20 18 knowledge points of three-level diagnostic skills for psychological counselors
First, how to determine the content and scope of the conversation when conducting psychological counseling for help seekers? (Level 3 Skill P4-5)
1. Help content provided by helper.
2. The doubts observed by the psychological counselor in the reception for the first visit.
3. Psychological counselors can find problems and talk according to the preliminary analysis of psychological evaluation results.
4. The conversation goal issued by the superior psychological counselor for further diagnosis.
5. If there are multiple contents in the dialogue target, they should be dealt with separately.
2. What inappropriate questioning methods should be avoided in consultation? (level 3 skill P 12)
1, avoid asking "why" questions.
2. Avoid the problem of multiple selectivity.
3. Avoid multiple problems.
4. Avoid decorative rhetorical questions.
5. Avoid blaming the problem.
6. Avoid interpretative problems.
3. What principles should be grasped when choosing the conversation content when talking with the help-seekers? (level 3 skill P 12)
1. It is suitable for the receptivity of help seekers and their interests.
2. It is directly or indirectly related to the cause of the helper.
3. It plays a key role in customer's personality development or correction.
4. It is meaningful to explore the deep-seated reasons of help seekers.
5. This is very meaningful for the differential diagnosis of patients' symptoms.
6. It has a positive effect on changing the attitude of help-seekers, and helps help help help them improve their cognition and correctly understand the problems. There is a big taboo when choosing the content of conversation, that is, don't take the symptoms of schizophrenia as the content of conversation and discussion.
7. Effectiveness of negotiation methods. Whether the negotiation method can be effectively implemented depends on whether the consultant can correctly grasp the psychological state and behavioral characteristics of the clients.
4. What should I pay attention to when having an induction dialogue with helpers? (level 3 skill P 13)
1. Attitude must be neutral.
2. Avoid asking mistakes.
3. In the intake dialogue, you can't say anything off topic except questions and guidance.
4. You can't stop or divert the conversation of the helper with the language of accusation and criticism.
After the conversation, you should not give an absolute conclusion.
6. The conclusion should be sincere and polite, and should not end with blunt words, so as not to cause misunderstanding of the helper.
5. How to make a qualitative analysis of the psychological activities of the clients? (Page 26-29 of Level 3 Skills)
1. According to the three principles of judging normal psychological activities and abnormal psychological activities, we can know that the psychological activities of help seekers are consistent with the objective environment in form and content and conform to the principle of unity; Coordination among various psychological processes; His personality is relatively stable, so his psychological activities are within the normal range.
2. Judging from the "seeking behavior" of the helper, it can be seen that the helper in this case showed a strong desire to seek medical treatment and took the initiative to seek medical treatment.
3. From the analysis of the "self-knowledge" degree of the "symptoms" of the help-seekers, we can know that the help-seekers in this case can recognize their psychological and behavioral abnormalities and analyze the reasons, hoping to solve them through certain methods.
Three-level consulting skills (knowledge issues)
First, how to establish a good consultation relationship with the help seekers in the consultation process? (Level 3 Skill P53)
1. Establishing a good counseling relationship is the core content of psychological counseling.
2. Correct consulting attitude is an important basis for establishing a good consulting relationship.
3, the ways and means to establish a good relationship are:
(1) Respect
(2) enthusiasm
(3) Sincerity
(4)***
(5) Active attention
Second, how do psychological counselors grasp the emotional skills in counseling in view of the psychological problems of help seekers? (Level 3 skill P60-6 1)
To correctly understand and use * * * emotions, we should pay attention to the following points:
1. Consultants should go out of their own frame of reference and enter the client's frame of reference.
2. When necessary, the consultant should verify whether he is * * *.
3, the expression of feelings for * * * will vary from person to person.
4. Be good at expressing feelings with body language.
5, to express * * * feelings should be good at grasping the role.
6. The word * * * should take into account the characteristics and cultural background of those seeking help.
Third, how to agree on the consulting objectives with the help seekers? (Level 3 Skill P63-75)
1. First of all, introduce the contents and principles of consulting objectives to helpers.
2. According to the effective characteristics of the consulting objective, it is agreed one by one according to the contents of psychology, positivity, concreteness (quantification), feasibility, evaluability, mutual acceptance and multi-level unification.
3. The consultation objectives are mutually agreed, and cannot be unilaterally set by consultants or helpers.
4. When the opinions of the helper and the consultant are inconsistent, the opinions of the helper shall prevail.
5. Consultants should integrate consulting objectives.
6. The final negotiation goal is determined in written or oral form.
7. After the negotiation target is formulated, it can be modified with the consent of both parties.
4. How can psychological counselors reach an agreement with clients on the effective characteristics of counseling objectives? (Level 3 Skill P68)
The consulting objectives are agreed by the consultant and the client.
1.
feasible
positive
4. Both sides can accept it
5. It is psychological in nature.
6. Taxable
7. Multi-level unification
The negotiation objectives can be modified, but they need to be re-agreed by both parties.
5. What are the basic elements of effective consultation objectives? (Level 3 Skill P68)
1.
feasible
3. It can be evaluated
positive
This is acceptable to both sides.
6. It is psychological in nature.
7. Multi-level unification
Six, how to divide the consultation stage for the help-seekers, and inform its main contents. (Level 3 Skill P73)
1, diagnosis stage:
(1) Establish a consulting relationship
(2) Psychological diagnosis
(3) Determine the consulting objectives and formulate the implementation plan.
2. Consultation stage: Help customers change their uncomfortable cognition, mood or behavior.
3. Consolidation phase:
(1) Layout operation
(2) Agree on the theme and time of the next consultation.
(3) Review and summarize the consultation.
(4) Consolidate the negotiation results.
(5) Do a good job in follow-up research.
7. How to consult with the clients? (Level III Skills P74-75)
1. First, introduce the contents and principles of the consulting scheme to customers.
2. According to the consulting objectives, principles and methods, evaluation, responsibilities and rights of both parties, arrangement of time and frequency, cost estimation, etc., they are agreed one by one.
3. The consultation plan is agreed by both parties, and cannot be unilaterally formulated by consultants or helpers.
4. The final consultation plan is fixed in written or oral form.
5. After the negotiation scheme is formulated, it can be modified with the consent of both parties.
8. What are the main contents of the consultation plan agreed with the customer during the consultation process? (Level 3 Skill P75)
Includes the following contents:
1, consulting target
2. Specific responsibilities, rights and obligations of both parties.
3. Consultation frequency and schedule
4. Specific methods, processes and principles of negotiation.
5. The effect and evaluation method of consultation.
6. Consulting fees
7. Other issues and related explanations
Nine, please say the definition of quality technology and the common contradictions of help seekers. (Level 3 Skills P87-88)
1, face quality, also known as questioning, confrontation, confrontation, confrontation, facing reality, etc. , refers to the contradiction pointed out by the consultant on the helper.
2, the common contradictions are:
(1) Words differ from deeds.
(2) The ideal is inconsistent with the reality
(3) Inconsistent use of words.
(4) The opinions of consultation and interview are inconsistent.
Ten, please say the matters needing attention of surface quality technology. (Level 3 Skill P88)
1, based on facts.
2. Avoid personal venting.
3. Avoid ruthless attacks.
4. Based on a good consulting relationship.
5, you can try the surface quality.
XI。 What is the purpose of applying noodle technology in this case? (Level 3 Skill P87)
1. Promote customers to have a deeper understanding of their feelings, beliefs and behaviors.
2. Encourage helpers to disarm, cover up their psychology and face the reality, thus producing constructive activities.
3. Promote the unity of ideal self and realistic self, words and actions.
4. Promote helpers to know their own resources and make good use of them.
5. Set an example for the helper to learn and imitate noodles, and make noodles for others or yourself in the future.
Twelve, briefly describe the manifestations of impedance. (Level 3 Skill P98- 104)
1. impedance is the resistance of help seekers to self-exposure and self-change in the process of psychological counseling, and its significance lies in strengthening self-defense.
2. Expression form:
(1) speech impedance, including silence, verbosity, etc.
(2) the resistance of speech content, including pouring out, venting emotions, talking about trivial matters and false questions.
(3) The resistance of speech style includes forgetfulness, obedience, topic control and final exposure.
(4) the impedance of the consulting relationship.
Thirteen, what is the cause of impedance? (level 3 skill P 10 1- 104)
1. Impedance comes from growing pains. The end of the old behavior and the beginning of the new behavior will make the helper suffer, and then produce defense and resistance, forming resistance.
2. Impedance comes from functional behavior disorder, from the fact that maladjusted behavior makes up for some gaps in psychological needs, and the helper benefits from it, and also from the fact that the helper tries to cover up deeper psychological contradictions and conflicts with maladjusted behavior.
3. The resistance comes from the psychological motivation of the counselor or counselor. First, help seekers only have the motivation to get some recognition from psychological counselors. Secondly, the helper has the motivation to prove that he is different or the consultant can do nothing about him. Third, the help-seekers have no heartfelt motivation to seek treatment.
Fourteen, please write the working procedure of positive reinforcement method. (level 3 skill P 1 1 1)
1, and define the treatment goal.
2. Monitor target behavior
3. Design new behavior results
4, the implementation of strengthening
Fifteen, please write the principle of positive reinforcement method. (level 3 skill P 1 12)
1, behaviorism believes that if a learned behavior can last, it must be strengthened through its results.
2. If a certain behavior is established or maintained, it must be rewarded.
3. Give priority to positive reinforcement, reward normal behaviors in time, and ignore or downplay abnormal behaviors. This method is the positive reinforcement method.
Sixteen, please write down the matters needing attention of the positive reinforcement method. (level 3 skill p11-112)
1. The more specific the goal, the better. It should be measured and analyzed objectively.
2, pay attention to the direct consequences of the target behavior to strengthen bad behavior.
3. When the helper has appropriate behavior, strengthen help in time.
4. Both internal and external reinforcement should be used at the same time, which should be attractive enough for help seekers.
Seventeen, briefly describe the process of reasonable emotional therapy. (level 3 skill P 1 15)
1, psychological diagnosis stage: looking for unreasonable beliefs of help seekers.
2. Understanding stage: realize three understandings:
(1) It is belief that leads to emotional and behavioral consequences, not the triggering event itself.
(2) Help-seekers should be responsible for their emotional and behavioral reactions.
(3) Only by changing unreasonable beliefs can we alleviate or eliminate various symptoms.
3. Repair phase:
(1) argue with unreasonable beliefs.
(2) Reasonable emotional imagination technology.
(3) homework
(4) Other methods
4. Re-education stage: rebuilding psychological and behavioral patterns.
If you use reasonable emotional therapy, please tell me what the principle is? (level 3 skill P 12 1)
1, rational emotional therapy principle: rational emotional therapy is a kind of psychotherapy theory and method founded by American psychologist A.Eills. Through pure theoretical analysis and logical speculation, it changes the irrational concept of help seekers and solves emotional and behavioral problems. Its core theory is ABC theory. A is an induced event, b is a belief, and c is the result of emotional reaction and behavior.
2.ABC relationship: A is not the direct cause of C; B is an unreasonable and unrealistic belief, which leads to emotional distress and neurosis; The core of treatment is to change and control the results of emotions and behaviors by changing unreasonable beliefs.
Nineteen, to evaluate the effect of this case, what dimensions or indicators should psychological counselors choose? (level 3 skill P 133)
The evaluation of the consultation results can be carried out from the following dimensions:
Self-evaluation of counseling effect by help seekers.
The social life of help seekers adapts to the objective reality of change.
The evaluation of people around the helper.
Comparison of psychological measurement results of help seekers before and after consultation.
Consultant's evaluation.
Twenty, combined with this case, how to grasp the timing and method of consulting effect evaluation? (level 3 skill P 133)
1. Evaluation time of consulting effect:
(1) Start 1 Consultation or multiple post-evaluations;
(2) evaluation before the end of the consultation;
(3) Evaluation during follow-up review after consultation.
2. The method of consulting effect evaluation:
(1) Evaluate the results of psychological test before and after counseling;
(2) Evaluate according to the self-report of the helper;
(3) Assess according to the reports of family members, friends and colleagues;
(4) According to the change degree of social life adaptation of help seekers;
(5) According to the consultant's observation on all aspects of the help-seekers, evaluate them.
Twenty-one, in this case, psychological counselors use a variety of methods. What are the * * * factors of their effectiveness? (level 3 skill P 136)
1. The harmonious trust relationship between consultants and clients is the most basic similarity.
2. Strong motivation and positive attitude of those seeking help.
There is a set of theories and methods that both sides believe in.
4. The characteristics of consultants.
5. Promote the cognitive change, emotional adjustment and behavior improvement of help seekers.
Twenty-two, the effect of psychological counseling is produced through what mechanism? (level 3 skill P 136)
1, vent and guide the mood of help seekers and relieve stress.
2. Encourage help seekers to talk about their inner pain and give targeted guidance.
3. Explore the helper's subconscious and let the helper understand.
4. Help the seekers to improve their cognitive structure and learn to think rationally.
5. Establish a positive, reasonable and effective behavior pattern through study and training.
6. Help those who seek help to eliminate psychological barriers and promote natural healing and growth.
23. What are the general characteristics of the clients? (level 3 skill P 143)
1. Normal intelligence
2. Appropriate age
3, the content is appropriate
4. Normal personality
5. Is the motivation correct?
6. High trust
7. Action consciousness
8, with good
Twenty-four, if the psychological counselor lacks experience in helping this kind of help seekers, what should be paid attention to in the referral? (Level 3 Skills 146)
1. If the consultant finds that he does not match the helper, he should introduce him wisely with a high sense of responsibility and good professional ethics.
2. First, seek the opinions of the help seekers and explain the reasons or reasons for the recommendation.
3. Introduce the new consultant to the assistant.
4. Introduce the new consultant to the applicant, but should not disclose the privacy.
5, generally do not interfere with the activities of new consultants.
6. You can't comment on the new consultant's methods and behaviors in front of the helper, let alone blame him.