Introduction to the scenic spots of Forty-four Emperors:
Xue Kun: According to legend, one day in the Mid-Autumn Festival in the 11th year of Jian 'an (2007), when the sky was high and the clouds were light, Cao Cao and his entourage came to Praise Valley on the plank road in Shimen, Hanzhong. This beautiful scenery, the fragrance of wild flowers, and the clear water flowing down from the valley refer to a boulder in the middle of the river, splashing like snow. Cao Cao was intoxicated by this beautiful natural scenery, and this book became a masterpiece, inscribed with the word Xue Kun. After the handwriting was written, everyone admired Cao's calligraphy, but no one dared to ask the question that Chinese characters lacked three points. A man dared to ask: Premier, your handwriting is so good, but three points are missing from Chinese characters. After hearing this, Cao laughed at the sky. He pointed to the rolling water and said, why is there a shortage of water near the water? At this time, everyone wakes up like a dream.
Emperors of Southern Tang Dynasty: Li Yu, Yu Meiren, when was the Moon in the Spring and Autumn Period? How much is known about the past? The small building was easterly last night, so my country can't look back on the Moon. Carved jade should still be there, but Zhu Yan has changed, asking how much sorrow you can have, just like a river flowing eastward.
Evonne, Zong Wei in Song Dynasty: the seat of the Eighth Emperor of Northern Song Dynasty (11001125). Evonne is the son of Song Shenzong Zhao Yong and the brother of philosopher Zhao Xi. On the one hand, Evonne courted the Queen. On the other hand, he studied calligraphy and painting diligently, and was polite in front of ministers, enjoying a high reputation. On the eighth day of the first month of Fu Yuan's third year (1 100), Zhezong died. Evonne got his wish. Acceded to the throne, while the Sect was politically corrupt and incompetent. During his reign, treacherous court officials played politics. He was good at calligraphy and painting, but he created his own thin navy department to run a painting academy and compile a painting spectrum, which made great contributions to the development of China's art. In the seventh year of Xuanhe, the Jinbing micro-faction was hurriedly introduced to the Qin school, claiming to be the emperor's father. In the second year of Qing Dynasty, Kang (1 127) and Qin were captured by the rulers and sent to the north. Song Zong Wei created a thin body: Evonne was not only a painter, but also had high attainments in calligraphy. In Wang Qingwenzhi's Poem on a Book, it is stated that he will not be imprisoned for painting an autumn eagle with a voxel, and his brushwork is like Yongxing, which is the first to harm his works and calligraphy. There are too many people who can learn calligraphy in Zhao Ji. He created a unique thin gold body, which is to make his calligraphy rich and upright.
Ming Sizong Jiu Si: Confucius said: A gentleman has Jiu Si, who thinks clearly, listens attentively, looks humble, speaks loyally, is sensitive, asks doubtful questions, and thinks difficultly. A gentleman has nine considerations: whether to see clearly, whether to hear clearly, whether to understand clearly, whether to be gentle, whether to be respectful, and whether to speak.
Empress Dowager Cixi: Ye He Na La (1835 1908), the concubine of Emperor Xianfeng, was named the Queen of Iraq after her birth. After living in Palace of Gathered Elegance, Zai Chun ascended the throne as Tongzhi Emperor, and Nala was promoted to Empress Dowager, known as the Virgin Queen. Yehnara wanted to report her great power. 186 1 year, she launched a Xin you coup, began to listen to politics, and mastered the real power in the DPRK. She had to fight the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement with local Han dignitaries, such as Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhuo. Because of her efforts, the Qing Dynasty experienced intense and temporary stability, that is, in the later period of Tongguang rule, she devoted herself to compromise with the outside world, competing to say something to measure China's material resources and win the favor of the country. She died on 1908, and the Qing Dynasty perished four years later.
Wu Zetian: In September of the first year of Tiancai (690), Wu Zetian ascended the throne and proclaimed himself emperor, changing Tang Dynasty to Zhou Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty to Tiancai, and history called Wu Zhou Dynasty. Wu Zetian (624,705) became the queen of Tang Gaoyongwei, a native of Wenshui, Shanxi Province, and participated in the political affairs. She also wrote a new name _ (that is, Zhao Zi) as her name. She was well versed in literature and history, tried many tricks, initiated the imperial examination system, and took Gong's examination in person, so that officials and people with nine grades or above could recommend themselves, promoted a large number of ordinary landlords to be officials, and dealt a blow to the nobility. At the same time, she persisted in resisting the harassment of Tuzha, Tubo and other military nobles, regained important places, re-established Anxi four towns, effectively defended the border defense and made contributions to the politics, economy and culture of the Tang Dynasty. Wu Zetian changed the Tang Dynasty to Zhou Changda 15. Xue Hai: Wang Xizhi didn't write for Chang 'e. It belongs to the word "Yi".
Loyalty and forgiveness do not spare: Confucius said: a gentleman is loyal and forgiving. A gentleman insists on justice, not small letters.
Twelve. Guihetang
Introduction to Guihetang:
Guihetang is the house where Chang Bingjun, the second son of Chang Wanda and Chang Huai _, lives. Chang Bingjun was born in the forty-second year of Qianlong (1778), and his grandfather was in the prime of life. According to family rumors, Chang Wanda Gong built a hall for his grandson (Shi Bing) and named it the hall himself. The old house of Guihetang should be built in the last years of Qianlong. So Guihetang belongs to one of the top ten old houses in Beichang. Probably because Bingjun was born when his grandfather was sixty years old, he was given a noble word, named Guihetang. Among the restored manors, Guihetang has five firsts: one is the largest and most complete manor in existence; The original eight courtyards of Guihetang, including the main courtyard, backyard, Dongxinyuan, Xixinyuan and small academy, have been restored. Secondly, the preserved brick carvings, wood carvings, stone carvings and painted paintings are intact and have the highest artistic taste; Third, there is the largest screen wall of the whole manor and even the residential courtyard in the province; Fourth, the seven-bay back building is the most upscale building in China; Fifthly, the Jin-style Ming and Qing furniture has the most complete variety and high grade; There are 1000 sets of daily necessities, furniture, decorations, utensils and furniture, which truly show the daily life culture. Guihetang old house consists of three parts: side courtyard, main courtyard and backyard. There are 73 buildings, including buildings, courtyards, wings and corridors.
Plaque: Du Shuofu:-threshold; Du Zhong, a big threshold; The residence of the general guarding the border.
Lian: the connection of the gas field, under the phoenix crane, under the Yao, the Longhu Mountain is full of grass. Deng's writing in qing dynasty.
Courtyard structure:
After the resumption of opening, Changjia Manor has 9 halls 19 courtyards, which can be roughly divided into four types from the architectural structure: Jiehetang, Renhe Hall, Yanghetang and Guihetang. The new courtyards are square, that is, the front yard is rectangular, with five east and west courtyards and ten north and south courtyards; The backyard is divided into two, rectangular, with five in the north, five in the south and ten in the east and west.
Shenhetang and Yonghetang are behind the same front yard and are divided into formal backyard structures. Its main courtyard is the same as Jiehe Hall, but the wing has only the east room and no west room. There are only three rooms in the north and south. Guanghetang is opposite to Tihetang in the north and south, and there is no front yard. The east and west rooms are 10, which is divided into upper and lower rooms by the clip-on archway in the courtyard.
The former residence of Guihetang is unique, connecting the main courtyard, backyard and side courtyard into one, forming its own unique style. Their similarity lies in that no matter what the structure, the upper house and the lower house are strictly distinguished, and they will never go beyond the Fang Zhengzhi rules and hierarchy. Moreover, each main courtyard has a small and exquisite clip arch flower wall partition, which makes the deep courtyard form a pattern of five miles, five outside, four miles and three outside.
The screen wall of the motto: Entering the corner gate of the two-column Baoxia Gallery, commonly known as the North Point, there is a screen wall five meters square, which is the screen wall of the motto of the brick carving in this area and has the artistic value of all the houses in the province. There are 340 gold-plated square seals in the middle of the screen wall, with the motto of being virtuous, standing at attention, being a man and involving things, accompanied by broken sentences such as knife coins, cloth coins, ding and furnace. Because of the traditional painting method of Mongolian gold firing, it is still well preserved. Gugugu: Passing words and training words means instructions to future generations. Valley: A general term for crops or grains. Family members are required to study and abide by the teachings of their ancestors every day, just like eating every day, not all day.
Main courtyard: enter the east-facing brick carving hanging flower gate, which is the main courtyard of Guihetang. The main courtyard is bounded by the main hall and divided into front and rear rooms; The front yard is divided into upper and lower rooms by a three-door clip archway, making the whole courtyard a three-way courtyard. A three-door archway divides the main courtyard of Guihetang into upper and lower floors. The upper house is where the brothers live, and the lower house is where the younger brothers and adult generations live. The Confucian etiquette of being orderly, respecting the old and loving the young is very obvious under this sign. The interior furnishings not only give people a blow from Confucianism, but also amaze ordinary cultural relics lovers and collectors. As for the hollow pocket of the patio, it is necessary to install a brick carving wall. This arcade usually only opens side doors, and the main entrance will only be opened when guests and guests come on festive days, so that everyone can see the main hall in the yard. Living in the main hall is the head of the family in this hall. It is also a place for the whole family to discuss and receive distinguished guests. The living room on the left and the bedroom on the right can double as a Buddhist temple, leading to the backyard, so that the owner of the room can know the big and small things at home without leaving home. This model can be said to be unique.
Embroidered Building: This two-story building facing south is also called Embroidered Building. Upstairs for unmarried women to live in, the first floor is the room where maids rest and live; When it comes to embroidered buildings, people will naturally think of words such as "the main door does not go out, and the second door does not go out". In fact, my parents were engaged in foreign trade in 1998, and their family style is democratic and open. According to records, Guihetang's early daughters-in-law, such as Fan Taian and Dr. Wen, were all talented women, and their daughters naturally received a good education. In addition, the Chang family also took the lead in establishing the Chang School for Women's Shame in a girls' school in Shanxi Province. More than 20 women in Guihetang alone have received secondary education. Can such a young lady be kept in this embroidered building?
Embroidered plaque upstairs: Shu Feng was given to Chang Zanchun's wife, Qiao Shi, by students from Chinese Language College of Shanxi Women's Normal School. Shu refers to a lady and describes the dignified and beautiful behavior of women; Virtue is virtue; But it is possible and worthwhile; Wind refers to style. Praising Chang Zanchun's wife's virtuous and dignified character and accomplishment is a model for women, which deserves to be followed by every younger generation.
The plaque embroidered downstairs: Learning is easy to get old —— Students in the liberal arts class of Shanxi University often praise Chun-Li for their teachers. General idea: praise the teacher's profound knowledge and wish the teacher a long and healthy life.
Couplets: Lily in the shade of bamboo trees, birds singing and flowers singing on the road, birds singing morning and night, and chickens singing Qin-written by Deng in Qing Dynasty. Dai Li, bamboo hat and wooden shoes are common clothes for rural hermits. Fan Yu, temple; Qinfa, a legal instrument, generally refers to music played by Buddhism and Taoism during ceremonies and Dojo; Qinfa-a metaphor for playing music with ancient and distant instruments.
Hall plaque: He Jiong Hall
Lian: Ni Yunlin Pavilion, written by Mi Laoying Guangbao Jinzhai in Qing Dynasty, Ni Qianming's calligrapher Ni Zan, whose name is Qian Weng; In Qing Dynasty, Ni Qian studied Wang Xianzhi's brushwork and wrote The Complete Works of Qing Pavilion. Yunlin Pavilion, the name of Ni Zan's living room; Mi Lao refers to Mi Fei, a great calligrapher in the Song Dynasty; Ying Guang and Mi Fei's special post "Tang Guang Post"; Jinbaozhai, Mifei's special post "Jinbaozhai Sticker".
Backyard: After walking through the main hall and lobby, enter the backyard. The east room of the backyard is occupied by the bookkeeper, which can also be called the cashier's room of Guihetang. The private school teacher lives in the west of the main hall and the library of the main hall is set up. Of course, neither the cashier in the east nor the teacher in the private school can pass through the hall without the master's call, so they can only take the small hanging flower door in the east that communicates with the side yard. When you enter the backyard, can you feel its golden wall shining, spacious and bright? Just its seven-bay, two-story pavilion has shown the extraordinary spirit of its owner. Therefore, it is rumored that after the completion of the manor, some people once said that they were suspected of violating the system. According to the system of the Qing Dynasty, only seven-bay buildings were allowed, but despite their bureaucratic status, the Chang family failed to enjoy the first-class regulations. However, the Chang family has a long history of Confucianism, and will never act furtively and violate the system because of reason and emotion. Therefore, whether it is illegal or not, we have to leave a suspense. The first floor is the living room, which is usually only used to receive important guests, but the function of this living room is extraordinary. A large number of scholars began to emerge among the descendants of the Chang family in modern times. Chang Zanchun, Chang and their uncles and brothers, who are quite famous in the modern history of China. , * * * four generations of 24 people, organized the first family poetry club in China _ Chinese poetry club here. After the establishment of the poetry club, it is determined to set up a number of club days every month; Every social day, everyone will get together to recite poems, discuss manuscripts, scrutinize texts, and comment on calligraphy and painting. , make the whole hall full of elegant and learned atmosphere. What is particularly commendable is that, under the situation of internal troubles and foreign invasion at that time, _ China Poetry Society actually persisted in its activities for 13 years, and selected and published four volumes of poems of _ China Poetry Society. It has become a major event in Shanxi's modern cultural history, and it also reflects the profound cultural background of the Chang clan who worship Confucianism and value education.
On the back floor, there is a plaque inscribed by the governor of Shanxi Province for Chang Zanchun.
Lian: Taigu is full of Kun, and there are many spring scenery in your home. Changqing praised spring writing. Antique, namely ancient times, refers to the rise and fall of history; Gankun is the way of yin and yang, heaven and earth; Everywhere, nearby, not far from the road.
Poster downstairs: dismembered Hui Shilin: a plaque inscribed for Chang Zanchun by Xia, Shaanxi magistrate. General idea: Mr. Wang's moral character and knowledge have cultivated Shanxi students and benefited scholars a lot.
Lian: Why do you have to be familiar with the history of the Nine Classics to broaden your horizons? If you want to open your eyes, you must travel to famous mountains and rivers. Chang's writing in qing dynasty.