Keywords: expressway; Engineering; Supervisor
With the steady and rapid development of China's national economy, highway infrastructure construction has sprung up everywhere. In order to ensure that the quality, progress and investment control of highway engineering meet the contract requirements and serve the society. Supervision work is particularly important in this respect, especially the monitoring of project quality. As the saying goes, "quality is the first priority", therefore, the quality control of the project is placed in the most important position, and the monitoring of other projects is also organically combined and synchronized. The supervision method of "three controls, two pipes and one coordination" is discussed in detail below. "Three controls" means quality, schedule and investment control; "Two managements" are contract management and information management; "One coordination" refers to the coordination between the owner and the contractor.
1 quality control of the project
(1) Before the construction, the quality technical disclosure shall be made, and the design and supervision personnel shall make technical disclosure to the contractor, review the design drawings and materials submitted in the construction contract, verify and clarify unclear issues, fill in gaps, put forward matters needing attention in key parts of the construction, and provide the contractor with quality control procedures, process control procedures and program descriptions, so as to realize the standardization and proceduralization of quality control, and examples of common quality defects that are easy to occur in the construction and their causes, manifestations and procedures. At the same time of technical disclosure, the contractor rechecks the construction site and alignment data to determine whether the data is consistent with the design.
② Establishing and perfecting the quality assurance system is the key to ensure the excellent quality of the project. First of all, it is clear that the director is the person in charge of quality control and the contractor's project manager is the first person responsible for ensuring the quality of the project. Secondly, establish their own quality assurance system, equipped with full-time quality inspectors. The project quality is all based on data, and quality tracking, supervision, inspection and control are carried out during the project implementation. According to the requirements of the contract, the contractor is equipped with construction machinery, testing equipment, instruments and tools that meet the needs of project quality and progress. Establish a site laboratory with sufficient full-time laboratory personnel to track and test the construction quality. Finally, establish a safety production guarantee system, a safety production leading group with the director as the leader, the project manager as the first person responsible for safety, and full-time security officers. The director and the project manager should go to the site frequently, and the full-time security officer should supervise and inspect every day. ③ Pay attention to on-site quality management and control. First of all, after the contractor submits the mobilization report, it will review the contractor's machinery, equipment, personnel and construction organization plan according to the contract, and propose amendments. In the process of construction, the construction of each sub-project is examined and approved, and specific requirements are put forward, which are followed by professional supervision engineers and contractors, laying a foundation for establishing quality awareness and attaching importance to quality. Secondly, in terms of subgrade and pavement, the on-site quality control sheet mainly controls the filler width, loose paving thickness and compactness of each layer. Testing engineer first checks the materials used by the contractor to pave the road, and unqualified materials are not allowed to enter the site. Those that have entered the site are not allowed to be used, and shall be ordered to clear the site, and the mixture ratio shall be verified to ensure that all indicators meet the design requirements. Third, professional engineers conduct spot checks on the line, elevation, width, thickness, flatness and transverse slope of the construction site, and conduct a comprehensive inspection of subgrade fill every five floors. For the unqualified points in the compaction spot check, intensive testing should be carried out around the unqualified points to find out the reasons of the unqualified points (such as large water content, uneven grading, insufficient compaction times, etc.). ), and adopt the method of replacement, drying or pressure for processing, and then re-inspection, until qualified. Firstly, check the foundation bearing capacity of the structure, control the geometric size, and randomly check the mortar concrete strength of the structure. Finally, after each working procedure is completed, the contractor shall pass the self-inspection and report for acceptance. Incomplete and inaccurate information will not be accepted. If the acceptance is unqualified, the next working procedure construction or intermediate completion shall not be carried out. The construction quality of each working procedure must be well controlled.
2 schedule control
The construction progress of the project is determined according to the requirements of the total contract period and the specific construction conditions. The supervisor and the contractor jointly complete the overall construction plan, arrange the construction in monthly and ten-day units, hold a site meeting once a month, summarize the progress, quality and measurement, find out the deficiencies or existing problems, propose solutions, customize the construction plan for next month, and make the project progress basically completed as planned. The methods are as follows: ① Check the quantity and intact rate of mechanical equipment provided by the contractor. Construction machinery is the key to the preparation of the project schedule. If the quantity of mechanical equipment does not meet the contract requirements, it should be replenished in time to meet the needs of engineering construction. (2) Review the detailed construction organization plan prepared by the contractor. According to the requirements of the construction period, check whether the capacity and quantity of the contractor's mechanical equipment and management personnel meet the needs of the contract and construction, and whether the construction organization plan is reasonable and feasible. (3) Hold a site meeting in time. In the process of construction, the director organizes a site meeting once a month, which requires the project manager, chief engineer and related professional and technical personnel to attend. The meeting reported the project quality, progress and construction safety. Construction arrangements for this month and next month. There are problems that need to be solved by the supervisor and the owner. ④ Adjust the plan in time. During the construction process, the quantity and progress of the contractor's mechanical equipment should be checked regularly, and the phased progress plan should be adjusted in time according to the contractor's construction ability and climate impact, especially the land acquisition and demolition involved in subgrade construction. The location of culvert passage is easily changed by local people's interference, which affects the construction plan. ⑤ Assist the owner and contractor to do the work that was not fully done in the early stage, especially the offline land acquisition and demolition, and the local people put forward matters that need to be solved, which will affect the construction progress.
3 investment control
Investment control involves the interests of owners and contractors. The supervision engineer adheres to the principle of fairness and impartiality, and does not favor any party, so as to accurately measure the completed qualified projects. Control the investment according to the contract and the progress of the project. (1) According to the terms of the contract, the supervision engineer will measure and pay the qualified itemized quantities according to the contract list and unit price. The measurement engineer shall, jointly with the supervision engineer and the contractor, verify the measurement quantity proposed by the contractor at the site to ensure timely and accurate measurement. ② Review the accuracy and completeness of measurement data. The survey engineer and the chief engineer shall review the survey data submitted by the contractor, including quantities, data sources and calculation results, and whether the data are complete, especially for the changes within the authority entrusted by the owner and beyond the supervision authority, whether there are joint survey data of the owner, the supervisor and the contractor, and whether the examination and approval procedures of the owner are complete. (3) Measure and accept the concealed works in time. Surveying engineers, together with professional engineers, on-site supervisors and contractors, will participate in the on-site acceptance and inspection of concealed works. On the basis of on-site acceptance, they will measure against design drawings and bill of quantities, so as to achieve timely acceptance and timely measurement. (4) Establish a measurement account. Carefully review the measurement data submitted by the contractor, and check the expected measurement quantity according to the previous measurement to avoid double counting, over-counting and omission.
4 contract management
(1) Earnestly implement the contract terms and procedures from beginning to end, manage the contract according to standards, carefully draw and fill in statistical charts such as project progress, project quality and project measurement payment, prepare monthly, quarterly and annual supervision reports, and distribute them to all construction contract sections at the same time, so that contractors can know fairly well. (2) Enthusiastic service, initiative to complete the project contract, the owner, supervisor and contractor should cooperate closely. Adhere to principles, take the initiative to attack, and be good at solving contradictions in construction, especially the contradiction between the supervisor and the contractor, so as to facilitate the completion of the tasks entrusted by the contract. (3) Fully grasp the dynamics of the supervised project, be familiar with drawings and construction specifications, take the initiative to supervise in advance, and serve the contractor enthusiastically. (4) Strictly implement the supervision procedures for engineering changes, and do not change them at will. If it is really necessary to change, it is best for the owner, supervisor and contractor to negotiate and confirm, and then go through the engineering change procedures according to the prescribed procedures.
5 information management
The information management of supervision work is mainly information transmission and information feedback. The timely transmission and feedback of information can speed up the project progress and improve the project quality, strengthen investment control and contract management, which is conducive to safe production and timely understanding and mastering the actual construction situation. To achieve the task of transferring documents to each other within the specified time, the specific methods are as follows: ① Designate a special person to be responsible for information management, classify and file information, such as contract information, contract agreement, technical specifications, drawings and other related documents, and dynamic information in the construction process, such as supervision, contractor information, quality inspection, test, original records, owner information, route environment information, etc. (2) Prepare various statements and accounts. Draw various charts and accounts according to the actual situation of the project, collect all kinds of data in time to summarize and fill in, and accurately reflect the quality, progress and measurement payment of the project. (3) Prepare supervision monthly report, quarterly report and annual report, provide quality, progress and existing problems of various projects in different periods in time, and provide reliable basis for planning. (4) Record information, including engineering photos, site meetings, on-site discussions and instructions from superiors. Take photos of concealed works (including changes), soft foundation treatment and dispute sites, and classify and file them. ⑤ Supervise and assist contractors to actively establish information management methods according to the requirements of specifications to ensure the timely and normal operation of information management.
6 coordination work
The coordination work is mainly based on supervision, communicating with the owners and contractors, and assisting the owners, contractors and designers to mediate the problems existing or appearing in the construction. In order to advance the project progress, ensure the project quality and control the investment. (1) During the construction, when there are problems or contradictions that are inconsistent with the terms of the contract, the supervisor should actively assist the owner, contractor or * * * designer to solve the existing problems through consultation, and put forward reasonable and feasible solutions in a fair and just position, and supervise the implementation after consultation. (2) As the interests of local people are affected in the construction process, an offline project needs to be added. The supervisor shall cooperate with the owner, contractor, local government and representatives of the masses to solve the problems of land requisition and demolition, environmental protection, access roads, culverts, entrance and exit connections of passages, water system connections, etc., so as to facilitate the masses, avoid affecting the construction and ensure the smooth progress of the construction as planned.
7 conclusion
Highway construction is a basic construction. From the perspective of Daxing Highway in China in recent years, the six concepts of quality control, schedule control, investment control, contract management, information management and coordination are gradually familiar to people and gradually realize their importance. Building a high-quality and high-standard highway requires not only a high-quality construction team, but also a high-level and responsible supervision team.
References:
Li Jian. Introduction to construction project supervision. Intellectual Property Press, 2007.
[2] Sorin. Construction quality control. China Building Industry Press, 2007.