Build the economy and establish the rule of the landlord class. Countries have set off political reform movements, such as the Li Kui Reform of Wei State and the Wuqi Reform of Chu State. Shang Yang's political reform happened under this background. This social and political reform movement embodies the law that the relations of production must adapt to the development of productive forces and the economic base determines the superstructure. (1) forms two opposing classes. Since the Spring and Autumn Period, due to the popularization and use of ironware and Niu Geng, a large number of wasteland has been reclaimed, and some slave owners have turned newly reclaimed fields into private property for rent, thus two classes of landlords and peasants have emerged. ② The need of feudal economic development. During the Warring States period, the emerging landlord class set off a political reform movement in various countries in order to abolish the privileges of the old aristocrat Shi Qing and Shi Lu, establish feudal rule and develop feudal economy. (3) the need for hegemony between countries. At that time, there was fierce competition among the vassal States. In order to be in a favorable position in hegemony and not be annexed by other countries, countries are competing to reform Qiang Bing, a rich country. (4) In order to strengthen the strength of Qin, Qin Xiaogong introduced talents and made efforts to reform the country. So Shang Yang was reused.
Edit the economic measures in this paragraph.
The focus of Shang Yang's economic reform is to abolish the well-field system and implement private ownership of land. This is the only case in the Warring States period in which land ownership was changed nationwide through national politics and decrees. The main contents are as follows:
Opening a building in an abandoned mine field (for opening a building)
Shang Yang's major economic move is to "abandon the mining field and open a building". Historical Records records that Shang Yang "worked for the field, built and sealed the border, and paid a flat tax". "The Warring States Policy" said that Shang Yang "broke the building to teach the people to plow" and abolished the principle of "no porridge in the field". The so-called "building" refers to the irrigation canals and corresponding vertical and horizontal roads in the middle of the "mine field", which is called "building" vertically and "building" horizontally. "Fengjiang" is the boundary of the mine field sealed by the slave owners and nobles. "Opening the border and sealing the border" means withdrawing and sealing the border marked with state-owned land, abolishing slavery of state-owned land and implementing private ownership of land. Legally abolished the mining field system and established the private ownership of land. The law stipulates that people are allowed to open up wasteland, land can be bought and sold freely, and taxes are shared equally according to how much land each person occupies. Since then, although the Qin government still owns some state-owned land, such as ownerless wasteland, mountains and rivers, and land newly occupied by other countries, it has gradually turned into private ownership. Recognize land ownership in legal form and allow land sale. This destroyed the relations of production of slavery and promoted the development of feudal economy.
Pay attention to agriculture and restrain business, reward agricultural weaving.
Shang Yang carried out the policy of emphasizing agriculture and restraining business. It is stipulated that those who produce more grain and distribute more cloth can be exempted from labor and tax, with agriculture as the "industry" and commerce as the "last industry". The whole family was punished as an official slave because they abandoned their roots for the end, or idled and became poor. Shang Yang also recruited landless peasants in Qin State to open up wasteland. In order to encourage the small-scale peasant economy, it is also stipulated that every family with two sons must make a living independently after adulthood, or they will have to pay double taxes. It is forbidden for father and son (adults) to share the same room and implement the small family policy. These policies are conducive to increasing population, collecting corvee and household registration tax, and developing feudal economy. The reason why Shang Yang implemented the policy of emphasizing agriculture and restraining business is: 1. Agriculture is the most basic means of livelihood for people. 2. The state guarantees fiscal revenue through stable land tax. 3. It is conducive to social stability and binds farmers to the land. Industry and commerce will aggravate the loss of labor from the land, which will lead to various social problems. 5. If the commodity economy is underdeveloped, it is better to manage the land with peace of mind.
Unified measurement
Before Shang Yang's political reform, there was no unified measurement in all parts of Qin. In order to ensure the state's tax revenue, Shang Yang formulated standard weights and measures. The Shang Yang Quantity, which has been handed down now, has an inscription supervised by Qin Xiaogong that "one of the sixteen (inch) statues is a rise". According to Shang Yang Quantity, the standard scale of 1 specified by Shang Yang is about 0.23m today, and the standard scale of 1 is about 0.2l today. According to the measuring device and its inscription, unified measurement was very serious at that time. Shang Yang also unified the weights and measures such as bucket, bucket, weight, scale and ruler. Qin people are required to strictly implement it and must not violate it.
The Significance of unified measurement
First, there are standardized measurement standards all over the country, which provide convenient conditions for people to engage in economic and cultural exchanges. Second, it has played a positive role in the unification of tax system and salary system; Third, it is conducive to eliminating the influence of local separatist forces; Fourthly, it laid the foundation for the unified measurement of Qin Shihuang later.
Edit this paragraph of political reform measures
The focus of Shang Yang's political reform is to completely abolish the old "Shi Qing Shi Lu" system, establish a new feudal autocratic centralization of authority, and implement the county system. His contribution in this respect far exceeds that of Li Kui and Wuqi. The main contents are as follows:
Reward military service, implement military service title system, and organize military organizations.
Shang Yang ordered that "whoever has meritorious military service will be honored by himself, and those who fight privately will be punished", rewarding meritorious military service and prohibiting private fighting. It is stipulated that titles are awarded according to military service, and military service without imperial clan shall not be included in the public book. That is, "those who make meritorious deeds show honor, and those who do not make meritorious deeds are rich but not glorious." In other words, aristocratic children who have made contributions can enjoy prosperity; People without credit, although rich, should not be extravagant. The establishment of the military title system means that Shang Yang completely abolished the old system of Qing Shi Lu, and in the future, he will be awarded titles according to the size of military service, and officials will be selected from those who have military titles. After several years' development, the system of military service knighthood has developed into the famous system of 20 knighthood: one is a scholar, the other is a superior, the nineteenth is a Shanhaiguan, and the twentieth is a Chehou. According to "Hanshu" records: "For the sake of the law in Qin, I was given a first-class title and wanted to be an official for fifty stones." It also explains the reward method: beheading the enemy's head in the war and conferring a knight, which can be a 50-stone official; Cut off the enemy's head and give him a knighthood, which can be a hundred stone official. Titles at all levels stipulate the number of houses and handmaiden occupying farmland and the order of clothes. The so-called private struggle does not mean ordinary people fighting, but refers to "city fighting." "Yi" refers to an ordinary town occupied by slave owners. Slave owners often fought for land and property. The purpose of the new law is to weaken the power of slave owners and strengthen feudal centralization. The way to severely punish private fighting is: those who fight privately will be punished according to the seriousness of the case. Abolish the Shilu system, reward military achievements, develop military landlord forces, crack down on slave owners' aristocratic forces, safeguard emerging landlord forces, and develop Qin's military forces from "meeting foreigners" to "the country of tigers and wolves". Because of the praise of the meritorious military service, Qin Jun's combat effectiveness has been greatly enhanced. In foreign wars, Qin's national strength was further enhanced, thus reversing the long-term passive backwardness. In 355 BC, Qin Xiaogong and Wei Huiwang joined forces in Du Ping, ending the passive situation of long-term nonalignment between Qin State and Central Plains governors and improving the status of Qin State. Qin also gradually occupied Bashu area with fertile land and high agricultural development level and northwest area rich in cattle and horses by force, and social production developed rapidly, laying a material foundation for Qin's reunification. It has improved people's living standards.
In addition to the Qing dynasty, the Shilu system encouraged the imperial clan nobles to establish military exploits.
According to Records of the Historical Records, the State of Qin stipulated that "the imperial clan must have a theory of meritorious military service, and it is not allowed to follow. In the Ming Dynasty, the official rank and rank were different, the name of Tian Zhai was different, and the clothes of male and female servants were also different. Those who make meritorious deeds show their glory, and those who have no merit are rich. " That is, the level of aristocratic status is determined by the size of military service. This rule dealt a heavy blow to the old nobles of slave owners, and thus aroused their disgust. "Historical Records" records: "Shang Jun entered Qin for ten years, and the imperial clan was rich and resentful." Any political reform in history is not only a re-selection of the general plan of governing the country, but also a re-adjustment of interest relations, which is also the real reason for the obstruction of reform.
Reform the household registration system and implement the method of sitting on the ground.
The capital, towns, cities and gathering places of Qin were once natural places for residents of all sizes. In order to strengthen the feudal autocratic rule and manage the vast number of residents, Shang Yang stipulated that residents should register their household registration. Use heavy penalties for misdemeanors. Li Kui's "Law Classic" was promulgated and implemented, which increased the method of sitting together. The main contents are: residents take five as "five", ten as "ten" and ten and five as basic administrative units. According to the preparation, registration and household registration, and ordered mutual supervision. If one family is guilty, nine families will report it. If they don't report it, ten families will sit together for the same crime. Those who don't report traitors will be beheaded, those who report "traitors" will be rewarded to cut off the enemy, and those who hide traitors will be punished to surrender the enemy. This is the same as the later Baojia system. Shang Yang also stipulated that hotels should not take in people without official documents, otherwise the owners would have to sit together.
Implement the county system
Shang Yang's major reform was to "set small cities as counties", take counties as local administrative units, and abolish the feudal system, "every 31 counties" (some history books think it is 4 1 county or 36 counties). County magistrate is in charge of county administration, county magistrate assists county magistrate, and county commandant is in charge of military affairs. The county has jurisdiction over several cities, townships, cities and towns. By setting up a county, Shang Yang brought the political privilege of the Lord to the central government. This measure effectively cooperated with the policy of "abandoning mines for construction" and ensured the private ownership of land by political means. It consolidated the centralized feudal rule and weakened the local power of the rich and nobles. Later, Qin established a county in the newly occupied area. The scope of the county is very large, with the nature of border defense, so the chief of the county is called the county guard. Later, the situation in the county was stable and turned into civil affairs, so there were several counties under the county, forming the county system of Qin State.
Make the Qin law burn poetry books and make laws
Shang Yang's measures are to eliminate the interference of retro ideas, conform to legalist ideas, and maintain the rule of Qin State to a certain extent. The high-pressure policy of "burning poems" initiated by Shang Yang not only greatly suppressed people's thoughts, but also destroyed China's cultural classics.
Edit this social custom.
Shang Yang practiced monogamy and small family policy: father and son were forbidden to share the same room with adult brothers; It is stipulated that if more than two sons in a household have not separated at the age of establishing a household, the household registration tax will be doubled.
The purpose and function of editing this reform
Goal: Qiang Bing's role as a rich country: there is a prosperous scene of "more than enough people at home". People all over the country are ashamed of private warfare, thinking that the country has made great achievements and its combat effectiveness has been continuously enhanced. At the end of the Warring States period, Qin became the most powerful country. The old system was abolished, agricultural production was promoted, the combat effectiveness of the army was improved, and the national strength suddenly increased, making Qin the most prosperous vassal state at the end of the Warring States period, laying the foundation for the ultimate great cause of reunification.
Edit the process of this reform
Shang Yang's political reform was carried out twice. The first time began in 356 BC and the second time in 350 BC.
Edit this paragraph and move the wood as a letter.
Original: Shang Yang's decree of change has been issued, but it has not been issued, for fear that the people will not believe in themselves. Is to set up a tree at the south gate of the country to raise ten gold for those who can move north. People blame it and dare not migrate. He replied, "Those who can migrate will be rewarded with fifty gold." There is a person who moves to it and needs to pay 50 gold, making it clear that he will not cheat. Reform after Shang Yang's death.
Line up for the people. The decree of Shang Yang's political reform has been prepared, but it has not been announced yet. Worried that the people don't believe in themselves, he erected a three-foot-high wood outside the south gate of Guodu market, with a notice posted on it: whoever can move this wooden stick to the north gate of the market will be rewarded with twelve ounces of gold. People are surprised that no one dares to touch it. Shang Yang also showed the notice and said, "Give him fifty gold if you can move it." A man got up the courage to move the wood to the north gate of the market, and Shang Yang immediately ordered him to give him fifty gold to show his promise. Then Shang Yang ordered the reform, and the new law was soon implemented throughout the country. In his early years, Mao Zedong pointed out when commenting on the story of "moving wood to establish a letter": "The method of Shang Yang is also. ..... Its law protects civil rights by punishing rape, enhances people's wealth by farming and weaving, establishes national prestige by holding military achievements, and kills the poor and idles. This is a great policy that China has never had before. Why do people fear and not believe? It is a person who must move the wood to establish a letter, so I know that the ruler has taken great pains. " It is not difficult to move a piece of wood, and the key is to establish the credibility that is difficult to buy.
Edit this paragraph of Shang Yang's struggle with the old aristocratic forces.
Shang Yang's political reform violated the interests of the nobles and was strongly opposed by them. Prince Fu's son Qian and Prince Gong also instigated the prince to openly oppose it. With the support of filial piety, Shang Yang strengthened his ideological rule and the new law was implemented. However, in the first 338 years, Xiao Gong died, and the Shang Prince was succeeded by Qin Hui Wang. Gongzi Qian and others took the opportunity to launch a counterattack, framed Shang Yang for "rebellion", arrested him and chopped his car. Although Shang Yang died, King Hui of Qin and his descendants continued to implement Shang Yang's new law, and Qin's national strength continued to develop, which laid the foundation for Qin to destroy six countries and unify China. The Reforms of Shang Yang
Shang Yang's political reform was an important political and social reform in the Warring States period. Through this political reform, the old system was abolished and a new system was established, and the state of Qin has undergone fundamental changes. The fighting capacity of Qin State has been greatly improved. The poor support it because the reform has improved their social status.
The reason for the success of Shang Yang's political reform lies in this paragraph.
1. conforms to the historical trend. 2. Formulated a series of concrete and effective measures. 3. Dare to fight against the old forces. 4. win the trust of the people and win the trust of the people. 5. The support of the monarch. 6. Jin State, including Qin for a long time, is divided into three countries: Korea, Zhao and Wei. 7. In 356 BC, the wise men of the Central Plains lobbied the State of Qin, Shang Yang helped to brew the political reform, and the old nobles stood up and rebelled. They think that profit is unchangeable and it is not easy to use. "There is nothing wrong with the ancient law, and there is nothing wrong with politeness." Shang Yang pointed out in a tit-for-tat way: "What was the ancient law in the past? If the emperor doesn't mend fences, why follow? " "Governing the world is different. At that time, the country was illegal, so Tang Wu was king without courtesy, and Yan Xia was not easy to die without courtesy. It is essential to resist the ancients, but there are not many people who follow the ceremony. " Therefore, he advocated "establishing the ceremony at that time and making the ceremony according to the matter" (Shang Jun Gengfa, Historical Records and Biography of Shang Jun). This refuted the so-called "legalist" and "etiquette" of the old aristocracy with the thought of historical evolution, and made public opinion preparations for the implementation of the reform. The illustration of "Shang Yang's war of words" in the textbook is a portrayal of this great debate at that time. Any reform and change in the history of "Qin people have no mercy" is not only a re-choice of the general plan of governing the country, but also a re-adjustment of the interest relationship. This is the real reason why the reform will be resisted. Because Shang Yang's reform measures, such as abolishing mining fields and rewarding farming, violated the monopoly privileges of the aristocratic class on land and official positions, they were strongly opposed by vested interest groups headed by the prince. However, Shang Yang was not intimidated by these powerful people. He believes that laws are not just made to punish ordinary people. Since ancient times, "if the law does not obey, it will be from top to bottom", so he advocated punishing the two teachers who instigated the prince to disobey the new law first. As a result, Gong's face was engraved with ink, while Gong Ziqian's nose was cut off because of repeated education. Shang Yang's move really played the role of "killing the chicken to show the monkey". When people see that even the teacher of the prince can't escape the punishment of the law, they never dare to have any luck again. After the efforts of Shang Yang, the new law "has been implemented for ten years, and Qin Min is very happy. There are no thieves in the mountains, and the family gives enough to others. People are brave in public war, afraid of private fighting, and township governance. " However, any social practice must pay a price, especially reform and change. With the death of Qin Xiaogong, Shang Yang lost his power base. With the support of conservatives, the enthroned Prince made a comeback and took crazy revenge on Shang Yang. They not only forced Shang Yang to rebel by false accusation, but also dismembered him by the most cruel atrocities. Although Shang Yang suffered great misfortune, the great cause of political reform initiated by him became irreversible because it conformed to the historical trend, and finally had a far-reaching impact on the reunification of the Qin Dynasty. Of course, from today's perspective, Shang Yang's thought of "practicing knife and saw, using armored soldiers for external use", superstitious violence and despising enlightenment also has its obvious historical limitations. He used simple and rude political means to deal with ideological problems, burned poems and books, practiced obscurantism and cultural autocracy, and even pursued the method of doing nothing, which had a certain degree of negative influence. It is precisely because of this influence that he died of the revenge of the nobles and "Qin people were not pitied." Enlightenment: ① Reform can promote social and economic development, strengthen national strength and improve national status. Reform is the driving force of development and the road to a strong country. (2) the reform is not smooth sailing, and sometimes it even costs blood. The reform that conforms to the historical trend will eventually win. Today, we must accelerate the construction of a harmonious socialist society, not deepen reform, and be brave in innovation.
Edit the details of this reform.
1 reason and background: (1) developing feudal economy and establishing landlord class rule (main reason); The desire of the country to be rich and strong. (2) The Warring States Period. 2 Start time: 3 reigning monarch in 356 BC: Qin Xiaogong 4 Reform contents: (1) Prepare household registration, strengthen punishment (conducive to strengthening centralization) (2) Encourage the development of agriculture, reward production (conducive to the economic development of Qin State) (3) Reward the army, and cancel the "clear record" system (conducive to improving the combat effectiveness of the army and infringing on the interests of the old slave owners and nobles). Recognize the private ownership of land (the most crucial item in establishing the rule of the landlord class) (5) Implement the county system (6) Unify unified measurement, currency and train tracks (7) Rectify the social customs of Qin State, implement the monogamous family system, and stipulate that father and son are not allowed to share the same room with adult brothers. If they still live apart after adulthood, the household registration tax will be doubled (8) Implement the 20 th rank system (5) Impact: (/) (2) It laid the foundation for Qin to unify the six countries. (3) However, Shang Yang's severe punishment policy and cultural coercion also had a negative impact on the later Qin Dynasty. Message: "If you don't rule the world together, the country will be illegal." -Shang Yang 6 Nature: It is a relatively thorough reform of the landlord class. Role: Qin's economy developed, and its army's combat effectiveness was strengthened, making it the most prosperous feudal country at the end of the Warring States Period. At the same time, it also established the mode of production in which landlords exploited farmers by occupying land in feudal society. 8 Conditions for the success of political reform: (1) The reform should conform to the interests of the people, and "those who win the hearts of the people will win the world". (2) Reform should conform to the trend of social development and keep up with the development of the times. (3) The reform should have a good environment. 9 Enlightenment: (1) Reform is the driving force to promote social progress, and only reform can make the country rich and strong. (2) Like Shang Yang, we should conform to the historical trend and be brave in reform and innovation.
Edit this paragraph, Shang Yang.
Shang Yang (about 390-338 BC), a native of Weiguo (now Anyang City, Henan Province), was a statesman in the Warring States Period and a famous representative of Legalism. The descendant of the Duke of Wei was named Wei Yang, also known as Gongsun Yang, and was later named Shang Yang. In the reign of 19, Qin ruled the country, which was known as Shang Yang's political reform in history. When Shang Yang was young, he was good at learning the name of punishment, and served as a middle-aged son (or "prince") under Wei Xianggong's uncle Cuo. Uncle Wrong recommended it to Wei Huiwang before his death, but King Hui could not use it. After Shang Yang went to Qin State, Xiao Gong saw the meaning of applying for political reform and improvement, and Xiao Gong greatly appreciated it. However, his theory was opposed by Gan Long, Du Zhi and other powerful people, which created the public opinion that "the wise rule without changing the law" and "the legalist has no hesitation". However, Qin Xiaogong remained unmoved and ordered the reform with Shang Yang as the left patriarch. After the promulgation of the law, Shang Yang put three-foot-long wood in the south gate of the capital, and was able to move the wood to the north gate to reward twelve ounces of gold, but no one responded. He also raised the reward to 50 gold, and one person subscribed for 50 gold to win the trust of the people. At that time, the prince broke the law, and Shang Yang punished his masters, Gongzi Qian and Gongsun Jia. The commentary of the Warring States Policy on this matter is: "Governing the Qin Dynasty, enforcing laws and regulations, being impartial, upright and powerful, and not appreciating privacy, is like a prince. After the end of the year, the road will not be answered, the people will not take it, and the soldiers will be strong and the princes will be afraid. " Shang Yang's courage to enforce the law did not avoid expensive situation, which caused great shock in Qin State. This is an important reason why everyone can abide by the law. A few years after the implementation of the new law, Qin people had enough food and clothing, and their subjects dared to be public but not private, so the country flourished and filial piety took Shang Yang as a big tool. Two years later, Qin moved to Xianyang from Yong (now Fengxiang, Shaanxi Province) and changed the law for the second time. In the twentieth year of filial piety (342 BC), the state of Qin became rich and powerful. Zhou He and other officials sent people to Qin Daoxi. The following year, Qin took advantage of Wei's defeat in the Battle of Maling and conquered Wei. Wei Gongzi Ang led the army to refuse, Shang Yang used deception to win Ang and Pojun, and Wei cut Hexi (now eastern Shaanxi) to make peace with Qin. Shang Yang was named 15 as the title of Shang Dynasty (now Shangxian County, Shaanxi Province, Xixia Region, Henan Province) for this feat, and was called Shang Jun ... When Shang Yang and Qin Xiang were in power, Shang Yang's strict law enforcement aroused the resentment of Qin nobles. After filial piety, Prince Qin was named Li. In order to repay the debt, the pious son accused Shang Yang of trying to rebel and sent officials to arrest him. Shang Yang intended to escape to Wei, but Ren Wei refused to accept him because his son Ang was cheated. Shang Yang had no choice but to return to the State of Qin, but his followers sent troops to attack Zheng (now hua county, Shaanxi) and were defeated and killed. After Hui Wang was brought back to the capital, he crashed his car and destroyed his family. In order to meet the requirements of social, political and economic changes, Shang Yang emphasized education reform from his argument that "governing the world differently makes the country lawless". In his view, the foundation of governing the country is to emphasize the agricultural war. To make Qiang Bing rich, it is necessary to publicize the legal system and cultivate talents under the rule of law. Shang Yang criticized Confucianism, which took poetry, calligraphy, ceremony and music as its educational contents, and advocated "burning poetry to make the law clear" and replacing "the teaching of the former king" with the rule of law education with the content of encouraging farming. It is believed that the rule of law is the basis of the rule of virtue, and the law must be "easy to understand"; We should take judges as teachers, explain laws and regulations to the people, let "everyone know what they have done", and take education as a tool to publicize the legal system and cultivate talents under the rule of law. Shang Yang wrote the book Shang Jun, which was handed down from generation to generation.
Edit the original paragraph
Filial piety with Wei Yang, want to reform, afraid of the world from the discussion. People will not believe it if it is forbidden. Is to set up a tree at the south gate of the country to raise ten gold for those who can move to the north gate. People blame it and dare not migrate. He replied, "Fifty gold for those who can move!" There is a person who moves to it and needs to pay 50 gold, making it clear that he will not cheat. Order of death -from "Historical Records and Biography of Shang Jun", Volume 68.
Edit the translation of this paragraph.
Wei Yang soon worked out a reform plan. Xiao Gong totally agrees. Wei Yang was afraid that the new law had no prestige and the people didn't believe it, so he thought of a way. He asked someone to erect a 30-foot-long wood at the south gate of the capital, and posted a notice next to it saying, "Who can carry this wood to the north gate and give him twelve ounces of gold?" Soon, the forest was full of people. Everyone kept whispering in their hearts: this piece of wood weighs at most 100 kilograms, and it is not difficult to carry a few miles. How can you give so much gold? Maybe there's a trap. As a result, no one dared to carry it Seeing that no one was carrying it, Wei Yang raised the reward to fifty gold. In this way, people are even more confused, and they don't know what medicine this new Zuo Shu is selling. At this moment, I saw a stout man separate from the crowd, stepped forward and said, "I'll try." Pick up the wood and go. Many spectators followed curiously until they reached the north gate. I see new ones waiting there. He praised the big fellow and said, "Well, you are a good citizen and you can trust and carry out my orders." Then he gave him the fifty gold medals he had prepared.
Edit the comments of this paragraph:
1. Filial piety: Qin Xiaogong. 2. Weiyang: Name, namely Shang Yang. 3. Tools: complete. 4. It means: soon, soon. 5.zhé: Just. 6. pawn: finally. 7. Order: issue a decree. Introduction: This article tells an example of Shang Yang trying to win the trust of the people in order to implement a new law.
Edit this paragraph about the establishment of Shang Yang's theory of moving wood.
I read the history of Shang Yang's migration and letter building, lamented the stupidity of our people, lamented the painstaking efforts of the rulers, lamented that the wisdom of the people has not been opened for thousands of years, and the country has perished. If you believe me, please tell me. People who make laws seek happiness on behalf of others. If the law is good, our people will have more happiness. Our people are afraid that they will not publish this law, or that they will not be effective. They will do their best to protect it, maintain it and ensure that the goal of perfection is achieved. The government and the people depend on each other. Is there any reason not to believe it? If the law is not good, it will not only have no happiness, but also have enough fear of harm. Our people will try their best to stop this law. Although you want me to believe it, do you have reason to believe it? However, if Shang Yang's opposition to Qin Min's fitness is at this rate, what can be done to suppress it? Shang Yang's method is also a good one. Today, let's take a look at China's record of more than 4,000 years. As a great politician who benefits the country and the people, isn't Shang Yang second to none? When Yang Weixiao was young, the Central Plains was boiling, wars were raging, and the whole country was exhausted beyond words. Therefore, it is not difficult to defeat other countries and unify the Central Plains. Therefore, a decree was issued to punish rape and protect civil rights, cultivate and weave to enhance the people's wealth, respect the country's prestige and exhaust it. This is a big policy that China has never had before. Why should people be afraid and not believe? Is a person who must move wood to establish a letter. I am a politician who works hard. I know how stupid our people are. I know that the dark country of people's wisdom has been abandoned for thousands of years. Although, very primitive, CoCo Lee was afraid. The people are the people, and the law is the other way. What is wrong with me? I am particularly afraid that if all civilized people in the East and West hear about the move to Mulixin, I will laugh my head off. Ho ho! I want to be speechless. Mao Zedong.
Edit the idiom "hang yourself"
Shang Yang, formerly known as Wei Yang, made Qin rich and enfeoffed the commercial land after the successful political reform. However, because the reform touched the interests of many old nobles, the book saw that "Shang Yang's strict law enforcement in the Qin Dynasty aroused the resentment of Qin nobles. After filial piety, Prince Qin was named Li. In order to repay the debt, the pious son accused Shang Yang of trying to rebel and sent officials to arrest him. Shang Yang intended to escape to Wei, but Ren Wei refused to accept him because his son Ang was cheated. Shang Yang had no choice but to return to the State of Qin, but his followers sent troops to attack Zheng (now hua county, Shaanxi) and were defeated and killed. Brought back to the capital, Hui Wang broke his car and ruined his family. " It means that Shang Yang offended Gongzi Qian and others in the political reform, and Qin Wanghui ordered Shang Yang to be hunted down after he ascended the throne. After the defeat, he fled to a business place and stayed in a hotel. The bartender said, "Shang Jun has ordered the hotel not to take in people without official documents, otherwise the shopkeepers will sit together." Shang Yang has no way to continue his path. After being arrested on the road, he was escorted to Xianyang to drive. To put it simply, in order to facilitate the flow of management personnel, Shang Yang's political reform issued a decree requiring lodgers to have certificates. But in the end, because of this rule, I crashed my car and died. Later generations said that "Shang Yang reformed and committed suicide".