Part I: Design Task Book
The design task book is the owner's requirement for project design and the main basis for project design. The feasibility study of the project can be replaced by the approved feasibility study report.
The design task book should generally include the following aspects: the name of the design project and the construction site. The document number of the approved design project, the document number of the agreement and its related contents. The land use of the design project, including the topography of the construction land, the demolition and preservation of the original buildings and structures, trees and cultural relics that need to be preserved, etc. Environmental conditions such as roads and buildings around the site should also be explained. Meteorological and geographical conditions of the project area and engineering geological conditions of the construction site. Energy supply such as water, electricity, gas and fuel, public facilities and traffic conditions. Land use, environmental protection, health, fire protection, civil air defense, earthquake resistance and other requirements and materials. Material supply and construction conditions. Engineering design scale and project composition. The use requirements or production process requirements of the project. Design standard and total investment of the project. Architectural modeling and indoor and outdoor decoration requirements of buildings.
The second part is the architectural design.
Architectural scheme design is a document compiled according to the design task book. It consists of four parts: design specification, design drawings, investment estimation and perspective. According to the needs of the project, some large or important buildings can be added as building models. The architectural scheme design must implement the national and local policies and decrees on engineering construction, and should conform to the current national construction standards, design specifications and drawing standards, as well as the relevant indicators, quotas and cost standards for determining investment. The content and depth of architectural scheme design should meet the requirements of relevant codes. Architectural scheme design should generally include: general layout, architecture, structure, water supply and drainage, electricity, heating, ventilation and air conditioning, power and investment estimation, etc. In addition to the general plan and architecture, other majors should draw drawings and briefly describe the design content with design instructions, but when it is difficult to express the design intention with design instructions only, they can express it with design sketches. The architectural scheme design can be directly entrusted by the owner to a qualified design unit, or the design can be elected. Scheme design activities can take two ways: public activities and invitation activities. Architectural design activities should be implemented in accordance with relevant management measures.
Part III: Preliminary design.
Preliminary design is a preliminary design document prepared according to the approved feasibility study report or design task book. The preliminary design document consists of four parts: design specifications (including general design specifications and design specifications of various disciplines), design drawings, list of main equipment and materials and project budget.
The sequence of preliminary design documents is: cover, title page, catalogue of preliminary design documents, design description, drawings, list of main equipment and materials, and project budget estimate.
In the preliminary design stage, all majors should conduct a comprehensive technical and economic analysis on the design scheme of their major contents or the solutions to major technical problems, demonstrate their technical applicability, reliability and economic rationality, and write the main contents into the preliminary design task book of their major. The overall design specification discusses the overall design of the project by the chief design officer. In order to prepare the preliminary design documents, necessary internal operations, relevant calculations, computer-aided design calculation data, scheme comparison data, internal operation sketches, supplementary data on which the budget estimate is based, etc. shall be carried out. It should be properly preserved.
The depth of the preliminary design document shall meet the approval requirements: determine the scope of land acquisition according to the approved design scheme, prepare the main equipment and materials accordingly, and provide the engineering design and budgetary estimate as the approval basis to determine the project investment, so as to design the construction drawing and prepare for the construction. The depth of the preliminary design documents can be implemented with reference to the Provisions on the Compilation Depth of Design Documents for Building Engineering.
Part IV: Construction drawing design.
Construction drawing design is a design document for building installation according to the approved preliminary design or design scheme. The content of construction drawing design is mainly drawings, which should include cover, drawing catalogue, design description (or homepage), drawings, project budget, etc. The compilation depth of construction drawing design documents shall be implemented according to the relevant part of the Provisions on the Compilation Depth of Construction Engineering Design Documents. Design documents should be complete, content and depth should comply with regulations, text descriptions and drawings should be accurate and clear, and the whole design document should be strictly checked and signed by designers at all levels before being put forward.
The depth of construction drawing design documents shall meet the following requirements: the construction drawing budget can be compiled accordingly. Can arrange the production of materials, equipment orders and non-standard equipment accordingly; Can be used for building installation; It can be used for project acceptance.
Construction drawing design Construction drawing design is a design document prepared for building installation according to the approved preliminary design or design scheme. The content of construction drawing design is mainly drawings, which should include: cover, drawing catalogue, design description (or homepage), drawings, project budget, etc. The compilation depth of construction drawing design documents shall be implemented according to the relevant part of the Provisions on the Compilation Depth of Construction Engineering Design Documents. Design documents should be complete, content and depth should comply with regulations, text descriptions and drawings should be accurate and clear, and the whole design document should be strictly checked and signed by designers at all levels before being put forward.
The depth of construction drawing design documents shall meet the following requirements: the construction drawing budget can be compiled accordingly. Can arrange the production of materials, equipment orders and non-standard equipment accordingly; Can be used for building installation; It can be used for project acceptance.
Design cycle The time required to complete the design documents according to the basic requirements specified in the relevant design depth and design quality standards is called design cycle. The design cycle is a part of the total construction cycle of the project. According to the relevant laws and regulations on construction engineering design, capital construction procedures and relevant regulations, and the provisions on the depth of construction engineering design documents, this design cycle quota is formulated. The design cycle quota takes into account the strength that each design task generally needs to invest. For important projects with complex technology and lack of design experience, the technical design stage can be added after the preliminary design is approved by the competent department. The design period of the technical design stage is specifically agreed according to the engineering characteristics. The design cycle quota is generally divided into three stages: scheme design, preliminary design and construction drawing design, and the cycle of each stage can be adjusted within the control range of the total design cycle.
Part V: Knowledge literacy of urban design.
In the mid-1940s, Sha Lining clearly put forward the concept of urban design, which was widely accepted in 1960s. For example, new york vigorously promoted urban design in 1964 as a new policy to improve the urban environment. In recent 10 years, all countries have emphasized that urban design should improve the characteristic image of the city, improve the urban environment and promote the coordinated development of people, city and environment. There are two definitions of urban design: one is urban design and the other is environmental design. Another view is that urban design is a kind of spatial layout, spatial design or spatial relationship design of various material elements. In addition, the understanding of urban design can be expressed as: urban design is also a means of social intervention and administrative management. Urban design is modeling design, but it is not the modeling of a single building, but the arrangement of various elements of the city in order. The so-called urban design is to establish order and make it conform to people's lives in modern society. The goal of urban design is to create a comfortable, convenient, sanitary and beautiful material space environment for people, that is, through the comprehensive design of various material elements in a certain geographical space, the city can achieve the mutual cooperation and coordination of various facilities and functions, as well as the unification and perfection of spatial form and the optimization of comprehensive benefits.
The basic principle of urban design: follow the guiding spirit of overall planning. Urban design is an integral part of urban planning and should be carried out under the guiding spirit of overall planning, including the constraints of urban nature, urban scale, urban development direction and urban economic capacity. Meet the requirements of people's production and life activities. Human needs include physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, psychological needs and self-improvement needs. Urban design should fully consider the diversity and complexity of human activities, and take meeting the requirements of these activities as the starting point and the final test standard. Maintain environmental characteristics. Each region has its own characteristics in natural environment, historical tradition and regional climate. Urban design should highlight characteristics to enhance recognition and excitement, and promote regional development with characteristics.
Part VI: Design principles of residential areas.
The planning and layout of residential areas should comprehensively consider the internal relations of road network structure, public construction and residential layout, group combination, green space system and spatial environment to form a perfect and relatively independent organic whole, and should follow the following principles: it is convenient for residents' life and conducive to organization and management; Organize public activity centers suitable for the size of the permanent population to facilitate operation, use and socialized services; Reasonable organization of people and traffic is conducive to security and defense; Reasonable layout, rich space, beautiful environment, reflecting local characteristics. The space environment design of residential areas should follow the following principles: reasonably arrange public service facilities to avoid the pollution and interference of smoke, gas, smell, dust and noise to residents; Architecture should embody local style and highlight individuality, and group architecture and spatial level should seek change in coordination; Carefully set up architectural sketches to enrich and beautify the environment; Pay attention to the integrity of landscape and space, and small buildings such as municipal public places and parking garages should be combined with residential or public buildings; Power supply, telecommunications, street lamps and other pipelines should be buried underground; The environmental design of public activity space should deal with the relationship between buildings, roads, squares, courtyards, green spaces, architectural sketches and human activities.
Part VII: Architectural design terminology.
Building base can also be called building land. Refers to the construction land approved by the relevant land management departments. The building basement should give the dimensions or coordinates of the surrounding area. The base should be connected with the road red line, otherwise, a passage should be set to connect with the road red line. When the base is connected with the road red line, the road red line is generally used as the building control line. If urban planning requires, the competent department may set up a building control line outside the road red line. The ground of the construction base should be higher than the pavement of urban roads, otherwise there should be measures to eliminate surface water. If the base is likely to be invaded by landslides, floods or tides, safety protection measures should be taken. For bases with large traffic (including taxi stations and parking lots, etc.). ), the location of its access to urban roads should comply with relevant regulations. The bottom of densely populated buildings (cinemas, theaters, auditoriums, Expo buildings, business centers, etc.). The safety of evacuation should be considered, and the normal traffic of the city should not be affected, and it should comply with the provisions of local planning departments and relevant special building design codes.
Residential floor area ratio refers to the residential building area per hectare of residential land, or expressed by the ratio of total residential building area to residential land. Building floor area ratio is an important index in building planning and design. It can control the scale and height of buildings in the building base, so as to set aside a certain amount of open space for greening the traffic square, and also control the number of floors of buildings to meet the requirements of urban planning. For the base that needs to be built, the local urban planning department should put forward the building volume ratio index.
Building red line Building red line consists of road red line and building control line. The road red line is the planning control line of urban roads (including residential roads); Building control line is the control line of building basement position. On the side of the base adjacent to the road, the red line of the road is generally used as the building control line. For example, due to the needs of urban planning, the competent department can set up a building control line outside the road route, which is generally called the red line construction of the back road. No building shall exceed a given property line. The General Principles for the Design of Civil Buildings stipulates that underground pipelines such as steps, platforms, window wells, underground buildings and building foundations outside the city in the base are not allowed to protrude the road red line. Building protrusions that are allowed to protrude from the road red line: above the pavement floor: (1) The window sash and window cover are allowed to protrude more than 2 meters, and the protruding width is not more than 0.4 meters; (2) If it is more than 2.50m, it is allowed to highlight the movable sunshade, and the prominent width should not be greater than the sidewalk width minus 1 m, and should not be greater than 3m; (3) Balcony, bay window, awning and cornice with a width of not more than1m are allowed to protrude more than 3.50m; (4) awnings and overhangs that are allowed to protrude more than 5m are allowed, and the protruding width should not be greater than the sidewalk width minus 1m and not greater than 3m. 2. On the road without sidewalks: (1) The window sash and window cover are allowed to protrude more than 2.50m, and the protruding width should not be greater than 0.4m(2 (2) The awning and cornice are allowed to protrude more than 5m, and the protruding width should not be greater than1m..
Topographic map is a graph drawn by measuring topography and ground objects on the ground according to a certain projection method, scale and special symbols, and it is an important data basis for planning and general layout design. The scale on the topographic map is the ratio of the length on the ground to the corresponding length on the map. For example, the scale of topographic map is 1: 1000, that is, the length of 1000 meters on the ground is reflected on the map as 1 meter. According to the needs of different purposes, the scale of topographic map can be different. The scale of geographic topographic map is 1: 25000 or1:50000; The scale of topographic map of regional location is 1: 5000 or 1: 10000, and the contour spacing is 1 ~ 5m. The topographic group scale of the plant site is 1: 500, 1: 1000 or 1: 2000, and the contour spacing is 0.25 ~ 1 m. Topographic maps of off-site projects, off-site railways, roads, water supply and drainage pipelines, heating pipelines, transmission lines and finished raw materials. The direction on the topographic map is indicated by the arrow pointing north, and the word "North" or "N" is marked at the arrow pointing north. Generally speaking, the upper part of the topographic map is north and the lower part is south, which is called upper north and lower south.
According to the wind meteorological data observed by a meteorological station in a certain area, the wind rose map is called the wind rose map. It can be divided into wind direction rose chart and wind speed rose chart, and wind direction rose chart is generally used. The wind direction rose chart shows the wind direction and the frequency of the wind direction. The frequency of wind direction is the percentage of the frequency of various wind directions in a certain period of time to all observation times. According to the frequency of the wind in all directions, blow it according to the center of the wind direction with a corresponding proportional length, draw it on the diagram represented by eight directions or 16 directions, and then connect the endpoints of all adjacent directions with straight lines to draw a closed broken line in the form of a rose, which is the wind rose diagram. The longest line segment in the picture is the local dominant wind direction. The location and orientation of buildings are closely related to the local dominant wind direction. For example, clean buildings are arranged in the upwind direction of the dominant wind direction; Arrange the polluted buildings in the downwind direction of the dominant wind direction to avoid being affected by the harmful substances discharged by the polluted buildings. The wind rose map is an overview of the wind in a region, especially in the plain, but it has a direct impact on the wind climate because of the different topography and landforms. Because topography and ground conditions often cause changes in local airflow, wind direction and wind speed, we should pay full attention to local microclimate changes when designing the general layout of buildings, make good use of topography and landforms in the design, and comprehensively consider the layout of buildings.
Part VIII: Architectural layout.
According to the nature, scale, composition and use requirements of the construction project, combined with local natural conditions and environmental relations, according to local conditions, according to relevant national policies, relevant norms and regulations, the general layout of the building organizes traffic routes, arranges greening, makes it meet the use function or production process requirements, and is technically and economically reasonable, conducive to production development and convenient for workers' lives. The general plan shall have necessary explanations and design drawings. The contents of the description should mainly explain the basis, principles, functional zoning, traffic organization, street view space organization, environmental beautification design, architectural sketch, greening arrangement, etc.
The general layout should include the following aspects: (1) the coordinate network and coordinate values of topographic and feature survey; Site construction coordinate network and coordinate values; Survey coordinates and construction coordinates around the site. Location of buildings (structures) (civil air defense works, underground garages, oil depots, water storage tanks and other concealed works are indicated by dotted lines), in which the coordinates (or related dimensions), names (or numbers), floors and interior design elevation of the main buildings (structures). The scope and boundaries of the demolition of old buildings, the names and floors of adjacent buildings. Main coordinates (or related dimensions) of roads, railways and drainage ditches. Greening and beautifying the layout of facilities. Wind rose map, compass. Main technical and economic indicators and bill of quantities. Description column: size unit, scale, surveying and mapping unit, date, name of height system, relationship between site construction coordinate network and survey coordinate network, supplementary legend and other necessary explanations, etc.
For more information about project/service/procurement bidding, and to improve the winning rate, please click on the bottom of official website Customer Service for free consultation:/#/? source=bdzd