Abstract: When someone said: At the beginning of the 20th century, houses in China will be mainly "made" in factories, not built by traditional methods!
Keywords: Jiju 2 1 century
I. Overview
From ancient times to the present, building houses can not be separated from bricks and stones, but artificial masonry or pouring is carried out on site, that is to say, the house is built on site. However, the author first knew that there was a way to build a house like a child building blocks, which was derived from the sci-fi stories of primary schools in the 1950s. Now, when someone says: 265438+the beginning of the 20th century, the houses in China will be "built" mainly in factories, instead of being built by traditional methods! Would you believe it? Although there is only one word difference between "architecture" and "manufacturing", there are essential differences between them. The fabrication of prefabricated buildings is to prefabricate building materials in the factory in advance and then transport them to the construction site for assembly. This will be a "great revolution" faced by China building materials industry at the turn of the century.
Traditional housing has many shortcomings, one of which is that residents are very dissatisfied with the allocated housing. Because the initiative and diversity of their choices cannot be fully satisfied. In recent years, the commercialization of housing has been advocated and gradually implemented, and real estate developers have appeared in the society and a large number of commercial houses have been built. From this perspective, the sale of commercial housing is a buyer's market. However, most property buyers only solve the housing problem, and are not satisfied with the layout, function, quality, price and many other aspects of the commercial housing itself, because there are too few options to choose from, and they can only buy what they can at affordable prices. From this perspective, commercial housing sales seem to be a seller's market, which hinders the promotion of housing commercialization.
Let's shift our vision from the city to the countryside. Wealthy self-employed and farmers, with certain economic strength, always want to tear down the original bungalow and rebuild the building, but no building has this business. Big companies in the city disdain to build small buildings in the countryside, so they have to find local masons or small contractors to complete them. Owners don't have to look at the "design" of the house, so they build bricks and tiles themselves. Except for a few colorful chandeliers, the whole building is not much different from the houses of 100 years ago. After living for several years, I was not satisfied, but I built several more rooms next to it. The functions and conditions of the house have not been greatly improved, wasting land and money.
It seems that the traditional residential design and construction technology has fallen far behind. There are many disadvantages: the labor intensity of construction workers is high, the production efficiency is low, the construction speed is slow, the construction period is long, and the material consumption is high ..... These problems are far from meeting the demand for housing in modern society. Therefore, in order to adapt the construction industry to the needs of modernization, we must open up new roads, abolish the "Qin Brick and Han Tile", adopt new building materials and build houses with new technologies.
So, building manufacturing-prefabricated buildings. What's with this new technology? As mentioned above, the building materials on the site are completely semi-finished products shipped from the factory. After the construction unit does some treatment on the ground, the semi-finished products are assembled into the house. The construction site is no longer divided into bricklayers, carpenters, steel disc workers and other types of work, and the role of construction workers has also changed from the complicated multi-type role in the past to the role of assemblers of single tools such as nail guns and electric drills. This prefabricated building avoids the shortcomings of traditional buildings, and the construction speed is very fast, which can be completed in a short time. Housing manufacturing for enterprises, the labor intensity of workers is greatly reduced, and the cross operation is convenient and orderly; Every working procedure in house assembly can be checked for accuracy like equipment installation to ensure the quality of house manufacturing; Reduce the noise during construction and reduce the stacking area of materials, which is beneficial to environmental protection; Due to factory production and standardized assembly on site, the building manufacturing cost is reduced and it is easy to meet the requirements of room equipment installation and decoration. Therefore, many advantages of prefabricated houses are incomparable to traditional housing construction methods.
Second, the function and advantages
Design diversification
At present, the housing design is out of touch with the housing demand, with many load-bearing walls, small studio and dead separation, and the indoor space cannot be flexibly divided. However, assembled houses can be divided into small halls and halls according to the needs of residents. One of the core problems of adopting flexible large bay in residence is to have supporting light partition wall. Light steel keel with gypsum board or other light boards is the best material for partition wall and ceiling.
(2) Functional modernization
For a long time, houses with water and electricity have been modernized. However, in 2 1 century, only this requirement will fall behind. Modern prefabricated houses should have the following functions:
1. The energy-saving exterior wall has insulation layer to maximize the energy consumption of heating in winter and air conditioning in summer;
2. Sound insulation improves the sealing function of walls, doors and windows, and the thermal insulation material has sound absorption function, so that there is a quiet environment indoors to avoid the interference of external noise;
3. Use incombustible or flame retardant fireproof materials to prevent the fire from spreading or spreading;
4. A large number of lightweight materials are used for earthquake resistance, so as to reduce the building weight and increase the assembled flexible connection;
5. The appearance is not luxurious, but the facade is clear and distinctive, and it will not crack, deform or fade after long-term use;
6. Provide favorable conditions for kitchens and bathrooms to be equipped with sanitary facilities;
7. Create possibilities for rebuilding and adding new electrical equipment or communication equipment.
(3) Factorization of manufacturing industry
It is difficult to make all kinds of beautiful patterns on the external surface of traditional buildings through on-site construction, and the painted color coating will not appear color difference and will not fade for a long time. However, this can be easily achieved by mold, mechanized spraying and baking process. Wooden windows, steel doors and windows, and thin-walled aluminum doors and windows were gradually eliminated. Plastic steel doors and windows are on the rise, and the manufacturing technology is more advanced; Block insulation materials are completely replaced by plates and felt materials; Roof truss, light steel keel, all kinds of metal hangers, connectors, accurate size, all mechanized production; Floors and roof panels should also be prefabricated in the factory to facilitate construction; Indoor materials such as gypsum board, floor material, ceiling board, paint, wallpaper, etc. It can only be manufactured through complicated production lines. Moreover, in the production process of the factory, the performance indexes of materials can be controlled at any time, such as stress, fire resistance, frost resistance, fire prevention and moisture prevention, sound insulation and heat preservation.
The house is a big piece of equipment, and modern building materials are the parts of this equipment. The quality of these parts can be guaranteed by strict industrial production, and the assembled house can meet the functional requirements. In contrast, some building materials such as cement, brick lime, sand, steel bars, wood and so on are used. Building a house on the construction site by manual means is dwarfed. (
4) Construction and assembly
Because the self-importance of prefabricated buildings is reduced by half compared with traditional buildings, the foundation is also simplified. After the prefabricated building components leave the factory, workers will assemble them on site according to the drawings, and there will be no large-scale wet effects such as plastering, plastering and wall building on the previous construction site. The component structure has the following advantages:
1. The progress is fast and it can be put into use in a short time;
2. The labor force is reduced, and the crossover operation is convenient and orderly;
3. Every working procedure can be checked for accuracy like equipment installation to ensure quality;
4. The construction site has low noise, less bulk materials and less waste water discharge, which is beneficial to environmental protection;
5. The construction cost is reduced.
Third, meet the challenge.
At present, few people can afford a car with a national income of 100 square meter. However, improving the quality of cars and reducing production costs have become an important issue for China automobile industry. However, when bicycles were popularized in China for 30 years, if efforts were made in the future development of automobiles, the quality and price problems faced by automobiles today would not be too great. Now the housing problem of urban and rural residents is more urgent than buying a car. Therefore, in any case, today's housing problems in the 265438+ 10 ~ 20' s should be considered in advance, otherwise the problems will fluctuate quite when they pile up.
Prefabricated buildings are very popular products abroad. By 2020, this kind of house will not be a luxury in China. It is more urgent than the demand for cars. In fact, by 20 10, China will be able to produce prefabricated buildings with the above conditions in terms of design, function, production and installation. The level is not high, and it is 40 years behind the industrialized countries, because foreign countries have already done so. For example, a customer who needs to buy a house walks into a real estate company and has a whole local atlas in front of him, with hundreds of designs to choose from; If it is ready-made, it will be delivered as soon as the contract is signed. If it is not ready-made, it will be assembled for you soon.
At present, China's steel production is large and the price is not high, which can be widely used in the construction market. If steel structure is adopted, the prefabricated houses are made of gypsum board, light steel keel, rock wool, GRC color external wall panels, plastic steel doors and windows, color steel composite panels and other materials. No matter from the price, function and comfort, it will be superior to the existing brick-concrete and concrete structure houses. It seems that from 2 1 century, prefabricated buildings will be the inevitable trend of housing construction and development in China.
In recent years, the decision-making level of Beixin Building Materials (Group) Co., Ltd. is far-sighted, and actively produces components of prefabricated buildings, including GRC boards, ceilings, LFC color steel plates, mineral wool sound-absorbing boards, plastic steel doors and windows, and so on. Its purpose is to explore the innovation and "revolution" of building materials industry. The focus and goal of Beixin is to realize the housing industrialization and March into the fabricated housing manufacturing industry. At the same time, it will also promote the application of new building materials in China towards industrialization, standardization and diversification.
China's housing construction industry lags behind the advanced industrial countries, so we should change our ideas quickly, face the future and meet the challenges. In the process of modernization of China's housing industry, we should catch up and create more, better, more beautiful and comfortable prefabricated houses for the broad masses of the people.
In the future 10 ~ 20 years, or even a longer period, urban and rural housing construction will be a new driving point and growth point of China's economic development. Now, far-sighted entrepreneurs should actively start preparations and enthusiastically develop, produce and promote complete sets of prefabricated building materials. Then in the near future, we will meet the growing market demand with very mature products and make contributions to the economic take-off of China in the 2 1 century!
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