The industrial chain of the Internet of Things can be subdivided into four links: identification, perception, information transmission and data processing, among which the core technologies mainly include radio frequency identification technology, sensing technology, network and communication technology and data mining and fusion technology.
What are the core technologies of the Internet of Things?
Internet of things technology includes three aspects:
1, application technology: data storage, parallel computing, data mining, platform service, information presentation;
2. Network technologies: low-speed and low-power short-range wireless, IPV6, wide-area wireless access enhancement, gateway technology and AD HOC.
Network, regional broadband wireless access, wide area core network enhancement, node technology;
3. Sensing technology: sensor, actuator, RFID tag, two-dimensional bar code;
The core of Internet of Things technology: wireless sensor network (WSN) and radio frequency identification (RFID);
Computer major mainly studies the application, construction, operation, maintenance, management and service of Internet of Things technology.
What are the main technologies of the Internet of Things?
Terminal access technology
There are many types of IOT terminals, including IOT gateways, communication modules and a large number of industrial terminals, among which the types of industrial terminals are the most abundant. From the point of terminal access, Internet of Things gateway, communication module and intelligent terminal are the focus of attention at present.
Internet of Things Gateway: It is a key device connecting sensor networks and communication networks. Its main functions include data aggregation, data transmission, protocol adaptation and node management. In the Internet of Things environment, the Internet of Things gateway is a standard network element device. On the one hand, it integrates heterogeneous sensor networks with different technologies and transmits the data of sensor networks remotely through communication networks. On the other hand, the Internet of Things gateway is connected with the remote operation platform to provide users with manageable and guaranteed services.
Communication module: it is an independent component installed in the terminal, used for long-distance transmission of information, and an independent functional block for data communication of the terminal. The communication module is the foundation of the application terminal of the Internet of Things. There are many kinds of industrial terminals in the Internet of Things, with different volumes, processing capabilities and external interfaces. The communication module will become the unified carrier of the intelligent service channel of the Internet of Things, embedded in various industrial terminals, and provide intelligent channel services for all walks of life.
Intelligent terminal: A terminal node that meets the needs of various intelligent applications of the Internet of Things and has certain data processing capabilities. Besides data acquisition, it also has certain computing, processing and execution capabilities. Intelligent terminal is closely related to application requirements. For example, the intelligent monitoring terminal applied in the field of elevator monitoring not only has the function of collecting elevator operation parameters, but also has the function of real-time analysis and early warning. The intelligent monitoring terminal can analyze the elevator situation in real time during the elevator operation, and send alarm information to the remote administrator before the elevator failure occurs, which plays the role of remote intelligent management.
Platform service technology
An ideal application architecture of the Internet of Things should have a * * * capability platform, which can provide common service capabilities for all walks of life, such as centralized data management, communication management, and basic capability call (such as positioning, etc.). ), business process customization, equipment maintenance services.
M2M platform: it is a management and monitoring terminal, and provides an intermediate platform for industry application system to forward industry application data. The platform will realize terminal access control, terminal monitoring control, terminal private protocol adaptation, industry application system access, industry application private protocol adaptation, industry application data forwarding, application generation environment, application operation environment, business operation management and other functions. M2M platform is an operating platform, which provides an intelligent pipeline for machine-to-machine communication. It can control the terminal to use the network reasonably, monitor the terminal traffic and distribution early warning, provide auxiliary rapid fault location, and provide convenient terminal remote maintenance and operation tools.
Cloud service platform: based on cloud computing technology, build an IOT cloud service platform, provide a unified service delivery platform for different IOT applications, provide massive computing and storage resources, provide a unified data storage format and data processing and analysis means, greatly simplify the application delivery process and reduce delivery costs. With the integration of cloud computing and the Internet of Things, the Internet of Things will present the characteristics of diversified data acquisition terminals, ubiquitous transmission networks and intelligent background processing.
What aspects does the technical system of the Internet of Things include?
At present, there are three recognized:
1. Perception layer: The perception layer is the skin and five senses of the Internet of Things-identifying objects and collecting information. Perception layer includes two-dimensional code tag and reader, RFID tag and reader, camera, GPS and so on. Its main function is to identify objects and collect information, similar to the role of skin and five senses in human structure.
2. Network layer: The network layer is the nerve center and brain of the Internet of Things-information transmission and processing. The network layer includes a comprehensive network of communication and Internet, a network management center and an information processing center. The network layer transmits and processes the information obtained by the perception layer, which is similar to the nerve center and brain in the human body structure. Weikang education,
3. Application layer: The application layer is the "social division of labor" of the Internet of Things-combining the needs of the industry to achieve extensive intelligence. The application layer is the deep integration of the Internet of Things and the professional technology of the industry, combining with the needs of the industry, realizing the intelligence of the industry, similar to the social division of labor of people, and finally forming the human society!
What industries does the Internet of Things industry refer to?
The industrial chain of the Internet of Things is very long, and its architecture is roughly divided into three levels: perception layer, network layer and application layer, and each level involves many subdivision fields.
The function of the perception layer is mainly to obtain information, collect physical events and data in the physical world, and realize the perception and recognition of information in the outside world. Including traditional wireless sensor networks, global positioning systems, radio frequency identification, bar code readers and so on. This layer mainly involves two key technologies: sensing technology and identification technology. The perception of sensor network is mainly to obtain and identify the information of material properties (such as temperature, humidity, pressure, etc.). ), environmental status, behavior and other information, through various types of sensors to obtain large-scale, distributed. It can be used in environmental monitoring, telemedicine, smart home and other fields. Identification technology realizes the interconnection of any object in the Internet of Things by assigning each object a unique identification code.
The network layer mainly completes the transmission and processing of perceptual information, which has high reliability and high security. From the perspective of concrete implementation, this layer is divided into three layers from bottom to top: access network, core network and business network. ① Access network: it mainly covers the network access of various devices, emphasizing various access methods, such as existing cellular mobile communication networks, wireless local area networks/metropolitan area networks, satellite communication networks and various wired networks. ② Core network: it mainly completes the long-distance transmission of information. At present, it relies on the existing Internet, telecommunication network or television network. With the advancement of triple play, the core network will develop into an all-IP network. ③ Business network: it is the core component to realize the business capability and operational support capability of the Internet of Things.
The application layer mainly uses the perceived data after analysis and processing to connect the Internet of Things technology with the information needs of individuals, families and industries, which can provide users with rich service content and greatly improve the intelligence of production and life, and has a very broad application prospect. Its application can be divided into monitoring type (logistics monitoring, pollution monitoring, disaster monitoring), inquiry type (intelligent retrieval, remote meter reading), control type (intelligent transportation, smart home, street lamp control, telemedicine, green agriculture), scanning type (mobile wallet, etc.) and so on.
What are the core technologies of the Internet of Things?
There are three key technologies in the application of Internet of Things.
1, sensor technology: This is also the key technology in computer application. As we all know, up to now, most computers are processing digital signals. Since the advent of computers, sensors have been needed to convert analog signals into digital signals, and then computers can process them.
2.RFID tag: It is also a sensor technology. RFID technology is a comprehensive technology that integrates RF technology and embedded technology. RFID has a broad application prospect in automatic identification and cargo logistics management.
3. Embedded system technology: it is a complex technology integrating computer software and hardware, sensor technology, integrated circuit technology and electronic application technology. After decades of evolution, intelligent terminal products characterized by embedded systems can be seen everywhere; From MP3 players around people to satellite systems in aerospace. Embedded system is changing people's lives and promoting the development of industrial production and national defense industry. If the Internet of Things is simply likened to the human body, sensors are equivalent to human eyes, nose, skin and other senses, the network is the nervous system that transmits information, and the embedded system is the human brain. After receiving the information, it should be classified. This example vividly describes the position and role of sensors and embedded systems in the Internet of Things.
What are the key technologies of the Internet of Things?
The core and foundation of "Internet of Things technology" is still "Internet technology", which is the extension and expansion of network technology based on Internet technology. Its client extends to any object and exchanges information and communication between objects. Therefore, the definition of Internet of Things technology is: through radio frequency identification (RFID), infrared sensors, global positioning system, laser scanners and other information sensing equipment. According to the agreed agreement, everything is connected to the Internet for information exchange and communication, so as to realize intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management. This is the so-called Internet of Things technology.
definition
Internet of Things refers to ubiquitous terminal equipment and facilities, including sensors with "intrinsic intelligence", mobile terminals, industrial systems, numerical control systems, home intelligent facilities, video monitoring systems and so on. And "externally enabled". Such as "intelligent objects or animals" or "intelligent dust", such as various assets marked with RFID, individuals and vehicles carrying wireless terminals, etc. , through a variety of wireless and/or wired long-distance and/or short-distance communication networks to achieve interoperability (M2M), application integration, SaaS operation based on cloud computing, etc., in the intranet, extranet and/or Internet environment, appropriate information security guarantee mechanism is adopted to provide safe, controllable and even personalized real-time online monitoring, position tracking, alarm linkage, dispatching and command, plan management, remote control, security prevention and remote maintenance.
What are the main applications of Internet of Things technology?
The Internet of Things fully applies the new generation of IT technology to all walks of life. Specifically, sensors are embedded and equipped in various objects such as power grids, railways, bridges, tunnels, expressway, buildings, water supply systems, dams, oil and gas pipelines, and then the Internet is integrated with the existing Internet to realize the integration of human society and physical systems. In this integrated network, there is a super powerful central computer group. People, machines, equipment and infrastructure in the integrated network can be managed and controlled in real time. On this basis, human beings can manage production and life more carefully and dynamically, achieve a "smart" state, improve resource utilization and productivity, and improve the relationship between man and nature.
Undoubtedly, if the "Internet of Things" era comes, people's daily life will undergo earth-shaking changes.
At present, there is still a long way to go for the consumer-grade Internet of Things, but the industrial-grade Internet of Things has a very mature scheme!