials were established, and Tuguhun was the surname in Ye Yan's period. His son, Fu Jian, a former minister of the Qin Dynasty, only used the Jin-Fan system to formally serve the Jin Dynasty. Wang Meng, the prime minister, also regarded the Jin Dynasty as a new moon, and Fu Jian himself did not really serve the Jin Dynasty as a new moon. Never put off till tomorrow what you can establish direct contact with the rulers, can only be a vassal of the rulers. In the World League era, he traced the legacy of his ancestor Tuguhun, educated his son to regard him as a loyal minister of the State of Jin, and said to the envoys who begged for help to return to China: The legal system of the State of Jin has declined, and various countries are tyrannical, ready to unite with the rebel army, welcome the emperor of the State of Jin to Chang 'an and oppose begging for help. Shi Fuguan wanted to support the Emperor Wu of Jin with him, but Qi Fuguan became the king of Henan and established the Western Qin Dynasty. His son Chibian only accepted the title of the rulers, but he didn't really support Tuguhun's loyalty to the rulers. He also sent troops to defeat Shi Fu and forced him to retreat to Prynne. Shu Luo Gan period, self-reliance for riding a chariot general, TuGuHun king. He was the first to establish King Tuyuhun as the new moon of the Jin Dynasty. At the same time, he also called himself Khan. He also publicly expressed his loyalty to the rulers and wanted to capture Bashu and Sanqin alive and appear before the rulers. At that time, it was about 465,438+00 years, but he was also defeated because he begged the rich and dry father and son to return, and was forced to become a vassal. This is related to the weak strength of Tuyuhun at that time. Tuguhun moved to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with only 1,000 families. He traveled thousands of miles, so he was called Wild Lu. He can only accept the title of blessing, but his status is very low at first. After growing stronger, when Shi Yun supported the rulers, the army only claimed to have 20,000 men. After begging for help, he annexed the rest of the former Qin Dynasty. When Western Qin became powerful, he defeated Shi Yun. Tuguhun's loyalty to the Jin Dynasty was inevitable under the social conditions at that time, and it was also the result of the influence of the Jin Dynasty's long-term implementation of progressive ethnic policies on the vast number of brotherly peoples. "Book of Jin" commented on Tuguhun: "Good deeds exist, and words are true." Mitchell's regret for Tuyuhun's failure to be loyal to Kim reflects a cultural concept. In the north, Xiliang, Liang Qian and Beiyan were Han regimes, which were rewarded by the rulers. However, these brothers, such as Zao, Tuguhun, Beiliang Juqu, Yang and Xiqin Chifu, also honored the Jin Dynasty as the new moon, even on behalf of the country, even before Qin, after Qin, after Liang and after Zhao.