I. Importance of international trade to economic development
The development of international trade is very important to the sustainable development of the national economy, which is helpful to improve the understanding of international competition and scientific and technological progress of enterprises, mainly in the following aspects.
(A) to promote national economic growth
By analyzing the international trade situation of China in the past 40 years of reform and opening up, it is found that it has been in a state of steady development. China's import and export trade structure has been continuously optimized, interaction with emerging markets has been strengthened, and a good economic and trade platform has been established. At present, China is in the stage of rapid economic growth. With China's industry entering the mechanization era, the total industrial output value and import volume have reached record highs. By analyzing the current economic development data of China, it is estimated that the total import and export volume of China will reach 4.9 trillion US dollars in 20021year, an increase of about 5.7% over last year. Among them, the total export value is about 2.7 trillion US dollars, and the total import value is about 2.2 trillion US dollars; The trade surplus is about $576.6 billion. China's foreign trade has never been more important. Accordingly, China has formulated a foreign trade system to ensure a rapid and stable development of international trade, which is embodied in increasing foreign investment and establishing special economic zones. First of all, China is in the stage of transition to a market economy. In order to promote the effective promotion of capital and speed up the development of technology-intensive products, China has entered the era of huge trade surplus. The level of a country's economic development is the basis of its sustainable development, and international trade is the main driving force of international economic growth. It plays an important role in the economic cooperation between China and other countries and in improving the economic development level of all countries.
(B) improve the awareness of international competition of domestic enterprises
Since11990s, foreign investment has increased. While carrying out international trade, China has rationally adjusted its economic growth and demand structure according to the current economic development. Expanding cooperation with international trade has become the main reason for economic growth. The opening of the market has brought a lot of foreign direct investment and increased the export scale of China. Due to the adjustment of global economic structure and the increase of multinational companies, this has greatly accelerated the economic growth of China. It directly affects the growth rate of China's GDP and increases the international trade surplus in the short term. Net export growth contributes a lot to GDP growth, but in the long run, only increasing domestic demand can promote the long-term GDP growth. The development of international economy and trade can greatly stimulate the innovation potential of enterprises and talents, and greatly improve the international competitiveness of enterprises under the background of all-round economic development. At the same time, in the context of global economic and trade integration, enterprises must determine their own production methods and business philosophy, adapt to the development of the international economic situation, improve production and operation efficiency, improve international competitiveness, and improve enterprise economic benefits.
(3) It is conducive to promoting scientific and technological progress.
Science and technology are the primary productive forces. In order to promote the sound development of China's economy, China must strengthen the construction of advanced science and technology. At the same time, the sustained development of international economy and trade provides a good economic foundation for the further development of science and technology. Follow the law of national economic development, constantly increase the capacity of scientific and technological research and development, and ensure the sustained and stable operation of the economy. Countries can promote their own economic development by importing advanced equipment and technology in the economic and social fields from other countries. Therefore, the development of international trade and scientific and technological progress complement each other.
Second, China's international trade development opportunities and challenges
In 2020, China's total foreign trade reached US$ 4,646.257 billion, including US$ 2,590.646 billion in exports and US$ 2,055,665.438+0.2 billion in imports. The annual trade surplus reached $535.034 billion. Generally speaking, it shows a significant growth trend and creates a high trade scale. China's share in international trade has further increased, but it still faces development opportunities.
(A) China's international trade development opportunities
1. helps attract foreign investment.
Global economic integration is the main trend of current economic and trade development. With the vigorous development of global economy and trade, the economic exchanges between countries in the world are getting closer and closer, which makes it easy for local enterprises in China to attract foreign investment. However, the management level of most domestic enterprises still has a lot of room for improvement. Excellent enterprise talents should innovate management methods, improve management level, accelerate the attraction of foreign investment, and thus improve the development speed of the national economy.
2. It is helpful to optimize the industrial structure.
The rapid development of China's economy has promoted the improvement of social productivity, thus intensifying market competition and refining the division of labor in the international market. Under the influence of global economy and trade, China's industrial structure is more optimized, which is reflected in the clear internal division of labor, which not only effectively reduces the waste of resources, but also promotes the improvement of production quality and efficiency, thus establishing a relatively perfect industrial structure.
Trade liberalization has led to the mutual opening of countries and greatly promoted the development of China's foreign trade. China's opening to the outside world has gradually deepened, and its exchanges with other countries have gradually increased, which has better adapted to the trend of world economic diversification.
(B) China's international trade development challenges
1. Trade competition has intensified
Due to the increasingly close trade links between countries, under the new situation, the economic recovery of countries is more dependent on international trade. In order to improve competitiveness and promote regional economic integration, different countries are competing in the form of international trade.
2. The development of service trade has enhanced its role in economic growth.
According to the report of WTO website, the average annual growth rate of global service trade from 20 17 to 2020 is 9%, which has exceeded the growth rate of commodity trade. Among them, the growth rate of various fields varies greatly around the world. For example, European and American countries and regions are in the leading position in the field of high value-added service trade such as information and communication, banking, insurance and telecommunications. The rapid development of China's service trade has had a great impact on global economic transactions and formed a new growth point of international trade.
3. The overall growth rate of trade has accelerated, and emerging economies have become dominant.
Under the background of economic globalization, international trade continues to grow. However, with the arrival of the new century, developed countries such as the United States, Japan and the European Union are affected by financial liberalization, insufficient domestic demand, aging population, high welfare level and slow economic growth. The economic market system of developing countries is in the process of continuous improvement and becomes the most potential economy.
4. Knowledge and technical talents become the driving force of economic development.
In the process of the rapid development of modern science and technology, knowledge, science and technology and human resources occupy the primary position in the economic and social development of China. Using its own capital and scientific and technological resources, China's international trade interests have been polarized. However, with the development of economic globalization and international trade reform, more and more large and medium-sized multinational companies use technology to innovate in international trade and gradually become an important force in global economic development.
Multimedia and network technology have promoted the diversification of trade patterns.
With the continuous development of global information technology, human beings have lived in the information age, and network technology is widely used in all walks of life. With the increasingly close trade between countries and the gradual diversification of trade means, the development of internet trade has reduced the cost of enterprises, improved trade efficiency and improved the profitability of international trade. After China's entry into WTO, as many as 50 countries in Europe and Asia recognized China's status as a "market economy country". The United States has always felt that China's market openness is low, so it has been reluctant to recognize China's market economy status and regard China as a "non-market economy country". In the process of continuous development of Sino-US trade, some trade frictions are often deliberately created.
China's economic development continues to accelerate, but the economic growth rate of European and American countries is relatively slow, which leads to great changes in the economic strength pattern of China, the United States and Central Europe, and the gap is getting smaller and smaller. In addition, in the process of China's sustained economic strength, it is no longer just satisfied with the status of "world factory", but gradually develops from "Made in China" to "Made in China". From the current point of view, it has been on the Internet and in.
Third, China's international trade development countermeasures under the new situation
(1) Improve the structure and mode of import and export trade. At present, China should reform the structure of import and export trade, develop an intensive trade model, and change from comparative advantage to international competitive advantage. Carry out corresponding technological innovation, continue to develop new products in key export industries, further strengthen technological innovation in key export industries, stimulate the scientific and technological innovation ability of enterprises, promote industrial transformation, and enhance the technical content of products in key export industries. We have also formulated policies to increase added value, increased financial support for scientific research and new product development of high-tech enterprises, constantly changed trade products on the basis of the original total expansion, and gradually improved the quality and technical content. Imported goods have also played a great role in domestic economic operation, such as adapting to domestic demand and improving the level of technological upgrading of enterprises. Further optimize and adjust the structure of imported goods, continue to strengthen the construction of laws and regulations, further improve the price policy, accelerate the progress of advanced technology and equipment, fully import scarce resources, and encourage resource diversification.
(2) to formulate and implement strategic trade policies
It is necessary to improve the scientific and technological system and implement the subsidy policy for scientific research funds; Fully encourage private enterprises to participate in technology financing, form an all-round and multi-channel technology financing system, fully absorb advanced technology enterprises with foreign advantages, pay corresponding attention to industries whose core technologies mainly depend on imports, and formulate effective management measures. Further expand population input, promote consumption and expand domestic demand. In addition, it is necessary to improve the development of e-commerce and Internet commodity services, improve relevant laws and regulations, and promote the long-term development of Internet transactions. With the development of international trade organizations and tracks, we will constantly strengthen the capabilities of commodity quality management, customs and currency services, and promote the long-term development of China's international trade.
(3) Improve the system of international trade laws and regulations.
At present, in the process of international trade development, it is necessary to establish and improve the management system of international economic and trade laws and regulations on the basis of the reform of international trade laws and regulations and the company's own development, so as to provide legal protection for the international trade process and favorable conditions for the global economic and trade development. In the face of anti-dumping investigations in some countries, enterprises are encouraged to actively respond to lawsuits and safeguard their own rights and interests. They can also jointly establish associations with enterprises in their own industries or even other industries to improve the corresponding internal communication mechanism and ensure the smooth exchange of information. In the process of development, enterprises also need to form a good self-image, actively participate in the coordination and development of international trade relations, oppose protectionism and promote trade liberalization. In addition, China needs to strengthen the management of the International Trade Organization to ensure China's position in the international trading system.
Constantly improve China's foreign trade mechanism.
In the process of global economic and trade development, the significance of building a foreign trade mechanism is particularly important. Only by forming a perfect foreign trade mechanism can we continuously promote the optimization of industrial structure and the optimal allocation of resources. In order to achieve sustainable economic development, enterprises should provide a good brand image to enhance the international influence of brand industry, further expand the international development space of trade, and make full use of information platforms such as the Internet. Strengthen the implementation of diversification strategy and promote the overall economic development. At present, the development of international trade in China is facing a huge regional imbalance, especially in the most backward western region. Therefore, enterprises need to give full play to their resource advantages in foreign trade backward areas and further improve infrastructure construction. It is also necessary to further innovate and create corporate culture construction, further improve the company management system, enhance the soft power of corporate culture, enhance the core competitiveness of the company, stimulate the development of human resources, and strive to introduce international talents. At the same time, we should also attach importance to the important role of private enterprises in economic and social development and adopt more preferential policies and measures to promote economic development so that private enterprises can quickly enter the international market.
(5) Optimize the industrial structure, increase investment in scientific research and promote the development of high-tech industries. China's Huawei, ZTE and other enterprises have been seriously affected by the trade friction, mainly because they are highly dependent on American high-tech products, so as long as there is friction, the market operation of this enterprise will be seriously affected. In this case, enterprises in China must increase investment in scientific research, strengthen support for high-tech industries, rationally adjust and optimize product structure, and increase added value of products. They should make full use of the development opportunities of economic integration, give full play to China's resource advantages, take high and new technology as the development center, constantly strengthen external ties and actively introduce new technologies and equipment, so as to effectively promote industrial upgrading and improve the core competitiveness of enterprises. Only in this way can we better cope with and bear market risks.
(six) to promote the development of China's service trade.
It is necessary to continuously accelerate the development of China's service trade, formulate effective service trade development strategies, promote the establishment and development of service trade supervision and management institutions, and create a good external environment for the development of service trade. Promote the development and modernization of transportation, tourism and other service industries, strengthen technological transformation, and promote the development of emerging service industries. Improve the management level of China enterprises, based on their own development advantages, constantly expand the scale of development, strengthen the adjustment and formation of industrial structure, constantly improve the competitiveness of enterprises, and create favorable conditions for the development of service industry.
(7) Accelerate the construction of overseas marketing network and realize market diversification.
In the process of developing international economy and trade, it is necessary to standardize the behavior of domestic enterprises in carrying out economic and trade business and abide by the relevant principles of international economy and trade, including the rules of international transactions. In order to effectively realize the long-term development of international emergency trade, we must adhere to the principle of harmonious development between man and environment. Through this, foreign trade enterprises have formed a commercial existence form in major overseas markets and gradually formed a profit model for overseas operations. Conduct research and analysis on major overseas markets with overseas institutions. First of all, speed up the establishment of overseas industry and commerce, select professionals with international business and management qualifications, manage foreign institutions and improve their qualifications and qualifications. Secondly, encourage foreign investment, act in the fields of customs, taxation, banking and foreign exchange management, and provide overseas sales network. At the same time, the government should also take policy measures to build a strong domestic and international economic and trade fair and form a key economic and trade network with reasonable global layout, strong pertinence, strong specialization and strong brand effect; Build an e-commerce platform with high technology content and good service, connect overseas user terminals, enhance the ability of enterprises to use e-commerce for foreign trade, and realize market diversification as soon as possible.
Four. conclusion
To sum up, the development of international trade is closely related to science and technology, and the rational use of science and technology is the key to promote the development of international economy and trade. The development of international economy and trade is of great significance to the economic development of various countries and the improvement of the competitiveness of enterprises in the international market. At the same time, international economic and trade will develop towards globalization, diversification, standardization and scientific and technological progress. We will continue to deepen reform, accelerate the process of internationalization, strengthen exchanges and cooperation with the international community, and promote the development of international trade, which is of great significance to the sustainable development of China's social economy.