If the hypothesis test fails, it shows that the original personal construction is invalid, but it is still in use, which causes confusion, confusion and even anxiety.
Let's share Kelly's personal construction theory first.
? First, the theoretical core of Kelly's personal construction
1. Theoretical Logic and Thinking Mode
A. Double thinking
Double thinking, that is, the construction of two levels. Kelly believes that people's way of thinking follows the law of duality, that is, putting things in opposite patterns, such as black and white, old and young, length and quality. Thinking about everything is like this, which is also the basis of scientists' creative thinking. It is precisely because of this way of thinking that scientists have discovered positrons and negative electrons, and discovered the negativity and enthusiasm of things. This is also speculation that xu teacher talked about today. Everything is relative, otherwise there is no comparability. Double thinking is the form of architecture. It can be said that it is a framework that we started to build.
B. structure, with at least three extensions.
For example, when we make a decision, we will find out the advantages and disadvantages of the options. This is the beginning of our construction. But if there are only two poles, it is a one-dimensional world, and thinking is meaningless, let alone forming a construction system. When thinking about things, you should compare at least three things, two of which are similar.
2. Characteristics of structure and personal structure system
Structure:
To sum up, the structure has the following characteristics:
1/ is a double
2/ The poles are opposite;
3/ Permeability;
Here is a concept: factor. What is contained in a structure is called structural factor. Some structures contain many factors, so the extension range of this structure is wide, and vice versa. If a structure can absorb many new factors, it is permeable, otherwise it is not. When we constantly enrich our professional knowledge and increase our self-awareness, we are never too old to learn, that is, our structure is transparent. A teenager is more plastic than an adult, because the teenager has less experience, smaller structural extension and simpler structure, just like a new house with less furniture, so it can accommodate more things.
4/ Favorable range and intersection point of the structure.
Structure has applicable fields, such as psychology or medicine. This is the beneficial range of the structure. The beneficial focus is the most suitable problem in this structure. That is, where is this structure used? Solve what problem? These are the characteristics of the structure. For a person, it is often a structural system, not one or several isolated structures.
For example, Mr. Ang once talked about the ecosystem of Wuyishan tea garden: the mountains, air, sunshine, fog, tea trees, grass and moss in Danxia landform have their own structures, forming a large ecosystem, and there are smaller ecosystems in this ecosystem, such as various organic elements and bacteria in the soil, forming a smaller ecosystem. So our system is made up of many structures, and small systems make up a larger system.
Characteristics of structural system:
1/ hierarchy.
Some structures are in the upper part of the hierarchy, which are called superordinate structures and have the function of dominating other structural systems. Some of them are located in the lower part of the structural system and are dominated and regulated by the superior structure, which is called the subordinate structure. Think about mind mapping, and we will understand this level. The more levels, the richer the structure. The book also mentions the integrity of cognition.
2/ Importance
Some structures are important structures that dominate people's lives and maintain people's activities. Without this structure, people cannot live. When these structures go wrong, people's psychology will be seriously confused. These important structures are called core structures. For example, some important role structures in people's daily life are the core structures. Of course, there are many unimportant structures around the core structure, which enrich our lives. The destruction and loss of these structures will not have a great impact, but it can't be without it, otherwise you will feel the great pressure of life and the monotony and lack of fun in life. These structures are called edge structures. Such as the role structure of idle people. Therefore, the structural system can be divided into core structure and edge structure.
Second, the construction of career system
1. How to build it
When we have an idea, construction begins. For example, when we think of "people", we have a bipolar standard in our hearts: good and evil. At this time, the construction began.
We have built this structure of judging people, and of course we can continue to increase its level. There are many such structures. For example, different occupations, different personalities-husband, children, food, different affairs-writing ... these are all factors in our construction system. We assume that human nature is good. In our life, we constantly test our hypotheses. One day, when you need help most, no one helps you, which makes you have to face some difficult problems. Then you will find that your hypothesis has been proved invalid. So there is confusion and even anxiety.
Step 2 rebuild
When the hypothesis is proved invalid, the original construction system will be invalid, and if it continues to be used, confusion and anxiety will continue to exist. So we need to reconstruct, in addition to the good guys and bad guys, there are ordinary people, and there will be different subdivisions between ordinary people. The level of our construction system has gradually improved and become rich. We will look at the behavior of others from a multi-dimensional perspective. This is the function of the modified construction system. Kelly believes that people are making various predictions all their lives, which is the fundamental motivation of human behavior and the purpose and motivation of scientists' activities. The fundamental purpose of this activity is forecasting. If the prediction is successful, the structural system tends to be stable. Just as our learning is a cyclic process from theory to practice, to determining and revising theory, and then to practice, our knowledge system is constantly updated and supplemented.
Third, the application of personal construction theory in professional practice.
The application of 1. in education
Kelly opposes psychoanalysis and behaviorism and thinks that human behavior is not determined by any instinctive desire and reinforcement. The essence of activity is prediction. According to behaviorism theory, the pursuit of happiness and avoidance of pain are the fundamental driving forces of human activities. Being strengthened will make a person feel particularly satisfied, but many times it is not. Sometimes being reinforced can make people feel anxious or form other bad emotions. Sometimes, in order to encourage their children, parents will use some psychological hints, for example, saying "you are brave" and "you are diligent" to their children, expecting such psychological hints to bring about behavioral changes to their children. The assumption behind parents is that diligence can bring good grades. When parents saw that their children's grades did not improve as expected, their predictions failed, resulting in anxiety. For children, perhaps the child's assumption is: I am stupid. After inspection, the result is not ideal and the prediction is successful. The child maintains the original structural system. No amount of psychological suggestion is effective. Give an example of my child's orienteering. He joined the orienteering team three years later than his best friend. In his construction system, his assumption is: I can't compare with him. Repeated training and competition also verified his hypothesis. Therefore, every training and competition, we can see his state, rather than go all out. This is based on the assumption that he has proved, and I can't compare with him anyway. This assumption, one day, failed to be verified, and he surpassed his good friend. Seeing that he was not particularly happy, I was confused, but I still maintained my own construction system. The second time he passed his good friend, this time he said, I can really pass him. This time he modified his architectural system. The third time, he didn't run past his good friend. This time, the prediction failed again. He didn't even want to practice with his good friends, and the failure of prediction bothered him. His revised construction system was revised to: I can't compare with him. I think our construction system is revised again and again in repeated predictions until it is stable. Ge Yihao said: Just do it. Constant action is a continuous cycle process from construction to fracture to reconstruction. Our construction is not a day's work, but a lifetime's behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to accept the construction and revision of children again and again, which is the process of children's growth. We should help children create and see their own achievements and reconstruct their own systems again and again.
2. The application of construction theory in career counseling.
In career counseling, visitors will be confused and constantly use failed personal constructions. Career counseling is not only an experiment of visitors, but also an experiment of consultants. Let's share two cases to illustrate the application of construction theory in consultation. Case 1: Inquirer Xiao Bai, born in 1996, graduated from an American university majoring in finance and informatics. I hope I can have a clear understanding of my career direction and planning during the consultation. I am about to face the problem of finding a job after graduation. I have searched on all kinds of nets, and I am very confused, because I don't know what kind of job I am suitable for. The general direction of Xiaobai's job search is: various Internet operations and product managers, marketing and consulting companies. She also learned about several famous Internet companies and several famous consulting companies. But I don't know how to choose. Xiao Bai's initial decision-making system is like this:
The consultant's job is to clarify the information first, then help her reconstruct an effective decision-making system, and then make an action plan for testing and forecasting. The following is the decision-making system of Xiaobai reconstruction.
You can see the difference before and after. We can see that multi-level decision-making system helps visitors to make decisions.
Case 2 is used to illustrate the application of ladder method in career counseling.
Inquirer Mao Mao, born in 1995, usually lives in Guangzhou. I graduated from an American university with a master's degree in engineering management. Working in the supply chain of a Fortune 500 company is not offensive to this job. The department level is high, and I feel that it is mainly to give instructions to others, which is not helpful for my growth. I prefer to do decision-making and strategic work, and I feel that my present job is a bit empty. At present, the company's internal system equipment is backward, and it feels that the work efficiency is low. In addition, the commuting time is 3~4 hours. I want to change jobs, because I am not sure about the direction of supply chain or other fields, and I am very confused about my career direction. After clarifying the information, I rebuilt the decision-making system in Mao Mao. Finally, I found that Mao Mao's choice was based on her desire to be a consulting manager. It is precisely because of this core structure that she found the meaning of working in her current company and actively prepared to change jobs. Finally, one month earlier than I expected, I realized my desire to change jobs. Let's restore a dialogue:
Q: Why do you want to work in the supply chain in Company X?
C: Because I have experience in this field.
Q: What do you expect the experience to bring you?
Come: a sense of accomplishment.
Q: Can you create a sense of accomplishment in your current company?
C: But it's different. The supply chain system of company X is the strongest among enterprises.
Q: What do you expect from such a powerful supply chain system?
Come: grow up. The people in the supply chain system of this company are very capable.
Q: What do you expect from your abilities?
I hope to enter a consulting management company and become a management consultant after 4 years.
Just like peeling an onion, peeling it off layer by layer, Mao Mao saw his inner needs, found the meaning of his present job, regained his confidence and motivation, worked hard to improve himself, and at the same time actively prepared opportunities.
Two months later, Mao Mao sent me a WeChat, and she successfully got her favorite quotation.
Everyone is a scientist. Every decision and behavior of human beings is testing their own assumptions. Assuming that if the inspection is correct, the original building system will remain stable; If the test fails, the original structural system will be rebuilt and the assumptions will be put forward again. This is the process that scientists predict, and it is also the process that people predict their own future.