Engineering cost control runs through the whole process of engineering construction, which is generally divided into pre-control, in-process control and post-control. Specifically, it is to prevent final accounts from exceeding budget, budget from exceeding budgetary estimate and budgetary estimate from exceeding budgetary estimate. In practice, cost control can be carried out in the following stages.
Investment decision-making stage: scientifically prepare investment estimate, which is the main cost document in the investment decision-making stage of a project, and is also an integral part of the project proposal and feasibility study report. Investment estimation is very important for project decision-making and success or failure. Investment estimation should be fully considered and reasonable, fully estimate the benefits and risks during and after the construction of the project, and put forward countermeasures and preventive measures, but it should also prevent overestimation and be as comprehensive, accurate and reasonable as possible. If a project makes mistakes in decision-making in the early stage, no matter how hard it works in the later stage of construction, it can't make up for the losses. For example, Guangzhou Peugeot lost money due to investment decisions, and the direct economic loss was 654.38+0.2 billion yuan.
Design stage: after the investment decision, the key to control the project cost lies in design. According to the analysis of some western countries, the design fee generally only accounts for less than 1% of the whole life cycle cost of a construction project, and the cost below 1% has more than 75% impact on the project cost. It can be seen that the design quality is very important to the benefit of the whole project construction.
According to the investment estimate, make a preliminary design and make a reasonable design estimate. Once the design budget is approved, it shall not be broken at will to ensure the strict implementation of the national fixed assets investment plan; Complete the construction drawing design on the basis of the approved budget and accurately prepare the construction drawing budget. Try not to exceed the estimated budget, and the budget will not exceed the estimated budget. It is necessary to clearly stipulate the responsibility system for the design unit to control the project cost step by step, supplemented by the necessary reward and punishment system.
At the beginning of design, the idea of controlling investment is rooted in the designer's mind. Through the implementation of quota design, design bidding and design scheme selection, popularization of standard design, application of value engineering principle, design quality is improved, and the unity of technology and economy is realized. In the design process, the project cost management personnel should closely cooperate with the designers, analyze and compare the project investment in time, feed back the cost information, actively influence the design, optimize the design, and ensure that the investment is effectively controlled.
Bidding construction stage: through bidding competition, the owner chooses the best contractor, which is conducive to reducing the project cost and is an important means of cost control. Cost management personnel should carefully prepare the pre-tender estimate according to the current specifications, quotas and charging standards, construction drawings, site factors, time limit for a project, etc. And control the pre-tender estimate within the budgetary estimate or budget. Reasonable pre-tender estimate cost is the guarantee of engineering quality. High-priced contracting makes the owner suffer; Low-cost contracting will lead to irregular construction, unsafe construction, delayed construction period, hidden dangers in construction quality and increase the maintenance cost of the whole life cycle of the project.
The construction stage is not only the process of turning the design into a valuable entity, but also the process of effectively controlling the project cost and providing the original basis for reasonably determining the project cost. The owner may establish the system of responsible person for project cost control, and the professionals of the project cost consulting unit shall be responsible for project cost control. Strictly control visas, strictly control engineering changes, minimize the cost of changes, and review and evaluate related claims. Without the visa signed by the person in charge of project cost control, the project payment shall not be settled, and the project payment schedule shall be controlled to prevent the project payment from being overpaid.
Completion acceptance and post-evaluation stage: the completion settlement of the project is an important basis for reasonably determining the project cost, and both the construction unit and the owner attach great importance to the audit settlement of the project price. The settlement book of the project is compiled by the construction unit, and the owner entrusts a qualified intermediary agency for review. The compilation of project settlement is not only directly related to the interests of the builder and the constructor, but also related to the actual results of the project cost. The compilation of project settlement should conform to the relevant national policies and regulations, and seek truth from facts. Practice has proved that under normal circumstances, the difference between the audited project settlement price and the compiled project settlement price is about 10%, and some of them are as high as 20%, which plays an important role in controlling investment and saving funds.
As a comprehensive evaluation of the whole construction project, post-evaluation is also a summary of the project cost. On the one hand, it summarizes the experience of effective cost control and comprehensive management in the whole process of project construction, on the other hand, it analyzes the shortcomings in cost control, trying to find out the factors that affect the whole process cost management due to subjective reasons and overcome them. In short, through the post-evaluation of construction projects, we can achieve the purpose of affirming achievements, summing up experience, studying problems, learning lessons, making suggestions and improving work, constantly improving the project decision-making level and investment effect, and also enabling our cost control work to be completed from beginning to end.
In a word, it is an inevitable trend for the development of project cost management to control the whole process of project cost. In order to effectively control the cost of construction projects, we must shift the control focus to the investment decision-making and design stage in the early stage of construction, especially the key stage of design, in order to achieve twice the result with half the effort. At the same time, it is necessary to implement the "integrated" management of project cost estimation, budgetary estimate, budget, contract price, settlement price and final accounts for completion, so as to change the situation of subsection management in the past. Strengthening the active control of project cost and the dynamic management and supervision of the whole process is of great significance to further improve the investment benefit of construction projects. Only in this way can we be in an invincible position in the fierce international and domestic competition and better meet the needs of the development of China's socialist market economy.