Public welfare geological survey is engaged in national basic and strategic geological and mineral exploration, with the purpose of providing basic geological information for national economic and social development. Research purposes: This paper briefly describes the present situation of socialized service of public geological survey results in China, analyzes the difficulties in solving these problems, and puts forward suggestions for improvement.
1 Present situation of socialized service of geological survey results
Our government attaches great importance to the socialized service of geological survey results, and has established a service system consisting of the National Geological Archives, six regional archives and provincial geological archives. In June, 2000, the Ministry of Land and Resources issued Announcement No.9 on the Scope of Releasing Public Geological Data, which expanded the scope of public use of public geological data, including: regional geological survey data with the scale less than1:50,000 (including1:50,000); Investigation data of regional environmental geology and disaster geology; County (city) hydrogeology, engineering geology, environmental geology and disaster geology survey data; Remote sensing regional geological survey data.
According to the survey, there are more than 90 thousand kinds of geological data (including 5709 kinds of regional geological survey data; 5292 1 mineral exploration data; 106 kinds of marine geological report data; Geophysical, geochemical and remote sensing geological exploration data11089; Hydrogeology, engineering geology and environmental geology exploration data 80 15; 13259 kinds of geological scientific research report; Technical methods and research materials 2 14), you can make a directory query on the internet. In addition, China Geological Survey has published nearly 2,000 catalogues of regional geology, mineral resources evaluation and prediction, hydraulic environment, disaster geology, geophysical and geochemical exploration, geological scientific research, spatial geological database, geological technical methods and so on since the 1999 geological survey. At the same time, tens of thousands of databases with total data exceeding 3TB have been established, mainly including basic geoscience databases. Among them, the results data information (metadata) retrieval system provides national 1: 500,000,1:250,000 digital geological map databases, national1:200,000 natural heavy sand database, national isotope geological dating database,1:200,000 digital geological map spatial database and/kloc-. Regional gravity database metadata (1: 1 10,000 regional gravity database metadata,1:500,000 regional gravity database metadata,1:200,000 regional gravity database core metadata). The socialized service of the above achievements has been widely praised by all walks of life.
2 Problems in socialized service of geological survey results
The investigation and analysis show that the main problems existing in the socialized service of geological survey results in China can be summarized into four aspects: system level, technology level, operation level and development level.
2. 1 The system-level problem is the formation of decryption and * * * enjoyment mechanism.
The first is the decryption of geological survey results loaded in confidential surveying and mapping data. The carrier of geological survey results is often closely related to surveying and mapping data, and the confidentiality of surveying and mapping results involves national surveying and mapping departments, national secrecy departments and general staff. According to the Regulations of People's Republic of China (PRC) Municipality on the Administration of Surveying and Mapping Achievements (21the State Council Order No.32 of March 1989), surveying and mapping achievements refer to basic surveying and mapping achievements and professional surveying and mapping achievements completed in land, ocean and space surveying and mapping; The use of confidential surveying and mapping results by all departments and units must be managed in accordance with the state secrecy laws and regulations. If confidential surveying and mapping results really need to be used publicly, they must be decrypted in accordance with state regulations; The Regulation on the Confidentiality Management of Receiving, Using and Preserving Surveying and Mapping Achievements (1992 12 15, Order No.222 of the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping and the State Secrecy Bureau) clearly points out that the confidentiality period of surveying and mapping achievements is "long-term". Without the approval of the competent department of Surveying and mapping and the competent department of state secrecy, no department or unit may arbitrarily change the classification and confidentiality period of surveying and mapping results. Article 3 of the Provisions on the Scope of State Secrets in Land and Resources Management (No.[2003] 147 of the Ministry of Land and Resources and the State Secrecy Bureau on May 0, 2003) stipulates that the scope of state secrets involving military, marine, surveying and mapping, radioactive minerals, etc. in land and resources management shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of the competent authorities. These secrecy systems limit the service scope of basic geological data, such as the database that has been digitized to serve the outside world, the national1:500,000 digital geological map database, the national1:200,000 digital geological map spatial database, the national1:250,000 digital geological map spatial database and the national regional gravity database, which can only meet the inquiries of units undertaking geological survey projects, and provide the national 6544 according to needs. Undoubtedly, these factors limit the scope and form of data information services that can be provided, and also greatly limit the development of service work.
Secondly, the problem of decentralized data management and processing capacity integration. Decentralized management system has caused each department to have its own data production and processing unit. For example, the surveying and mapping department manages the national basic surveying and mapping data, the agricultural department holds a large number of agricultural geological data, and the water conservancy department accumulates a large number of hydrological data. For their own convenience and interests, the data of all departments are poorly enjoyed, not to mention the integration and processing of data.
In addition, the decentralization of data processing capacity wastes countless financial and human resources. The Ministry of Science and Technology is working hard to build an earth science data network, and the water conservancy and forestry departments are pushing the data release of water resources and forestry resources, and so on. The processing of geological survey informatization results also exists in regional geological archives and geological archives owned by provincial land and resources departments. Due to different superior departments and different funding channels, repetitive work and inefficient investment are inevitable.
2.2 The technical problem is the construction of geospatial data core platform.
Spatial data of geological survey has the remarkable characteristics of complex structure, diverse storage formats and wide distribution. The biggest difficulties in building the core platform of geo-spatial data and realizing data integration and sharing are data standardization, data exchange and interoperability, and metadata.
Data standardization. This is the premise of spatial data management and * * *. Standardization of data includes standardization of data content, data representation and data format. Data content standardization should include the content definition, data index system and terminology definition of geological survey spatial data information. The standardization of data representation includes two aspects: geospatial reference and geometric representation; The standardization of data storage format is a more complicated problem and the biggest obstacle to data integration. There is no unified, mature and consistent data storage format standard due to the inconsistent understanding of geospatial data model and significant differences in GIS application software, which will be a technical problem that must be overcome and solved in the process of socialized service of geological survey informatization achievements.
Spatial data conversion and spatial data interoperability. Spatial data transformation is to transform different spatial data formats in data integration and unify the data into one format. There are usually two methods. One is to use the tools that come with the software to adapt to each other's data formats; The other is to realize data conversion through data exchange formats and special conversion tools. Developing software suitable for geological survey data conversion and ensuring data validity is one of the keys to the construction of geospatial data core exchange platform. Spatial data interoperability means that software systems with different data structures and data formats can be integrated to make data more real-time and consistent. The technology in this field is basically mature. It can be said that OGC(Open GIS Consortium) provides a standardized operating basis for the unified management, distributed storage and wide application of multi-source heterogeneous geological survey spatial data, but it still needs a powerful information conversion tool, which has enough ability to adapt to the current numerous GIS data formats.
Acquisition and enjoyment of metadata. Metadata is "data about data", and spatial metadata is a standardized description of geological survey spatial data set. According to certain standards, feature information such as content, quality, representation, spatial reference and management formula of data set is extracted from spatial data set to form a group of feature elements. The enjoyment of metadata includes three links: collection, management and publication. It is necessary to establish a unified spatial metadata standard, form an effective metadata acquisition mechanism, establish a one-to-one correspondence between the acquired metadata and spatial data sets, update and maintain them in time, and manage and publish them uniformly according to the requirements of data enjoyment. Therefore, it is necessary to construct a metadata platform that adapts to the enjoyment of spatial data and meet the needs of users to find, obtain and use spatial data of geological survey conveniently and quickly.
2.3 operational issues are personnel training and funding stability.
Professional geological survey data management, information technology personnel training and training. A survey of archives staff in six regions affiliated to China Geological Survey shows that it is one thing to have fewer people. More importantly, there are few compound talents, whether librarians or computer information personnel, which cannot meet the needs of practical work. In this regard, the primary tasks faced by all units are data acceptance, professional knowledge training of managers and training of information management talents. This will be a continuous systematic work.
Stable funding channels and reasonable charging mechanism. Judging from the nature of geological survey information service, its public welfare determines the non-profit of the service, but the premise is to ensure that the regular funds are in place in full, and reasonable fees are not excluded to ensure the normal and timely updating of data. In fact, this is a common practice abroad and has been recognized by customers.
2.4 The problems at the development level are data processing and the cultivation of comprehensive service institutions.
The first difficulty in this respect is that the acquisition of data is restricted by various policies, especially the profit-oriented corporate operation will encounter great resistance; The second is the standard and popularization of data integration and processing technology; The third is the rise and development of professional companies. The development of intermediary service organizations is the product of government guidance, but it needs to be given necessary policy support at the initial stage.
3. Suggestions on promoting socialized service of geological survey results
In view of the above analysis, this paper puts forward three suggestions.
(1) Establish a committee to promote the socialized service of geological survey results. The organization is composed of the Geological Survey as the core member, the heads of various departments, experts and scholars in the geological field and IT industry, and people in the business and education circles. One of the characteristics of this committee is its high level, which coordinates the work of many ministries, commissions, bureaus and offices. Second, the person in charge. Although it is a temporary organization, there is a special working group responsible for communicating the relationship between departments. There are two main responsibilities of the Promotion Committee: First, formulate a service plan to promote the socialization of geological survey informatization achievements, learn from the practice of one-stop spatial data in the United States, solicit opinions from people from all walks of life at home and abroad on the Internet, and revise and improve the content of the plan repeatedly; Give full play to the technical strength of various institutions and strive to apply advanced technology in the implementation plan. The second is to promote the implementation of the social service planning scheme for geological survey informatization achievements.
(2) Integrate relevant data resources and promote the formation of * * * enjoyment mechanism. In the name of the promotion Committee, integrate relevant data resources and serve the public. At the same time, in the social service, we should break the feudal and small workshop-style data management mode, and change the situation that each unit is fighting for itself, and each department is fighting for itself into a data management mode with fine division of labor and great cooperation at the national level, so as to promote the construction of data sharing mechanism at the national level.
Construct a mandatory data sharing mechanism. It is necessary to standardize all kinds of data sharing behaviors at the national level. First, it is necessary to improve the system of policies and regulations at the national level, and at the same time provide guarantees in the rule of law such as legislation, supervision and justice. Secondly, make the overall planning and investment plan of data sharing in China. Third, establish an organizational guarantee mechanism for cooperation between the government and scientists; It is necessary to establish a stable team of data professionals and cultivate a group of high-level management, research and technical talents in the field of data science; Establish standards and technical specifications for data sharing; Strengthen the introduction, development and utilization of international data resources at the national level.
Advocate and encourage data sharing mechanism. First, establish a new national incentive mechanism focusing on the evaluation system of data results, and include the quantity, quality and use of development data as important indicators in the evaluation system; Link data production with actual benefits such as salary and professional title, and encourage researchers to invest more time and energy in this area.
Brewing data * * * Enjoy the reward mechanism. The establishment of a national "scientific data contribution award" with considerable incentives is also an important measure to create a new trend of attaching importance to data in the scientific community. This award should be decided by data users according to the quantity, quality and benefit of data enjoyed by the public.
(3) Cultivate intermediary organizations to supplement the defects of public service. The socialized service of public welfare geological survey information results has the property of commodity, and intermediary service institutions can get paid on the basis of providing satisfactory services to customers, which is also a common practice abroad. At present, the service scope of social intermediary organizations at least includes:
Making and selling popular science geological knowledge. Make multimedia and publicize pictures by using popular forms such as pictures; Use TV and other media to make exploratory topics to attract young audiences; Making tourist geological maps and geological relics investigation maps. These can be commercialized.
Use special software to provide professional services. Software companies can develop specialized software for sale, or use public data for data processing and provide professional consulting services according to customers' requirements.