1 impact assessment of water conservancy projects on ecological environment
Positive benefit analysis of 1. 1
From a long-term perspective, water conservancy projects are of great significance to economic development and environmental protection. It is embodied in the following six aspects: ① building water conservancy is of great significance to power generation; Hydroelectric power generation, for example, mainly uses the kinetic energy generated by water level difference to drive the impeller to rotate to generate electricity, thus avoiding the environmental pollution caused by traditional thermal power generation. (2) Shipping problems, such as the construction of water conservancy projects can raise the upstream water level, form a higher deep-water tunnel, improve the tonnage and load rate of navigable ships, and make it possible for rivers that could have been navigable. (3) It is conducive to reducing flood disasters. For example, the reservoir has the function of flood control and disaster reduction, which not only reduces economic losses, but also reduces people's human and financial losses and promotes people to live and work in peace and contentment. For example, serious waterlogging in a certain area of lingyuan city has brought huge losses to social economy and residents' production. The construction of reservoirs has increased the water storage capacity in flood season and reduced and prevented the occurrence of disaster losses in flood season. (4) Irrigation efficiency, such as the construction of water conservancy facilities, has greatly improved the ecological conditions of irrigation areas, increased agricultural productivity and improved the living standards of residents. ⑤ The water diversion function of water conservancy projects alleviates the urban water supply environment, reduces the shortage of urban and industrial water, promotes regional development and reduces the amount of groundwater exploitation. ⑥ Water conservancy projects also have positive effects on restoring water quality and reducing soil erosion. For example, the operation of water conservancy projects is conducive to purifying water quality, promoting water oxidation and promoting economic development.
1.2 negative impact analysis
For the construction and operation of water conservancy projects, it has brought some economic benefits, but it has also brought some negative effects. (1) blocked the river to some extent, and blocked the activities of aquatic organisms to some extent. (2) It has a certain impact on the water biological community. For example, after the reservoir is filled with water, the regional water temperature gradually drops and the sediment content gradually decreases. At the same time, with the change of river runoff, the oxygen content in river water changes, resulting in a large number of fish deaths and changes in fish population structure, making the fish population smaller and younger as a whole. (3) Water conservancy and water diversion projects change the runoff into the sea, resulting in a decrease in runoff into the sea and a decrease in nutrients in the water, which affects the reproduction of fish in estuaries. At the same time, a large amount of sewage is brought into the river, which makes the water eutrophication serious, leads to the proliferation of various algae and affects the survival of organisms. ④ The centralized construction of a large number of water conservancy projects has changed the geographical environment and crustal conditions around the region to a certain extent, and increased the possibility of earthquakes. This theory has been confirmed by a large number of examples, and its influence can not be ignored. ⑤ After the completion of the reservoir, the water level in the reservoir area changes greatly, and the regional climate changes greatly, such as precipitation and climate change, etc., which should be considered as the main factors in the construction of water conservancy projects. ⑥ The construction of water conservancy projects brings convenience to people's lives, but there are also many hidden dangers. For example, the incidence of some infectious diseases may increase after the reservoir is filled with water. According to the data, after the completion of the reservoir, the incidence of infectious diseases has increased in some countries and regions, which has brought great difficulties to people's lives.
2 problems that should be paid attention to in the environmental construction of water conservancy projects
Based on the above considerations and the basic situation of lingyuan city, the weak agricultural water conservancy facilities in lingyuan city have hindered the development of agriculture and economy to some extent. Therefore, the development of water conservancy projects is the main measure to ensure the economic and social development of lingyuan city. For example, since 20 10, the city has gradually developed water conservancy projects, and some projects have been put into use. At present, the total annual water supply in lingyuan city has increased by 10 times compared with 20 10 years, which has played a positive role in promoting the development of agricultural economy and the prosperity of urban economy. However, the environmental problems caused by the construction of water conservancy projects have also affected the environmental protection and ecological development of lingyuan city.
2. 1 environmental impact
The impact of water conservancy projects on the environment is mainly concentrated in the following six aspects: ① Water conservancy projects are often located on both sides of rivers, with strict geological requirements. Foundation reinforcement during construction involves excavation and other processes, and stone is inevitable. However, local materials often cause damage to the mountain structure, and natural disasters often do harm to the regional environment. (2) The impact on the living environment, such as the long construction period of water conservancy projects and the excessive use of explosives and other tools by some construction units to shorten the construction period, has an impact on the lives of surrounding residents. (3) The scale of water conservancy projects is huge, and traffic arteries will inevitably occur during the construction process, which will have a certain impact on regional traffic. (4) For example, in the construction of hydropower projects, in order to ensure the project, the occupation of agricultural cultivated land is also a big problem, which should be paid attention to in actual production. ⑤ Blasting and the use of chemical materials involved in engineering construction have polluted the surrounding air and soil. ⑥ The construction of water conservancy projects has also brought certain impacts on the survival and climate of wild animals, such as the inability of animals to survive due to human activities and the destruction of vegetation during construction.
2.2 Environmental pollution
Environmental pollution is a common problem in project construction, and water, atmosphere and solid waste are the main pollution. At the same time, noise pollution is also the main factor to be considered, such as the construction around the city. Regarding the above problems, the sources are mainly concentrated in the following four aspects: ① The dust brought by earthwork excavation often leads to the increase of solid particles in the atmosphere, resulting in air pollution; (2) Water pollution caused by construction cleaning water, such as external discharge, will inevitably lead to problems in the surrounding domestic water; (3) Solid waste pollution is also the main factor. For example, the random treatment of construction waste will have a serious impact on the soil and endanger the survival of vegetation; (4) Strengthening construction management and coordination to avoid night construction is also the main measure to control noise, which should be considered comprehensively in construction.
3. Ecological environmental protection measures in water conservancy project construction
In view of the above problems, effective measures should be taken to reduce environmental pollution and ensure the effective implementation of project construction. Specific protection measures are as follows:
3. 1 air pollution protection measures
Regarding the air problem, combined with the actual characteristics of water conservancy projects, air pollution is mainly dust pollution, and effective measures should be taken to control it in actual construction. Construction enterprises to strengthen the construction, the building materials should be classified and stacked in different regions, and the construction site should be arranged reasonably according to the characteristics of construction technology, so as to reduce the secondary dust and other pollution caused by the secondary handling of engineering construction. On the other hand, for foundation construction and earthwork operations, water should be sprinkled in time to ensure that the operation surface is wet, and vehicle protection should be done well during traffic, such as covering and other measures to avoid dust and dust pollution during transportation.
3.2 Water pollution protection measures
The water pollution problem mainly focuses on the water pollution caused by sewage treatment and construction. For example, before construction, it is necessary to do a good survey and take effective measures to reduce the water pollution caused by underground toxic and harmful substances invading the water surface. At the same time, the control of domestic water should be strengthened during construction to avoid direct discharge and water pollution. Especially toilet water, must be treated before it can be discharged. In addition, construction water, such as cleaning water and mixing water, should be simply precipitated in the sedimentation tank before being discharged, so as not to pollute the environment.
3.3 Noise pollution protection measures
Noise pollution is the main problem in construction, especially in construction near residential areas, so as to avoid affecting residents' life and surrounding environment. In this regard, relevant enterprises should arrange the operation time reasonably in strict accordance with the requirements, such as not piling at night to ensure residents and rest. In addition, the construction technology and equipment of the project should adopt low-noise construction, which is also the main measure, and management and response should be strengthened during the construction process.
3.4 solid waste treatment measures
Construction waste is a common problem in construction projects, and how to deal with construction waste should be effectively treated. Classification is the basic principle and strengthening comprehensive utilization is the main measure. For example, waste rocks and earthwork formed during foundation excavation should be reused to save costs and improve efficiency. For some toxic and harmful substances, the construction site should be treated separately, to prevent such substances from running, running, dripping and leaking, to avoid pollution to water and soil and to ensure the surrounding environment.
To sum up, the construction of water conservancy projects has a certain impact on the environment. Combined with the actual situation of water conservancy project in lingyuan city, this paper analyzes the impact on the environment in the process of water conservancy project construction, and puts forward the rectification measures, so as to provide reference for the later project construction and the implementation of environmental protection.
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