The peak era of building energy saving and green building has arrived. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, Guangdong will vigorously implement the "100,000" project and create a number of national, provincial and municipal green building demonstrations. First, build 10 or more green eco-cities (parks) with Lingnan characteristics; The second is to build more than 100 backbone enterprises for building energy-saving products production and technical services, focusing on supporting enterprises with certain scale and conditions to become bigger and stronger, and establishing and improving the building energy-saving industrial chain in Guangdong Province; Thirdly, about 65,438+0,000 buildings with green building signs are selected as the green building demonstration project in Guangdong Province, and the promotion experience is summarized. By the end of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, more than 40 million square meters of green buildings will be built in Guangdong Province. The newly released Guangdong Green Building Action Implementation Plan stipulates that from 20 1 41month1day, large-scale public buildings (with a physical building area of over 20,000 square meters) will be built, and the Guangzhou and Shenzhen municipal governments will fully implement the green building standards for public buildings and new affordable housing. From 20 17 65438+ 10/0, all affordable housing in the province will implement green building standards, and Guangzhou and Shenzhen will implement energy consumption quotas for large public buildings. From the national situation, all new buildings must meet the green building standards from June 1 2065438 in Beijing and August 1 20 13 in Shenzhen. It is also possible for all new buildings in the future to meet the green one-star standard, which is a mandatory requirement at the national level. First, green building design is still the "leader" of green buildings. Looking at the present situation of architecture in China, no matter what region or climate, the architectural appearance is almost the same as that of a thousand cities. High-rise office buildings and hotel commercial buildings are mostly shiny glass curtain walls and central air conditioning. The characteristics of regional buildings are not reflected at all, and the air conditioning of indoor environment is still too dependent on manual adjustment (air conditioning, electrical appliances). Lost the function of building self-regulation and self-adaptation. Most buildings stay in copying and imitating the dazzling shapes of foreign countries, and there are glass boxes everywhere. Emphasis on form, light function; Pay more attention to appearance than connotation. It is divorced from or even contrary to the actual function and climate environment, resulting in double waste and unrealistic construction and operation. From the whole life cycle of green building, its design is still "faucet". Although the design only needs to consume very few resources, it determines the fate of the building for decades-the consumption level of energy and resources. If the concept of green building is integrated in the planning and design stage, and the factors of green building are injected from the source, the sustainable development of architecture can get twice the result with half the effort. Green design is the foundation and "leader" of green manufacturing and sustainable development, because design often determines the resource consumption and pollution emission of the whole product life cycle. Only by making full use of green design in the whole life cycle, so that the consumption, emission and waste of resources and harmful substances are the least, the adverse impact on the environment is the least, and the utilization rate of resources is the highest, can we finally get real economic, social and ecological benefits. Therefore, green design is the foundation and cornerstone of green buildings. Second, let the concept of green building design run through the whole process of planning and design. The key to developing green buildings is to establish green consciousness and popularize green design in design enterprises. It is not only to meet the national and provincial green standards, but also to complete the task with a few stars. Instead, we gradually accept the green building concept of energy saving, land saving, wood saving, material saving and environmental protection from the heart, and consciously create healthy, comfortable, resource-saving and sustainable architectural works for the owners and society in design practice. This requires us to carry out the green consciousness in the whole process from site selection, planning, architectural scheme to the detailed structure of single building, and to think and practice in every project. The difference between green building design and traditional building design. Green design: Based on the evaluation criteria and objectives of green buildings, it needs the cooperation of many related majors to complete the technical integration and optimization design of each major, which is the superposition and combination of various technologies. Green design includes many fine designs, and follows the strategy of "passive priority and active optimization", and also carries out various planning comparisons and simulation analysis. In order to achieve the architectural goal, the green building team should get together with the building units and architectural design units to discuss, hold meetings and run in, and inspire everyone's wisdom. All disciplines need to be cross-integrated. Each target option of green building should be specifically implemented in the corresponding professional scheme and construction drawing design. Traditional architectural design: according to the professional division, on the basis of the established architectural scheme, it basically follows the linear process of "building-structure-water supply and drainage-electricity-HVAC-budget estimation" and performs its duties. In architectural engineering design, each major usually aims at meeting the wishes and construction period of the construction unit, pays attention to meeting the relevant specifications of their respective majors, pays attention to not violating mandatory provisions, and pays no attention to economic benefits, so that social benefits and sustainable development benefits can go hand in hand. It is difficult to reduce energy consumption, save energy and protect the environment and achieve sustainable development after innovative operation of buildings. At present, China is still in the primary stage of green building development, and it is inevitable that traditional architectural design will be out of touch with green building design. For example, because it is a new thing, many architects generally follow the traditional thinking mode in the early stage of scheme conception, burying themselves in the conventional creative methods or procedures, and paying little attention to green. Even many people don't regard the concept of green ecology and sustainable development as their basic literacy, think that architectural creation can be ignored, and think that it is enough to find an engineer for green building consultation after the scheme is determined. Engineers in other majors often only consider designing projects according to the traditional process, and then go back and consider filling in green content. Professional green consulting engineers can't participate in the pre-planning and architectural scheme of most projects, but when it comes to green technology, they are faced with the finalization of the scheme. Most of them can only act according to the map and cook the rice, which will inevitably lead to the patchwork of technology and standard provisions, and some technical solutions have to be chosen or reluctantly given up. The feasibility and cost performance are limited, which violates the purpose and principle of green building. 3. Appropriate technology selection is the key to the success or failure of green building design. All energy-saving technologies have applicability and limitations. Blindly pursuing the listing of high-tech and green building technologies will not necessarily bring the effect of energy saving and emission reduction, but will bring high investment, high energy consumption and low cost performance, which will damage the good reputation of green buildings. Therefore, in the design stage, we must make a technical and economic evaluation of the green building technology to be adopted according to the climate characteristics of the design project, select the appropriate green building technology, and integrate them effectively according to local conditions. Appropriate technology is not necessarily "high-tech" technology, but mostly traditional "low-tech" technology, also known as passive technology. Such as the courtyard, arcade, cold alley, courtyard, lattice shading and other regional architectural elements of Lingnan architecture. Therefore, in the process of green design, we should always adhere to the principle of "passive priority", draw nutrition from local houses, fully consider the local climate characteristics, and determine the appropriate architectural form. Architects at this level have to do more than the remedial contribution of taking some energy-saving measures after the scheme is determined or the construction drawing is completed. The clever use of passive technology not only depends on the designer's own literacy, but also needs computer simulation for quantitative analysis. Quantitative analysis is the use of computer simulation technology to analyze the impact of various external natural and human interference factors on green buildings. For example, ventilation effect simulation, sunshine effect analysis and noise interference effect analysis. A design project, from site selection, general layout planning to structural nodes, may have a great impact on the use of functions. If the designer's perceptual knowledge and experience can't solve it satisfactorily, the most accurate way is to carry out computer simulation, such as CFD fluid analysis, lighting simulation, lighting simulation and noise analysis aided design. In the simulation analysis, we should also pay attention to whether the boundary setting and model selection are in line with the reality, so as not to mislead the design, and the above refined design can create a real green building. 4. Promoting green design is the historical responsibility and development needs of large and medium-sized design enterprises. Developing green design is the need of enterprise's own development. Low-carbon society and green building are the development trend of the world, and have also become the national policy of China. Developing green design is the need for enterprises to improve their technical level and core competitiveness to avoid being eliminated by the market. Scientific and technological innovation leads the development of enterprises, determines their industry status and improves their soft power. Based on this, large and medium-sized design companies must take the road of green building design. Design is the most important link in the green cause. Although scientific research institutions and universities have done a lot of research on green construction, they will eventually put the scientific research results into practical projects, and theory must be combined with practice. Large and medium-sized design enterprises are undoubtedly the backbone of the green cause, and we are duty-bound. Without the participation of design companies, all green building standards are castles in the air and cannot be implemented. And the design is not well done, and even the right technology will be aimless. In addition, through refined optimization design, people's green behavior, green lifestyle and green working style can be changed, so as to truly realize the green goal of the whole society. So we have a long way to go, and we should pursue it from top to bottom.
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