First of all, from the perspective of "knowledge", that is, the process of cognition, the speaker should have the following psychological qualities.
1, imaginative. In the preparation stage of writing a speech and a trial lecture, if the speaker can imagine the scene (such as the reaction of the audience, the atmosphere on the field, etc.). In the process of thinking and remembering activities, and making adjustments accordingly (such as designing different opening remarks), it will not only help to improve the quality of the speech, but also make the speech closer to the atmosphere of the scene. Many successful speakers are good at boldly imagining the actual situation in the preparation stage of their speeches. In fact, the "quick wits" of some speakers in the course of their speeches are not the result of imagining a certain situation in advance.
2. Good memory quality. As we all know, a speaker must know what he is talking about. Familiarity with the speech is the basic condition to enhance the effect of the speech, but remembering what to say is not the same as reciting the speech. If a speech is regarded as reciting a speech, it is equivalent to turning a blind eye to the audience's reaction, and a common evil result is to rely too much on the speech. When the speaker suddenly forgets the content, his brain will go blank. Former British Prime Minister Churchill got into trouble when he was young because he recited a speech in front of the British Parliament. The skill of memorizing the content of a speech is to sort out a clue from beginning to end according to logical thinking, such as the beginning, the main meaning to be expressed and the end, without memorizing some details. Only by remembering the main points and leaving room for the actual speech can the speaker be forced to talk and think, and only in this way can it be like "talking" rather than "reciting". In addition, the speaker is required to have the following good memory qualities: accurate-not arrogant; Persistence-not forgetting at once; Preparation-be able to extract all kinds of useful information in time when needed.
3. Good thinking quality. Thinking ability is the most important cognitive ability of human beings and the core of human intelligence. "Keep your word", the content of the speech is the result of the speaker's thinking. Whether a speaker can convince others by reasoning depends on the quality of his thinking. As a speaker, good thinking qualities mainly include: clear thinking and strict logic, so that people will not feel inconsistent after listening; Have certain independence and flexibility, especially when speaking on the same topic. The unique thinking angle will give you a refreshing feeling and attract the attention of the audience. The flexibility of thinking is closely related to independence, which is manifested in being good at demonstrating from different angles, mastering examples that can illustrate arguments, and demonstrating methods that are eclectic; At the same time, good thinking quality also shows that thinking activities are quick and correct, and they can deal with all kinds of accidents in the process of speech tactfully. When Chen Rong, a woman writer, gave a speech at an American university, the audience asked her a provocative question: "I heard that you are not China party member. What is your personal feeling about the China * * * production party? " Chen Rong shrewdly replied: "Your information is very accurate, and I am really not made in party member and China." . But my husband is an old party member, and I have lived together for decades without any signs of divorce, which shows how deep my feelings for the China * * * production party are. "This sentence shocked everyone and reflected Chen Rong's good thinking quality and generosity. (interpersonal psychology)
4. keen observation. A successful speech is inseparable from the insight into the audience's psychology, which is a test of the speaker's observation. When writing a speech, the first thing a speaker should do is to understand the psychological characteristics of the audience he is going to face and what common needs and interests they have, which depends on his usual observation and accumulation. Comrade Xiao Qu once gave a speech to criminals in Shenyang Dabei Prison before his death, the content of which was to make criminals plead guilty and accept reform. At the beginning of the speech, Xiao Qu thought that criminals hated the term "criminal" most. After some painstaking thinking, he used such a title: "Young friends who violated national laws." You can imagine how kind this title is to criminals, "Learn from their teachers and believe in their ways", and the following speech naturally achieved good educational results. In addition, when giving a live speech, the speaker should carefully observe the reaction of the audience. The view that a speech is understood as a monologue by the speaker is completely wrong. Speech, like class, is a process of interaction between the two sides. An experienced speaker can not only realize that he is the protagonist, but also realize that he should always pay attention to the audience's reaction during the speech. The response of the audience is the basis for the speaker to adjust the content and strategy of the speech, and it is also the most important index to evaluate the success or failure of the speech.
Secondly, from the perspective of "emotion", that is, the process of emotion, the speaker should have the following qualities.
1, noble sentiment. Although noble sentiments can not be observed in one speech, noble sentiments, as a manifestation of personal charm, will be projected in speech activities. The audience can appreciate the ideological realm of the speaker from the content of the speech and the mental outlook of the speaker. The noble sentiment of the speaker can not only ensure the ideological content of the speech, but also make the audience admire the speaker, thus producing emotional "generalization" and becoming easy to accept the content of the speech. The noble sentiment of the speaker should be reflected in the word "love": love life, love life, love people around you, and love yourself at the same time, and always look at everything with a positive and acceptable eye. "Without love, there is no education", and the purpose of speech is to persuade and influence others, so it can be said that "without love, there is no speech". Only by treating the audience as friends and bosom friends can the speaker and the audience share joys and sorrows. In addition, noble and healthy emotions also require the speaker to have a sense of humor, that is, to be good at expressing emotions in humorous language. Lenin once pointed out that humor is a beautiful and healthy quality. Using humor in a speech can not only increase vividness, but also play a role in relaxing the atmosphere. For example, John Rock, a famous American black lawyer, once designed such an opening speech in his speech on the emancipation of black slaves: "Ladies and gentlemen, I am here to add a little color to this occasion, not to make a speech." This is the highest level of humor, which is both funny and profound.
2. Passionate about the content of the speech. Albert Hu Ba Drew, a famous speaker, said, "It is the attitude of the speech rather than the content that wins the trust of the audience in the speech." The passion shown by the speaker plays a key role in the success of the speech, especially in the speech method of "storm speech", which shocks the audience with passion. First of all, because the speaker's enthusiasm for the speech will have a huge dynamic effect on his own behavior, he can make the speaker fully involved in the speech; On the other hand, the speaker became the focus of the audience as soon as he took the stage. At this moment, the audience's emotions are shaking. Because emotion has an infectious function, the speaker's emotional input is the key link to drive the audience atmosphere. Mr. Wen Yiduo's "The Last Speech" is attractive precisely because he put his burning emotion and fiery passion into the speech. When Martin Luther King's famous speech "I Have a Dream" is mentioned, people first think of the speaker's passionate and passionate face.
3. Be good at using various means of expression. The speaker should let the audience know his thoughts and have an emotional voice. Besides using language, he should also be good at using various means of expression. There are three kinds of human expressions: facial expressions, body expressions and verbal expressions. These three expressions play a very important role in interpersonal communication. As far as facial expressions are concerned, they should be natural and changeable. Smiles and smiles can be consistent with the content and shooting of the speech. Special attention should be paid to the role of eyes to speak with them. From the point of view of body expression, we should be able to use various gestures to match the content of the speech. First of all, we should understand the functions of various gestures. Generally speaking, natural and steady gestures help the speaker to explain the problem calmly, sharp and powerful gestures help the speaker to sublimate his feelings, and safe and implicit gestures help the speaker to express his mind. Speech expression mainly refers to the tone and speed of speech. Voice is the medium between the speaker and the audience. The speaker should be good at combining the content of the speech with the response of the audience, let the emotions determine the ups and downs of the voice, achieve the purpose of "supporting the voice with emotion" and attract the attention of the audience tightly.
Finally, from the process of "meaning" that is, will, a successful speech requires the speaker to have good will quality.
This is because speech, as a relatively high-intensity activity, is essentially a will action. Good will qualities include: consciousness, self-control, decisiveness and persistence. It can be said that these four qualities are all necessary to complete a successful speech. The speaker has a deep understanding of the purpose of the speech, which is a manifestation of consciousness; In order to achieve the goal, we should actively overcome various internal and external difficulties, such as resisting the interference of irrelevant stimuli, adjusting our emotions to meet the needs of speech, and handling emergencies in the process of speech tactfully. This is the concentrated expression of self-control, determination and persistence. The speaker should have a high emotional intelligence-he can grasp the emotional state of the audience and himself in time and properly, and can effectively control it, so that the speech can proceed smoothly in the direction he expects. A person with high emotional intelligence is actually a strong-willed person.
The above explains the necessary psychological quality structure of the speaker from three aspects: knowledge, emotion and meaning. In real life, these three psychological processes are mutually integrated and infiltrated. When the speaker strengthens one aspect of his psychological quality, he will also promote other psychological qualities invisibly. If you want to make a passionate speech, you need some imagination and will. Good psychological quality is the basis of successful speech, and the improvement of psychological quality mainly depends on acquired training. No one is born an orator. From Demosthenes in ancient Greece to Churchill mentioned above, there are also some famous speakers. Their experiences tell us that it is not difficult to make a successful speech as long as we make unremitting efforts and train in a planned way. Speech is a great display of a person's knowledge, talent and psychological quality, and knowledge is accumulated the day after tomorrow, and psychological quality can only be improved through practice. Therefore, to be a successful speaker, you need to have the character of "self-confidence": believe in yourself, and you will do better as long as you have the heart and practice the law!