Procurement project refers to the specific object of goods, projects and services that the purchaser wants to purchase when implementing the government procurement procedure, which objectively determines that it has a direct relationship with the efficiency of government procurement. The more complex the procurement project, the more quantity and the higher technical requirements, the more time it takes, and the greater the impact on the efficiency of government procurement. This is because complex procurement projects will increase the production time of procurement documents; A large number of procurement projects with high technical requirements will increase the time of multiple procedures such as bid evaluation and acceptance, so the efficiency of government procurement will become low; Similarly, the simpler the procurement project, the less the quantity, the lower the technical requirements, the less time it takes, and the less the impact on the efficiency of government procurement. This requires the purchaser to determine the procurement project realistically, and cannot artificially expand the content of the procurement project. The more complex the configuration, the better the quantity and the higher the technical requirements. For example, it can be clearly identified that an existing computer with high configuration in this area is a procurement project, but it should be identified that a computer with high configuration that has just come out of the market and can only be purchased in a few big cities is a procurement project, thus prolonging the procurement time and reducing the procurement efficiency.
"Purchasing method" factor.
The practice of government procurement at home and abroad tells us that the efficiency of different procurement methods is different. Under the same legal and compliance conditions, the time limit of public bidding and invitation bidding is longer, and its efficiency is lower than that of competitive negotiation, inquiry procurement and single-source procurement. However, it should be pointed out that here, we discuss the factors that affect the efficiency of government procurement purely in theory (the same below, such as "procurement procedures" and so on. ), and to correctly understand the public bidding and inviting bidding these two procurement methods. The meaning here is to use competitive negotiation, inquiry procurement and single-source procurement, not to follow the fashion, but to insist on implementation. At the same time, there is another meaning that efficiency should not be emphasized unilaterally, and public bidding and invitation bidding should be avoided. Therefore, in practical work, we should pay attention to the use of advanced procurement methods, which can significantly improve the efficiency of government procurement.
For example, the popular agreement procurement at home and abroad can improve the efficiency of government procurement from three aspects.
First of all, it reduces repeated bidding, reduces the procurement time of many units, and minimizes the procurement links, thus shortening the procurement time of several units;
Secondly, the cost of government procurement is reduced, which greatly improves the scale efficiency of government procurement. After the implementation of the procurement mode of agreement supply, centralized procurement institutions do not need to conduct qualification audits for suppliers many times, but painstakingly formulate their own tenders and organize bidding activities many times;
Thirdly, by adopting the mode of "agreement supply", we can sign a contract at one time and implement long-term supply to meet the diversity and timeliness requirements of the majority of buyers.
For another example, the implementation of e-procurement can not only reduce the procurement cost by 30%, but also greatly improve the efficiency of government procurement. Therefore, determining the correct procurement method is the premise and important means to improve procurement efficiency. This requires us: on the one hand, we should be brave in innovation and reform, and vigorously promote advanced government procurement methods such as "agreement supply" and "electronic procurement". On the other hand, we must adhere to the principle of legal compliance and be good at grasping the principle of flexibility. If we can purchase by invitation and inquiry at the same time, we will purchase by inquiry. For projects with fixed configuration models, inquiry procurement can be used instead of invitation to bid, which will save a lot of time and fully conform to the principle of "three publics", and suppliers and procurement personnel will be very satisfied. Therefore, under the premise of not violating the government procurement law and the specific implementation plan, there is room and potential to improve the efficiency of government procurement by choosing appropriate procurement methods.
"Coordination" factor.
This is not only easy to understand, but also very important. No matter from the point of view that government procurement is a systematic work or from the point of view that government procurement is like an interlocking chain, it needs the coordination and cooperation of all parties involved in procurement and the government procurement supervision and management department. The absence and non-cooperation of any party will directly affect the efficiency and order of government procurement.
For example, some purchasing agents pretend to be "Laozi" and look down on purchasing agencies. They always "try their best to find the wrong thing" for matters that need their cooperation (confirmation of procurement documents, evaluation reports, etc.). ), so that they can cooperate in one day, but it takes three or even five days; For another example, some procurement agencies always emphasize "step by step", or they don't accept the purchaser's procurement projects in time, or they don't understand the specific procurement technology, quality and service requirements put forward by the purchaser, or they understand the mistakes, or even ask the purchaser to provide information of one kind or another, or even wrangle with each other in mutual cooperation, so that the bidding documents can be completed within five days. Therefore, strengthening coordination and cooperation should be highly valued by all procurement parties. For government procurement supervision and management departments, it is necessary to optimize services, simplify procedures, shorten the examination and approval time, and implement intensive management. For purchasing agencies, it is necessary to simplify working procedures and constantly innovate working methods. Further optimize government procurement procedures and reduce circulation links and time. For purchasers, first of all, we should correctly understand the essential meaning of government procurement efficiency, standardize our words and deeds, and cooperate with procurement agencies to do procurement work with tolerance, understanding and support.
Secondly, we should improve the planning. On the one hand, it is necessary to avoid the phenomenon that it takes time to apply for government procurement when a sedan chair is worn. On the other hand, to avoid randomness, it is required to change the procurement method later; One is to change the procurement time limit and the other is to change the configuration. These behaviors can only lead to confusion in the procurement order, prolong the procurement time, and are not conducive to the improvement of procurement efficiency. Third, we should improve our initiative, avoid being divorced from centralized procurement activities and extend the procurement time. It is necessary to have more contact and communication with procurement agencies and master the time, procedures and methods of various government procurement methods mastered by procurement agencies. For example, when to hold the tender for air conditioning projects and when to hold the tender for office systems such as microcomputers. In this way, you won't declare it today after you bid for 10 yesterday, but you may know this information a few days ago, improve the procedures as soon as possible, and send it to the procurement agency to catch the train, thus obviously improving the procurement efficiency.
"buying environment" factor.
Harmonious government procurement environment is not only a powerful guarantee to achieve certain procurement efficiency, but also an important means to improve government procurement efficiency. This is because a harmonious government procurement environment can guarantee and improve the efficiency of government procurement in many ways. There are only three points here:
First, in a harmonious procurement environment, all parties to the procurement can have the same goal, think in one place and make efforts in one place. Everyone has a high sense of efficiency, has a gesture of mutual cooperation, and can work together in Qi Xin to improve efficiency;
Second, in a harmonious procurement environment, all parties to the procurement can strengthen their own procurement hardware construction, make full use of computers and other scientific and technological means to implement operations, so that the procurement information is smooth and the efficiency is doubled.
Third, in a harmonious procurement environment, the government procurement reform and the financial supporting reforms such as departmental budget and centralized treasury payment are interrelated and interdependent, which has doubled the efficiency of procurement project application and fund allocation. On the contrary, the chaotic procurement environment can only reduce the procurement efficiency, waste valuable human, material and financial resources, and is not conducive to the improvement of procurement efficiency. Therefore, strengthening the construction of a harmonious government procurement environment is an urgent task at present. As far as the above three points are concerned, three enhancements need to be made:
(1) Strengthen the publicity of government procurement. Through discussion, news reports, internal briefings and other forms, we should vigorously carry out publicity activities on government procurement, further improve the understanding of the significance of implementing the government procurement system by all procurement parties, and enhance the initiative and consciousness of improving the efficiency of government procurement.
(2) Strengthen the construction of government procurement hardware facilities, and establish a scientific, perfect and sensitive computer network management information system, focusing on establishing a website, procurement management system and procurement payment and settlement system that are suitable for modern government procurement. Continuously improve the information system of suppliers, consultants and procurement information, gradually realize networking with other procurement networks, and realize information resource sharing, thus effectively shortening the time of some links in the procurement process and continuously improving procurement efficiency.
(3) Strengthen financial reform, focus on standardizing departmental budgets, refine procurement budgets, and improve the centralized treasury payment system. Government procurement budgets and departmental budgets shall be uniformly arranged, compiled, reviewed and approved, and online invoicing and online direct payment of procurement funds shall be implemented.
"Procurement procedure" factor.
Government procurement procedure is another important factor that restricts the efficiency of government procurement. As we all know, as long as the design of procurement procedures is slightly unreasonable, or formal checks and balances are overemphasized, there will be many links and poor consideration of key links, which will lead to unclear rights and responsibilities, buck passing and even failure of bidding, which will greatly affect procurement efficiency. For example, in the design of inquiry procurement procedures, the Government Procurement Law clearly stipulates that there are only four procedures. However, in practice, some purchasers design more inquiry procurement procedures, adding some unnecessary procedures, such as qualification examination of suppliers who have entered the warehouse management of different suppliers and requiring suppliers to submit samples, thus prolonging the procurement time and reducing the procurement efficiency. Therefore, under the premise of adhering to the procedures stipulated by laws and regulations such as the government procurement law, we should attach importance to the design of procurement procedures, constantly improve the operating procedures and systems of government procurement, reasonably determine the time nodes of each link in the procurement process, reduce unnecessary links, and make the whole procurement process reasonable and standardized. This requires us to:
First, improve government procurement procedures and strengthen standardized management. If a pre-bid meeting is held for a project subject to public bidding, questions should be focused on suppliers. The bid evaluation rules are incorporated into the tender documents, and all bid evaluation factors are scored quantitatively, which makes the bid evaluation results more scientific, objective and fair, effectively avoids queries and complaints, and reduces procurement efficiency.
Second, clarify the working procedures of various government procurement methods and strictly follow them. Third, establish and improve the on-site supervision system, quality control system, assessment and reward and punishment system in the procurement process to ensure and promote the improvement of government procurement efficiency.
"Organizational management" factor.
Reality tells us that both centralized procurement and decentralized procurement are related to the organization and management of the purchaser. Only when the organization is well managed can the operation be orderly and the procurement efficiency be improved well and quickly. On the other hand, if the organization and management are not good, it will be chaotic and full of problems. Not only can not complete the purchase on time, but also there may be repeated rework. Therefore, organizational management is also an important factor affecting the efficiency of government procurement. This requires us to:
First of all, we should establish and improve the procurement organization. As far as the purchaser is concerned, it is necessary to establish a special procurement agency if conditions permit, and a part-time procurement agency if conditions do not permit, so as to avoid inefficient "matching" procurement and random procurement; As far as procurement agencies are concerned, we should start with a sound and efficient internal working mechanism, optimize the internal organizational structure and improve the efficiency of government procurement. For example, straighten out the internal organization and change the "small but comprehensive" internal organization setting pattern into a "one-stop" internal organization setting pattern serving project procurement, thus effectively shortening the internal turnaround time of "one-time procurement", forming a "clear division of labor, clear responsibilities and scientific management" government procurement operation mechanism, and promoting the improvement of procurement efficiency.
Secondly, we should carefully organize procurement. Carefully prepare before purchasing, strengthen the seriousness of the plan, and avoid changing the purchase quantity and technical requirements at will; In procurement, on the basis of careful design and strict compliance with scientific procedures, we should strengthen on-site command, strengthen coordination and cooperation, and promote the improvement of procurement efficiency in an orderly and rapid manner. After purchasing, it is necessary to strengthen the organization and acceptance management of procurement projects. It is necessary to organize a strong inspection team with experts as the mainstay to check the equipment configuration and performance item by item according to the signed procurement contract, which can not only ensure and improve the inspection efficiency, but also give full play to the supervisory role of contract performance and ensure the quality of procurement projects.
"Procurement document making" factor.
Procurement documents include bidding documents, scoring methods, procurement contracts and supplementary documents. However, in the production of these documents, whether it is insufficient preparation, irregular production, unclear expression, incomplete content and so on. , will affect the efficiency of government procurement. Due to the limitation of space, here is only the tender preparation as an example. If the preparation is not sufficient, the procurement requirements put forward by the purchaser cannot be fully or accurately understood, so that the prepared tender is quite different from the requirements of the purchaser and needs to be re-made. If the tender is not clear about the supplier's qualification requirements, technical requirements, price requirements and implementation requirements (referring to transportation, installation, after-sales service, etc.). ), bid evaluation requirements and acceptance requirements, will produce all kinds of misunderstandings, produce all kinds of contradictions and problems, from modifying the tender to causing doubts and complaints or re-tendering; If the contents of the tender are incomplete, some substantive requirements may be missed, and relevant measures have to be taken to remedy them, thus prolonging the procurement cycle and reducing the procurement efficiency.
Therefore, people come to the conclusion that the meticulous and complete preparation of procurement documents is the basis of improving procurement efficiency, which shows how important it is to make procurement documents carefully to improve government procurement efficiency. This requires that the tender preparation should be comprehensive and meticulous, without discriminatory provisions and strong operability; The scoring method should be scientific and reasonable, closely related to the bidding content, and fully reflect the characteristics of the project and the actual requirements of the purchaser; The production of the procurement contract shall be consistent with the procurement documents, and the main terms of the contract shall meet the substantive requirements of the procurement documents, including the special requirements put forward by the government procurement management agency for the performance, acceptance and payment of the government procurement contract; Only in this way can the production of procurement documents meet the requirements, ensure and improve the efficiency of government procurement, ensure the complete success of procurement activities and satisfy the procurement parties.
"Quality of purchasing personnel" factor.
Reality tells us that the quality of procurement personnel directly determines the efficiency of government procurement. This is because employees with low professional quality are prone to make mistakes. For example, there are omissions in tender release, lax qualification examination, failure to affix the official seal of tender, information release errors, fax distortion and so on. , are caused by the carelessness or inexperience of employees, and these mistakes, even small problems, will directly affect the efficiency of government procurement, affect the smooth progress of procurement work, and even cause unexpected things (limited to space, I won't give examples here). On the contrary, employees with high professional quality are good and fast, whether they are bidding documents or auditing supplier qualifications. Therefore, some procurement agencies can organize a procurement activity every three to five days, while some centralized procurement agencies can't prepare a procurement activity for ten days and a half months. In addition, the professional ethics, professionalism, unity and cooperation, and hard-working quality of procurement practitioners are also important indicators, which also restrict all aspects of procurement efficiency and should be highly valued. Therefore, it is very important to improve the quality of procurement practitioners.
First of all, we should strengthen ideological construction. It is necessary to regularly carry out professional ethics education and law and discipline education among all employees in order to continuously improve their ideological quality;
Secondly, we should carry out normalized business training, that is, organize business training regularly, arrange various skills training into several training cycles, and then organize them one by one. Only in this way can we effectively improve the business skills of employees;
Thirdly, to carry out the activity of "creating first-class performance and striving for skills first" as a carrier to promote business skills learning, and then to promote employees to consciously improve their business skills by carrying out business skills competitions for various projects, such as bidding document making competitions;
Fourth, establish a training system, and send procurement practitioners to colleges and universities or centralized procurement institutions at the next higher level or advanced centralized procurement institutions for further training in batches. In this way, the business skills of procurement practitioners and the efficiency of government procurement will be significantly improved in a few years.