(a) to determine the objectives, contents and scope of the talks.
1. Help content provided by helper.
2. Questions observed by consultants
3, psychological evaluation results found problems.
4, the requirements of the superior consultant
There is more than one meeting goal, which should be dealt with separately. Make clear the relationship, distinguish the front and back of the question, the first and the second, then ask questions in turn and have an intake conversation.
(B) determine the way to ask questions
Basis: the purpose of the meeting, the nature and content of the information collected.
Mode: On and Off
Generally speaking, open questions are used instead of closed questions.
Under special circumstances, you can use semi-open questions (or restricted open questions).
Sometimes closed questions are used to ensure the existence of a phenomenon.
With what kind of questions? According to the purpose of the meeting, the nature and content of the information collected.
listen to
1, function
(1) Collect data (2) Express support (3) Vent emotions (4) Provide space for self-examination.
2. Method
(1) Don't comment-show acceptance and expand the space. (2) Thinking about the information transmitted. (3) Focus-investigation of crisis degree, understanding of subjective facts and grasping of emotions.
(4) control the content and direction of the talks.
1, interpretation
Most commonly used. Repeat, explain, and ask another question immediately after the explanation.
2. Interrupt
(1) Stop talking for a while and then talk.
(2) Don't force the other person to stop talking.
(3) It is suggested that we continue to talk in another place.
(4) Time is limited, so let's stop for a while and talk about it next time.
3. Emotional reflex
Consciously stimulate the patient.
Try not to use the first meeting.
4. Wizard
Lead to another topic from the current topic.
Don't suggest changing the subject directly.
Lead to a new topic from the original topic.
(5) Classification
1, growth and development issues-major life events
2. Real life scenarios
3. Marital status
4. Problems in interpersonal relationships
5. Subjective body feeling (subjective symptoms)
6. Emotional experience and attitude towards life
7. Others
(6) Ending the talks
1, function
Conclusion: Give the judgment of the problem or the diagnosis of the disease.
Discuss the crux of the problem and the improvement plan.
Re-emphasize the characteristics of psychological counseling.
2. Skills
Direct discussion.
Give some suggestions and discuss the next step.
relevant knowledge
Conversation method
1. In a conversation, listening is more important than speaking.
2. Attitude during the talks: non-critical attitude.
3. Difference: degree, emotion, authenticity and avoidance.
4. Types of interview methods: ingestion, discrimination, etc.
5. Background data collection method
6. Understand the mental state and behavioral characteristics of the help-seekers.
7. How to ask questions
8, the principle of choosing the content of the talks
1. In a conversation, listening is more important than speaking.
(1) Listen to the dialogue patiently and don't show indifference, disrespect and impatience.
(2) Don't constantly interrupt the conversation of the helper in order to get information.
(3) Once you start talking, you should keep talking.
(4) Only by holding a non-judgmental attitude can the other party have no scruples.
2. Non-critical attitude
Non-judgmental attitude is an important factor to make the helper feel relaxed, which can make the helper take care of nothing and show you the inner world.
A neutral attitude
(1) affirmed the regularity or inevitability of their emotions and behaviors.
(2) Have reservations about its emotional and behavioral consequences.
(3) Have reservations about the social effects of their emotions and behaviors.
(4) Understand, don't support and don't object.
3. Distinguish and identify the content of the conversation.
(1) The contents of the talks are differentiated to some extent.
(2) Distinguish between emotions (or thoughts) and behaviors.
(3) identify the authenticity of the conversation.
(4) Avoid identifying the real causes of real symptoms.
4. Types of negotiation methods
The most commonly used data collection method in "intake" conversation is medical history collection.
The "discriminatory interview method" determines what tests and discriminatory tests to use through conversation and observation.
A "therapy lecture" is a lecture on psychological and behavioral problems.
Consultation meeting: the meeting involves some problems and career choices of healthy people.
Crisis talks: the parties have an accident, are raped, want to commit suicide, and suddenly suffer from mental trauma.
5. Background data collection method
The most commonly used method is background data collection.
This problem-centered conversation will enable us to obtain the customer's personal background information, consulting purposes and expectations.
6, mental state and behavior characteristics
Appearance and behavior
language feature
Thinking content
Cognitive process and function
mood
Inspiration and judgment
7. How to ask questions
(1) Psychological counselors lack a basic understanding of the psychological problems of the clients.
(2) Consultants lack a basic understanding of visitors' conversations.
(3) Consultants are not good at mastering and using language communication skills.
The most helpful way is to turn all kinds of closed questions into open questions.
Negative effects of inappropriate questions
1, causing dependency.
2. Transfer of responsibilities
3. Reduce the self-exploration of help seekers.
4, produce inaccurate information
5, psychological defense-impedance
6, affect the necessary summary and explanation
Mistakes (questions and answers) in induction training
(1) The question "Why ..."-This is a strong hint.
(2) Multiple selectivity problem-still a closed problem.
(3) Multiple questions-continuous questions
(4) decorative rhetorical question-empty and abstract
(5) Blamable problems-there is a great sense of threat, which should be strictly eliminated.
(6) Explanatory problems-not conducive to the self-exploration of help seekers.
8. Principles for selecting the content of the talks (Q&A)
1, acceptable: the person who asks for help can accept it and is in line with his interest.
2. Effective: it is directly or indirectly related to the cause of the helper; It plays a key role in the personality development or correction of help seekers; It is meaningful to explore the deep-seated reasons of help seekers; This is of great significance to the differential diagnosis of symptoms of help seekers; It is helpful to help seekers improve their cognition and correctly understand the problem.
3. Positive: It has a positive effect on changing the attitude of help seekers.
Precautions (Q&A)
1, the attitude must remain neutral.
2. Avoid asking mistakes.
3, don't talk about any digression.
4, can't use the language of blame and criticism to stop or reverse the conversation.
5. The conclusion cannot be absolute.