With the deepening of reform and the establishment of the socialist market economic system, the pace of reform in the construction field is also accelerating. The original project cost management system can no longer meet the needs of the development of market economy, especially the implementation of the legal person responsibility system for construction projects, which increases the responsibility of project legal persons for the construction project cost and objectively requires the implementation of the whole process cost management for construction projects.
First, the necessity and feasibility of engineering cost consulting institutions to participate in the whole process of construction project cost management
1. With the continuous development and improvement of China's socialist market economic system, it is objectively required that the project cost be determined and managed by the government, and turned to the macro-control and guidance services of government departments, which are specifically responsible for the investment units and construction units of construction projects. The management functions of these units rely on legally established and independent intermediary agencies to provide consulting services for the whole process of project cost.
2. The trend of market economy and global economic integration will make the social division of labor more detailed. According to the principle of effective use of social resources, the demand for cost consulting services in the whole process of construction projects will continue to grow. In the case of limited resources, effective cost management can avoid resource waste. It will be a good use of social resources if the engineering cost consulting unit can provide effective consultation in all important links of engineering cost management.
3. With the deepening of reform and opening up, the establishment of project management systems such as project bidding system and project legal person responsibility system, and the emergence of new businesses such as project claim, project feasibility study and project financing, it is objectively necessary to have a group of talents who are not only familiar with engineering measurement and pricing, but also familiar with economic law and project cost management to assist owners in managing investment projects. In recent years, the rapid development of engineering cost consulting institutions and the establishment of the qualification system of cost engineers make it possible for engineering cost consulting institutions to participate in the whole process of construction project cost management.
Second, the project cost consulting institutions to participate in the construction
The work that should be done in the whole process of project cost management The project cost consulting organization was born with the development of market economy, and will develop gradually with the development of market economy. In order to determine the cost fairly and reasonably, ensure the authenticity and reliability of the project price, accurately reflect the project value, and enable the owners and contractors to obtain reasonable economic benefits in the realization of the value, the project cost consulting agency should carry out the whole process cost management of the construction project from the following aspects:
1. In the decision-making stage of the project, the engineering cost consulting agency should estimate various proposed design schemes according to the scale, site and technical cooperation conditions of the construction project provided by the designers, and estimate the operating expenses and maintenance expenses for the owner after completion if necessary, so as to submit estimates and suggestions to the owner, so as to facilitate the owner to decide on the implementation scheme of the project and ensure the functional, technical and financial feasibility of the scheme. At the same time, an application report submitted to the competent department for examination and approval shall be provided to the owner.
2. In the project design stage, the design expenditure only accounts for less than 1% of the whole life cost of the construction project, but its impact on the project cost accounts for more than 75%, and it is often ignored. Therefore, engineering cost consulting institutions should take the cost management in the design stage as the focus of the whole process cost management. Specifically, according to the design drawings and design instructions provided by designers, make a preliminary estimate of construction investment, and then make a preliminary estimate of capital expenditure according to the budget estimate and construction procedures to ensure the most effective use of investment; Analyze and study the cost of different designs and materials, and put forward cost suggestions to designers to help them design within the investment limit.
3. Analyze the specific situation of the construction project in the bidding stage of the project, and provide written suggestions to the owner in combination with the relevant bidding policy documents at that time and in the local area. Assist the owner to prepare the bidding documents when necessary; Can be entrusted by the owner to prepare a series of related documents such as physical bill of quantities (or pre-tender estimate); After the bid opening, assist the owner to analyze and study the quotation of the bidder, and participate in bid evaluation and award when necessary; After the winning bidder is determined, the contract terms related to the project cost can be formulated for the owner, and the related problems that should be paid attention to when signing the project contract can be put forward to the owner to avoid unnecessary disputes.
4. In the project implementation stage, the project implementation stage is the longest and most changeable stage in the whole project construction process, and it is also the most difficult and complicated stage in the whole process of construction project cost management. This difficulty is engineering change and engineering claim. As an engineering cost consulting organization, the work mainly includes participating in the joint review of construction drawings with contractors, understanding the changes of construction drawings and being aware of them; With the employer, the contractor, several related units of the supervision unit, clear and unified engineering change audit procedures and audit ||| source audit | signatories in the actual operation in strict accordance with the agreement; Assist the owner to analyze the claim, distinguish the responsibility, counterclaim in time and recover unnecessary losses; According to the provisions of the contract and agreement, calculate the cost change caused by each change in time, and provide the basis for the owner's investment decision control.
5. In the final settlement stage, because the project cost consulting organization has participated in the project cost control since the project was established, the work in the settlement stage is relatively easy. The consulting services to be done at this stage mainly include auditing the as-built drawings, clearing up the statistical engineering change contact list and calculating the cost, auditing other matters that are allowed to be adjusted according to the contract, auditing the project completion settlement book submitted by the contractor, and finally issuing a settlement audit report after reconciliation by various parties.
Three, create conditions to promote the participation of engineering cost consulting institutions in the whole process of construction project cost management.
1. Strengthen qualification management, eliminate multi-head management and meet the challenge of WTO. At present, according to the requirements of the leading group for rectifying economic verification institutions in the State Council, the engineering cost consulting units with qualifications issued by the construction administrative departments have completed the decoupling restructuring and are gradually developing healthily in the direction of scale and standardization. However, the phenomenon of multi-head management of engineering cost consulting units still exists. Due to administrative intervention and departmental monopoly, some businesses with the same nature are artificially divided because they belong to different departments. The existence of this phenomenon does not conform to the State Council's "Decision on Rectifying and Standardizing the Market Economic Order", which limits the survival and development space of social intermediary agencies that should become the main body of the engineering cost consulting industry, and is not conducive to creating a fair, just and open market competition environment, nor to meeting the challenges from abroad after China's entry into WTO. Therefore, it is urgent to eliminate the division of departments, complete the decoupling and restructuring of economic appraisal agencies as soon as possible, implement centralized management of industries in accordance with international practice, and uniformly manage engineering cost consulting units.
2. Establish self-operated partnership system, limited liability system and other organizational forms of engineering cost consulting institutions. Although engineering cost consulting units have gradually embarked on the road of healthy development after development, especially after decoupling, restructuring and standardized management, they have just started, with poor and unstable foundations in society, and some units may still have false decoupling or incomplete decoupling. To this end, we should always make unremitting efforts to decouple the restructuring and standardize the management, so that the engineering cost consulting institutions can truly become social intermediary service institutions that meet the requirements of the socialist market economy, operate independently, be responsible for their own profits and losses, have a high degree of specialization, have complete functions and gradually integrate with international practices, completely change the original image of intermediary organizations in society, and give full play to the role of intermediary organizations as "independent, objective and fair".
3. Establish and improve effective management methods and systems suitable for the operation of intermediary institutions. The Ministry of Construction's Measures for the Administration of Engineering Cost Consulting Units has been in effect for nearly two years. Due to the comparative principle of the Administrative Measures, some clauses are difficult to operate. Therefore, the detailed rules for the implementation of the Measures for the Administration of Engineering Cost Consulting Units should be issued as soon as possible. In addition, a series of related supporting systems should be issued, such as the practice guidelines and professional ethics of engineering cost consulting units, the model text of engineering cost consulting contracts, the charging standard of whole-process cost consulting services, the operating rules and auditing system of engineering cost consulting units, and the file management system, so as to meet the needs of the whole-process cost management of construction projects.
4. Fully implement the signature system of cost engineers as soon as possible (continued on page 3/kloc-0) (continued on page 2/kloc-0). Article 1 7 of the newly promulgated Measures for the Administration of Construction Contracts and Contract Valuation of Ministry of Construction 107, which came into effect on February/0/2006, stipulates that "the pre-tender estimate, bid quotation, project settlement audit and project cost appraisal documents shall be signed by the cost engineer and affixed with the special seal for the practice of the cost engineer". With the deepening of the reform of engineering cost management system, the signature system of cost engineers should be fully implemented in all stages of construction projects from project initiation to final accounts.
5. Strengthen information management and computer application. Engineering cost consulting institutions should make full use of modern tools and means, strengthen the collection, processing and accumulation of engineering cost-related information, keep abreast of market conditions, grasp the dynamic development trend of prices, and serve the whole process of construction project cost management.
6. Strengthen the quality education of engineering cost practitioners and improve the management level of construction project cost. The key of construction project cost management lies in the quality of managers themselves. With the continuous progress of society and the continuous development of science and technology, all kinds of new knowledge emerge one after another. Cost management professionals should update their knowledge through irregular training to meet the needs of a rapidly developing society. With the implementation of the qualification system of registered cost engineers in China, a team of high-quality and high-level engineering cost professionals will stand out and become the backbone in the field of engineering cost.
In a word, project cost management is a highly technical and professional work, which runs through all stages of investment decision-making, project design, bidding and construction. All relevant subjects of engineering construction should change their concepts, actively create conditions, and promote the participation of engineering cost consulting institutions in the whole process of construction project cost management, so as to make our due contribution to reasonably determining and effectively controlling construction project cost.
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