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Ostriches are distributed in northern, central and southern Africa. Habitat in open savanna and desert areas. Like group chat, drought-resistant, can not drink water for several months, strong heat resistance. Be active in the early morning or evening. Sexual vigilance, the usual speed is 80km/ h, the fastest140 km/h.
Ostrich, also known as African ostrich, is the largest living bird in the world, with a life span of about 20 to 30 years and sexual maturity at the age of 2. May to 65438+10 is the spawning season for American ostriches. During the breeding period, the weight can reach 135 kg and the height can reach 2.5 meters. Ostrich is an animal with only two toes in the world today. Its wings have degenerated and it can't fly, but it runs very fast, 8 meters at a step and 70 kilometers per hour. Its stout feet can deal with all kinds of enemies and even kill lions and leopards. Ostriches live in the vast deserts and grasslands of Africa. It is strong and healthy, and can carry items weighing 150 kg. Because ostriches are docile, local Africans domesticate them to plow, carry things and deliver letters. Even ostriches can eat grass and be ridden. Other birds similar to ostriches are llamas, cranes and emus.
Ostrich is the largest bird on the earth, which is produced in Africa. Their height can reach 3 meters and their weight can reach 150 kg. Because their bodies are too heavy to fly, their wings have degenerated into decorations, but their legs have evolved well. In the desert, they can span 3-4 meters in one step, touch the ground with their toes when running, and their posture is elegant and beautiful, and the speed can reach more than 60 kilometers per hour!
Ostriches feed on all kinds of leaves, weeds and small insects. You can feed them with branches. When eating, they look particularly cute and gentle.
Ostriches breed in May and June every year, and male ostriches will wear black clothes to defend their territory at all times. Competition is fierce, and many male ostriches are eliminated. They were disqualified from getting married and having children that year. Female birds lay eggs in the same place, each bird lays 2-4 eggs, and the number of eggs in a nest can be as high as 40- 100. Then the male bird chooses a responsible female bird to undertake the heavy responsibility of incubating eggs. They take turns incubating eggs to protect young birds. But only half of the eggs can hatch, and only about one-sixth of the ostrich chicks can survive.
Sometimes, ostriches bury their heads in the sand, but their bodies stay outside. Some people think that this is a foolish performance of its fear of the enemy. Actually, it's just that ostriches use sand to "clean up" parasites. Although the ostrich is docile, it is no fun to be kicked by it! So never stand in front of it face to face!
In addition, ostriches have strong adaptability, strong disease resistance, high temperature resistance of 45℃ and cold resistance of -40℃. It feeds on grass and other plants. Using pasture is the best economic animal.
I. Breeding sites
(a) Choice of venue:
The site should meet the requirements of epidemic prevention, and it is best to stay away from other livestock farms, with convenient transportation and sufficient water and electricity. The most suitable place is sandy grassland, with flat terrain and no water accumulation.
(2) Column:
The feeding field is divided into columns, each with an area of about 3 ~ 5 mu. For ostrich breeding, 1 ~ 2 combinations can be put in each column (each combination is 1 male and female). Fence materials can be made of barbed wire, but be careful not to have thorns to prevent the ostrich from being hurt. It is best to wrap the upper end of the net with a plastic pipe.
(3) build a shade shed:
Each column should be set up with a shade shed of about 20 square meters, and raised under the shed to prevent rain. Feed trays and water trays can be made of soft aluminum trays or cut from washed old car tires for use. In order to prevent the bird's feet from being injured, it is not advisable to build a water mud tank. 50 cm high sand can be padded under the shed to facilitate birds to lay eggs.
(4) Feeding of young birds:
The first week of chicks is the most critical and needs to be observed. In the first 2 ~ 3 days, chicks consume their yolk sacs and don't need food. After 3 days, the chicks often eat and drink water, and the chicks should be checked frequently in the first three days after eating. If diarrhea is found, it should be treated immediately.
It is important for young birds to eat, so be careful and patient. At first, we must lure them to eat, and constantly torture the feeding plate, fiddle with the feed with your fingers and lure them to eat. Do it again the next day, until 4 ~ 6 days, and let it eat naturally.
Chickens can be fed with chicken granules, preferably bright colors (red, yellow and green) three times a day, with appropriate vitamins, or chopped cooked eggs and carrots. Vitamins should also be added to drinking water, and it should be colored, so that young birds will take the initiative to drink water.
The first month is a critical period for ostriches, and leg diseases may occur. Once they get through this period, they will grow up well. During this period, we must pay attention to disease prevention, and as soon as we find the disease, we must immediately prevent it or take preventive shots. In addition, January makes birds love to eat foreign objects, don't let them eat too much, and pay attention to the cleanliness of the enclosure. Young birds can tolerate cold weather, but in the first winter, it is best to provide infrared lights to keep warm.
(5) Feeding of medium and adult birds:
After January, ostriches are relatively easy to raise and don't need any special methods. Mainly pay attention to whether their eating is normal and whether their defecation is normal. If it is normal, there is no need to care. If it is abnormal, it depends on what disease it is. Treat due to illness.
Ostrich feed
Ostriches mainly eat grass and chicken feed. If proper amount of vitamins and minerals can be fed at different stages of its growth and development, it will promote its growth and development, increase its yield and obtain the greatest economic benefits.
(1) Nutritional components of ostrich diet:
1~ February (the weight can reach 10 kg): this is the early stage of growth, and it should be mainly concentrated feed supplemented by a small amount of roughage.
February-April (weight can reach 35 kg): At this stage, roughage is gradually increased, and the metabolic energy per kg of diet is 2868 kcal, which is 20% of protein and 0/.05% of lysine/kloc.
April-June (weight up to 58kg): The diet is from infancy to growth period, with metabolic energy of 2629kcal/kg, protein content 15.5% and lysine content of 0.78%.
June season ~1October season (weight can reach 80kg): this stage is the fattening period diet, with metabolic energy of 2 125 kcal/kg, protein content of 12 ~ 14% and lysine content of 0.6%.
1October ~1April (the weight can reach110 kg): this stage is the post-fattening diet, which can be combined with high-level pellet feed, with metabolic energy 1792 kcal/kg, protein and egg quality1kg.
65438+more than 4 months (weight 1 10 kg): the diet can be maintained, the metabolic energy of the diet is 1553 kcal /kg, protein is about 10%, and the lysine content is 0.3%.
Non-breeder birds can also be fed with maintenance diet to prevent obesity, while laying birds can be fed with proper amount of bone meal, vitamins and minerals in maintenance diet.
(2) concentrated feed formula:
(1) Chicken: Bai Weiling powder 48%.
Grass powder 27.5%
Soybean flour 20%
Vitamins and minerals 4.5%
(2) medium-sized and adult birds:
Bai Weiling powder 40%
Soybean flour 30%
Grass powder 25%
Calcium phosphate 2.5%
Feed lime 1.9%
Vitamins and minerals 0.4%
Salt 0.3%
Methionine 0. 1%
(3) Egg birds: 50% glutinous rice flour.
Grass powder 35%
Bone meal 7%
Feed lime 6%
Calcium phosphate 1.3%
Eat salt 0.3%
Vitamins and minerals 0.4%
(3) Daily feeding amount:
(1) bird: 0. 1 ~ 0.3kg concentrate, with a small amount of chopped fresh carrots.
(2) Chinese bird: about 0.5 ~ 1 kg concentrate plus 1 ~ 2 kg vegetable or grass.
Common diseases of ostrich and their prevention and treatment
Aspergillus disease:
Symptoms: The sick birds are mainly characterized by dyspnea, asthma, mucus in the mouth, elevated body temperature, hair disorder, laziness in moving away from the group, and often accompanied by diarrhea and other symptoms.
Control: 1, do not feed moldy feed or use moldy padding. 2. Use 1:3000 copper sulfate solution as drinking water for 3 ~ 5 days. 3. Antibiotics for intramuscular injection.
(2) white dysentery:
Symptoms: sick birds have no appetite, and their stools are white and mushy, often stinking. Its spirit is listless, its wings droop and it dozes off.
Control: 1. Isolate the sick birds immediately, disinfect the pens immediately and treat them immediately. 2. Oral doxycycline: about 0.05g/kg body weight, drug 1g, water 1kg, once a day, for 3-5 days. 3. Take oxytetracycline tablets orally, 3 ~ 10 tablets each time, 3 times a day for 3 days. 4, intramuscular injection of 605 injection, 0. 1 ml per kilogram of body weight, daily 1 time. 5, intramuscular injection of gentamicin sulfate, each dose of 200 ~ 400 thousand units, 65438 0 times a day, for 3 ~ 5 days.
(3) Foot and leg diseases:
Symptoms: Sick birds like to lie idle and walk abnormally. In severe cases, their legs may deform, bend and limp.
Prevention and control: 1, the chick fence should be padded with coarse cloth to prevent falls. When it is a little bigger, it is limited to cement floor activities, and the cement floor should be rough and non-slip. 2. Young birds should have enough calcium food and often supplement trace elements such as bone meal and selenium. 3. Add multivitamins to drinking water, and take it continuously for 3 months and stop taking it for 7 days according to the ratio of 1 g multivitamins 1.5 kg. 4. Severe trauma can be treated with antibiotic injection.
(4) Newcastle disease:
Symptoms: respiratory infection of sick birds, dyspnea, and frequent coughing of hemorrhagic mucus; Eye swelling and excessive secretion; Abnormal defecation, white or yellow-green; Sometimes there may be some neurological symptoms.
Prevention and control: 1, Newcastle disease prevention and control is mainly based on vaccine immunization, 1 ~ 2 weeks, Lasota ⅳ strain or 30 clones were used for eye drop immunization, or intramuscular injection 1 strain vaccine. 2. Reduce stress, adjust the feed formula (protein energy ratio) according to the nutrition required in different growth stages, and add 0.05% oxytetracycline powder or appropriate amount of quick supplement 14 to the feed before and after inoculation, so as to reduce stress and increase immunity. 3. When drinking water is used for immunization, water should be stopped 2 ~ 4 hours in advance, the water quality of diluted vaccine should be good, and 0.2% skimmed milk powder should be added to the water as the stabilizer of vaccine.