Over the years, the China government and relevant departments have made many efforts to protect the baiji. The Regulations on the Protection of Aquatic Resources Reproduction issued by the State Council 1979 and the General Order on Strict Protection of Precious and Rare Wild Animals issued by 1983 clearly stipulate that it is strictly forbidden to hunt and kill the national key protected animal Baiji dolphin.
From June 65438 to March 0984, there were four deaths of baiji from Tongling to Anqing River, which attracted the attention of all walks of life. On March 24th, Anhui Provincial People's Government issued the Emergency Notice on Strict Protection of Baiji Dolphin, and Tongling Municipal People's Government organized an investigation team to investigate and analyze the cause of death of a Baiji Dolphin in the river section of the city. The municipal propaganda department uses newspapers, radio, television and other propaganda tools to carry out publicity and education activities to the masses, especially fishermen along the river. On February 8, 65438, Tongling City established the Baiji Dolphin Protection Association, with the first batch of 33 members.
1In February, 1985, Anhui Science and Technology Association held an academic demonstration meeting on the establishment of Baiji Dolphin Reserve in Tongling City. The meeting submitted the "Proposal on Establishing a Baiji Dolphin Protection Park in Datong, Tongling". 1985 September 18, the State Environmental Protection Bureau approved the construction of the Baiji Dolphin Reserve in Datong, Tongling, and decided that the state would subsidize 3.5 million yuan by stages and the province would raise 1.85 million yuan by itself. In June+10, 5438, the municipal government decided to set up a leading group for the preparation of the Baiji Dolphin Reserve to strengthen the leadership of the preparation work.
Endangered cause
Internal factors:
The number is scarce and it is difficult to breed in large quantities; Low reproduction rate and slow growth.
Human factors:
Humans overfished their fish and shrimp, resulting in insufficient food supply for baiji;
Over-exploitation of the Yangtze River by human beings has seriously damaged the habitat of baiji.
The development of chemical plants and pharmaceutical factories near the Yangtze River has seriously polluted the Yangtze River.
The Yangtze River has become a very busy transport waterway, and many baiji dolphins have been killed and injured by the propellers of ships.
Due to the increase of human activities or improper activities, the number of accidental deaths of baiji has increased. According to statistics, during the period of 1973- 1985, there were 59 accidental deaths, of which 29 were caused by fishing hooks or other fishing gear, accounting for 48.8%. 1 1 The head died in the river blasting operation, accounting for18.6%; 12 head was killed by ship propeller, accounting for 20%; 6 heads were stranded and died, accounting for10%; 1 head mistakenly entered the sluice, accounting for 1.6%. According to statistics, one third of the white dolphins who died unexpectedly in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River were killed by ship propellers.
White-fin dolphin (scientific name: Lipotes vexillifer), also known as white-fin whale, white fin, white flag, white clip, green fin, Ma Jiang, China finless porpoise, Yangtze finless porpoise and Yangtze puffer fish, is a freshwater whale unique to China and only produced in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In the 1980s, due to various reasons, the population of Baiji dolphin decreased sharply, and it was estimated that there were less than 50 in 2002, so it was known as the "giant panda in water". Baiji dolphin is a family of its own, which is listed as a national first-class wild protected animal and one of the most endangered animals in the world 12. On August 8, 2007, a report was published in the journal of Biological Letterhead of the Royal Society, officially announcing the functional extinction of the baiji.
Appearance characteristics
Baiji dolphin is a small whale, which is a specialty of China. Its body is spindle-shaped, its skin is bare and hairless, and its body temperature is constant, always around 36℃ [2].
Body length1.5-2.5m, the longest in mature individuals, 2.5m for females and 2.3m for males; Weight 100— 150kg, with a maximum of 230kg. The snout is long and narrow, about 30 cm, with the front end slightly upturned. The injection hole is longitudinal and located on the left side of the head. The eyes are small, and there is a quarrel between the top and the back. Ear holes are needle-shaped The dorsal fin is triangular, the flippers are wide, the ends are blunt and round, and the caudal fin is crescent-shaped.
Baiji dolphin is a carnivore, with about 130 fangs in its mouth, belonging to the same type. Adult baiji generally has a bluish-gray back and a clean and white abdomen, which is particularly bright in the sun, and the newborn is slightly dark. The upper and lower surfaces of horizontally extending flippers and caudal fins are the same color as the back and ventral surfaces, respectively, so the color distribution is just in line with the environmental color. Looking down from the water surface, it is difficult to distinguish the bluish gray on the back from the river water; Looking up from the bottom of the water, it is difficult to find that the white belly is similar to the strong light reflected from the water surface. This gives the baiji a natural hidden barrier to avoid enemies and approach prey.