The role of 1 in strengthening the quality management of building construction
Construction quality management refers to the operation techniques and activities that meet the requirements of engineering quality, which are mainly manifested in a series of measures, means and methods to ensure the quality standards stipulated in the engineering contract. With the sustained and rapid development of China's economy and the increasing construction investment, China's construction projects are developing in the direction of large-scale, large-scale and modernization. Although these have brought great opportunities to the construction industry, the competition in the construction market will become more and more fierce, and the key to the competition of construction enterprises is the quality of the project. The complexity of many construction projects has doubled than in the past, and the construction quality needs stricter monitoring and management to ensure the engineering quality.
The quality of building construction is related to national development, people's life and property safety and social stability. In the process of building construction, strengthening quality management and ensuring the safety of the country and people's lives and property are the top priority of construction management. On the morning of July 28th, Premier Wen Jiabao of the State Council visited the "7? Relatives of some victims in the "23" Ningbo-Wenzhou railway traffic accident suggested that people's life safety should be put first in both development and construction. Therefore, as participants in construction projects, construction enterprises and managers must strengthen their awareness of quality responsibility in the spirit of being highly responsible for the country, the people and future generations, implement quality responsibility from all aspects of the construction process, and ensure the quality of construction projects. Secondly, the construction quality is the guarantee for the survival and development of construction enterprises. If the construction quality is not guaranteed, it is impossible to win the market and lose the market competitiveness, and the enterprise will eventually be eliminated by the market. Third, the quality of building construction is the basis for improving the comprehensive benefits of enterprises. Relying on quality to build credibility, relying on market to increase efficiency and relying on efficiency to seek development is the lifeline of enterprise survival and development. For construction enterprises, it is the guarantee for the development of our construction enterprises to regard quality as the life of the enterprise and quality management as the top priority of enterprise management.
2 factors affecting the quality of building construction and existing problems
2. 1 Analysis of influencing factors of construction quality management
2. 1. 1 human factors
Human factors: People refer to the decision makers, organizers and operators who directly participate in the project construction. Their quality, theoretical and technical level, sense of responsibility and initiative will affect the quality level of the project. Operators should have excellent technical level and meticulous work style, strictly implement quality standards and operating procedures to ensure the quality of the project.
2. 1.2 material factors
Material factors: materials, including raw materials, finished products, semi-finished products and components, are the material conditions of engineering construction, and material quality is the basis of engineering quality. If the material quality does not meet the requirements, the engineering quality will not meet the standards. Therefore, strengthening the quality control of materials is an important guarantee to improve the engineering quality, and strengthening the quality inspection, acceptance and test; Use certified materials to ensure the quality of materials.
2. 1.3 method factors
Methodological factors: Methods include design scheme, technical scheme, technological process, organizational measures, detection means and construction organization design. Whether the construction scheme is correct or not directly affects the quality of the project. Failure to follow the standards and specifications, pay attention to the quality management of the construction process, and formulate practical measures will often delay the progress, affect the quality and increase the investment due to the thoughtless construction plan.
2. 1.4 mechanical equipment factors
Mechanical equipment factors: machinery is an important material basis for project mechanization, which has an impact on the quality and progress of the project. In the construction stage, the project manager should comprehensively consider the construction site, building structure, mechanical equipment performance, construction technology and methods, construction organization and management and other factors, and formulate a mechanized construction plan, so that it can be reasonably equipped, used together and organically connected, and give full play to the efficiency of construction machinery, thus improving the construction quality.
2. 1.5 environmental factors
Environmental factors: The environment includes engineering technology environment, engineering management environment and working environment. There are many environmental factors that affect the engineering quality, including engineering geology, hydrology, meteorology, noise, ventilation, vibration, lighting, pollution and so on. Moreover, it is complicated and changeable. For example, meteorological conditions are changeable, and temperature, humidity, strong wind, rainstorm, intense heat and severe cold directly affect the quality of the project. Therefore, environmental factors affecting the quality should be considered according to the characteristics and specific conditions of the project.
2.2 Problems in quality management of construction projects in China
2.2. 1 Weak awareness of construction quality.
The quality of building construction is the lifeline of enterprise development, and it is also the most important issue in the process of building construction, which everyone engaged in building construction should know; Construction quality management involves the interests of construction units, construction units, supervision units and relevant government departments, so in the construction process, all parties only pay attention to their own interests and ignore product quality; Affected by many factors, all participants have weak quality awareness. Many construction enterprises do not know the quality responsibility in place, violate the operating rules, do not follow the drawings, do not follow the sequence of construction, improper technical measures, and even cut corners, resulting in poor engineering quality and frequent quality accidents.
2.2.2 The market access control is lax.
Market access system is not only conducive to the orderly management of the construction market, but also conducive to controlling the overall quality of all parties involved in the construction, which is an important link to ensure the quality of the project. Some localities and departments ignore the management of market access system, and many construction enterprises have the abnormal phenomenon of being qualified but incapable or having high qualification and low ability, or have unlicensed construction, selling certificates, contracting beyond the prescribed scope, or evading market management and private transactions, which will inevitably pose a serious threat to the construction quality.
2.2.3 Problems of equipment and materials
Building materials are an important part of building engineering construction, the foundation of building engineering and an important link of building engineering management. Some building materials do not meet the standards, such as the mechanical properties of steel bars, cement being affected with damp, overdue, caking, poor stability, unreasonable gradation of sand and gravel, and the performance and dosage of additives not meeting the requirements, which will affect the engineering quality. Mechanical equipment is an important factor in the quality of construction projects. Some construction enterprises are old and backward, lack of maintenance and neglect of equipment upgrading, which often leads to aging and damage due to long-term use and lack of maintenance. In this way, it not only reduces the utilization rate of mechanical equipment, but also leads to serious security risks in construction, which seriously restricts the quality of construction projects.
2.2.4 The quality of employees is not high.
At present, the quality of employees in some construction enterprises in China is not high, which can not meet the needs of the development of construction industry. Some front-line construction workers, except technical management personnel, are mostly migrant workers. They have poor quality awareness, lack of proper knowledge, low operating skills and insufficient vocational skills training, and many of them are experienced construction. Some enterprises have few managers and lack comprehensive quality, and even some project managers and site managers lack understanding of laws, regulations, standards and norms on building quality. Due to the low threshold of construction enterprises, under the premise of intensified competition, many private enterprise bosses have reduced employee training in order to save money, resulting in low quality of employees.
2.2.5 The management system is not perfect.
The current quality management system of construction projects in China is formed by the gradual reform and improvement of the old management system, and there is still a situation of separating government from enterprises. The resulting partially closed management and internal supervision system makes it difficult to implement strict and fair quality supervision, which is not conducive to the establishment of an effective control mechanism. Some government departments fail to enforce the law effectively, which leads to local protectionism and departmental protectionism in the industry not being effectively curbed, which greatly affects the quality of the project. The supervision of the masses and society has not yet formed, and the supervision of building construction quality has not received enough attention.
3 Measures to improve the quality management of building construction
3. 1 Improve the awareness of construction quality management
Firmly establishing quality consciousness is the premise and foundation of continuously improving engineering quality. Construction enterprises should always adhere to the policy of "revitalizing quality, putting people first, improving quality and putting education first" and put quality education in a prominent position. Strengthen quality education and enhance employees' quality awareness; Strengthen its professional ethics education, political and ideological education, strengthen the quality management awareness of construction personnel through regular training and publicity, and improve the practical operation level of construction personnel; For technical personnel and management personnel, through training, make them have scientific knowledge of quality supervision, and at the same time have the ability to analyze engineering quality with facts and data; Instilling quality is benefit, quality is time and quality is money. Avoid human error, improve people's quality, establish the concept of "quality first", and ensure the engineering quality with people's work quality. At the same time, instill the idea of paying equal attention to both social and economic benefits of enterprises, so that they can realize that higher product quality will not only bring economic benefits to enterprises, but also win social benefits such as credibility for enterprises and promote the benign development of enterprises.
3.2 the establishment of building construction quality target responsibility system
Establish and improve the project quality leadership responsibility system, ensure that the project manager, technical director and construction management director of the project have leadership responsibility and lifelong responsibility for the project quality undertaken, and manage the enterprise according to law. According to the principle of "who is in charge, who is responsible", the project quality responsibility is implemented layer by layer from the aspects of personnel, materials, equipment, working procedures, technology and technical measures, so as to achieve first-class implementation. We must implement the principle of combining responsibility, right and benefit, and the quality contract must have clear objects and objectives. All personnel involved in the project construction, no matter which post, should undertake the quality assurance task, especially the project manager, who must undertake the quality assurance responsibility; The quality target responsibility system should solicit the opinions of the executors, and then the quality management personnel and the target responsible person should sign the responsibility form.
3.3 Strengthen the supervision and management of construction quality
The establishment of quality supervision and management system means that enterprises organize all quality management functions of enterprises with systematic ideas and methods to ensure the quality of engineering products, and form an organic whole with coordinated responsibilities and rights. To strengthen the supervision and management of project quality, we must further change the government's function of project management, and implement the separation of government from enterprise and politics. The government should change from micro direct management to macro indirect management. To make full use of the market to allocate resources to manage the project, the project legal person should formulate corresponding system measures according to the relevant laws, regulations and rules of the state and the work requirements of all aspects of the project construction, so as to provide a strong institutional guarantee for the standardized and efficient management of the project construction. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision and management of the construction site, standardize the quality behavior of all quality subjects, equip the construction site of each project with fixed quality supervision personnel, carry out responsibilities, conduct strict assessment, and strictly grasp the quality supervision work from beginning to end. At the same time, joint quality inspection is often carried out, focusing on whether the supervision work is in place, whether the quality of the engineering entity meets the national quality acceptance standards, and whether the quality assurance system of the construction unit is sound, which makes the construction and supervision parties dare not relax their quality work.
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