This definition shows that the connotation of quality management can be observed from different angles. Vertically, quality management includes quality policy, quality objectives and quality system to achieve quality policy objectives; Horizontally, quality management includes quality planning, quality control and quality improvement. No matter from which angle, we should carry out a series of systematic activities from strategic planning, resource allocation to whole process control and improvement.
2. Quality assurance
Quality assurance refers to all planned and systematic activities necessary for products or services to meet the specified quality requirements and provide appropriate trust.
Quality assurance is an organic combination of activities with specific quality requirements. It is a purposeful, planned and systematic activity. Quality assurance is not only a means to implement quality management, but also a concrete measure to implement quality policy and quality objectives. Carrying out quality assurance activities is conducive to the orderly operation of an organization's quality management according to the specified requirements.
Quality assurance is divided into internal quality assurance and external quality assurance. Internal quality assurance is an important part of all quality management functions. External quality assurance mainly refers to that in the contract environment, the organization, as a supplier, provides full trust to the buyers who buy the products of the organization through quality assurance, and provides product quality assurance, so that the buyers believe that the products or services of the organization meet the specified quality requirements.
3. Quality system
Quality system refers to the organizational structure, responsibilities, procedures, processes and resources for implementing quality management. The content contained in the quality system only needs to meet the requirements of achieving quality objectives. This is an organic whole, and it is a complex established to achieve quality objectives. The quality management of any enterprise is to establish and improve the quality system, so that it can operate effectively and achieve the quality objectives.
In addition, the quality system is the entity of quality management, including not only software such as organizational structure, responsibilities and procedures, but also human resources, professional skills, design technology, manufacturing equipment, inspection and test equipment, instruments, meters and computer systems. Generally speaking, the core of quality system refers to entities such as people and things.
There are two forms of quality system: one is the internal management quality management system, and the other is the external certification quality assurance model. However, the quality management system and quality assurance model are not parallel, independent and parallel, they are closely related and essentially interlinked.
What kind of quality system an enterprise should establish depends on the actual situation of the enterprise and the requirements of the internal and external environment. At present, there are three modes to choose from, one is design and development mode; The second is the production and installation method; The third is the final inspection test mode.
4. Quality system certification
Quality system certification is an activity in which a certification body audits the quality system of an enterprise and issues a certificate to prove that the quality system and quality assurance ability of the enterprise meet the corresponding requirements according to the internationally accepted series standards of "quality management and quality assurance". Quality system certification is also called enterprise certification, quality system registration, quality system review and quality system audit. According to the above decision, the quality system certification has the following characteristics:
(1) The object of certification is the quality system, more precisely, it is "some elements in the enterprise's quality system that affect the ability to continuously provide products or services on demand", that is, the quality assurance system or quality assurance ability.
(2) The implementation of quality system certification is based on the existence of national quality system standards. Enterprises applying for certification should establish an applicable quality system under the guidance of a series of standards, and certification bodies should check and evaluate the quality assurance standards in the series of standards corresponding to the assurance mode selected by enterprises.
(3) The method to identify whether the quality system meets the standard requirements is quality system audit. Certification bodies should send registered inspectors (auditors) to inspect and evaluate the quality system of enterprises, submit audit reports and put forward audit conclusions.
(4) The ways to prove the qualification of quality system certification are quality system certification certificate and system certification mark.
(5) Quality system certification is an activity undertaken by a third party. The third party refers to an independent party other than Party A (supplier) and Party B (demander), and has no administrative affiliation or economic interest relationship with Party A and Party B.. It is emphasized that system certification should be implemented by a third party to ensure the fairness of certification activities.