The following is just an example. Our county's order-based agriculture was developed under the background that the market economy system was gradually improved and the development of agriculture and rural economy entered a new stage. With the gradual deepening of the socialist market economy, after several years of gradual reform and development, the degree of marketization of agriculture is also gradually improving. As far as grain is concerned, the implementation of grain reform has broken the planned economy operation mode of high concentration and unity of grain for a long time and started market-oriented operation. State-owned grain enterprises have been pushed to the front line of the market. In order to survive, ensure food security and master the demand of certain food sources, enterprises must determine the acquisition plan in advance; On the other hand, farmers (producers) are affected by the difficulties in selling agricultural products in recent years. In order to avoid product backlog, they must find the seller in advance. In this way, the relationship between farmers and enterprises is established, and order agriculture appears. I. Basic information on the development of order agriculture As a market-oriented mode of production and operation, order agriculture will play an active role in deepening the reform of rural management system and promoting the development of agriculture and rural economy in the new stage. Although the order agriculture in our county is in the initial stage, it is developing rapidly, with obvious results and promising prospects. As far as the current development situation is concerned, it can be summarized as the following characteristics: First, there are more and more varieties of contract agriculture. Seed production has expanded from a few cash crops and hybrid rice to rice, vegetables, specialty products, animal husbandry, aquatic products and other bulk agricultural products, and from planting to some aquaculture and processing industries. From 2-3 varieties to more than 20 varieties this year. In the first half of the year, our county signed 260 orders with a total contract amount of more than 30 million yuan. Second, the regional scope of contract agriculture is expanding. At present, contract agriculture has expanded from individual towns such as Lingtou and Yantou to more than 20 towns such as Wuniu, Kunyang, Xu 'ao, Xiyuan, Yantan and Oubei, and it has developed rapidly. Order farmers not only have leading agricultural enterprises in the county, but also leading enterprises outside the county, and even leading enterprises outside the city and province. Leading agricultural enterprises in this county, such as agricultural development companies such as Wuniu Siyuan, Oubei Jiafeng, Lidukang, Kunyang, County Grain Storage and Nanjiang; Leading enterprises outside the county, such as Kuailu Group, Meifu Food, Municipal Grain Company and Municipal Grain Storage Company; Leading agricultural enterprises outside the city, such as Hangzhou Chamber of Commerce; Outside the province, for example, Qin Dezhong, a native of Shandong, grows green onions and leeks in the county seed farm. Third, order-based agriculture is developing in the direction of high quality and characteristics. The quality of agricultural products is the life of order agriculture, and quantity is the basis of order agriculture. To develop contract agriculture, we must have a certain amount of agricultural products with good quality. Rumeifu Food Co., Ltd. established a pollution-free vegetable production base of 1.200 mu in Ming 'ao Township, requiring that it be planted according to pollution-free production standards and purchased at a high price; The high-quality rice in Wuniu Town is purchased at the lowest protection price according to the quality. In order to ensure the quantity and quality of contracted agricultural products, the agricultural department provides technical guidance on the variety selection, planting and acquisition of contracted agriculture. Fourth, the forms of order contracts are diversified. The first is to sign a contract directly with farmers. For example, the county grain storage company signed an early rice purchase contract of 4.3 million Jin with 202 large grain growers; City Food Company signed a pig purchase contract with large farmers. The second is to sign contracts through intermediary organizations (enterprises). That is, leading agricultural enterprises first sign contracts with township governments or agricultural departments or intermediary organizations, and then intermediary organizations sign orders with farmers. For example, Kuailu Group signed a 650 mu green food production contract with Yantan Town and a 150 mu pumpkin production contract with Xiyuan Township; Meifu Food Company signed a contract with Ming 'ao Township for 30 tons of field fish, 400 tons of green beans, 200 tons of sword beans, 0/000 tons of radish/kloc, 300 tons of pugua and 200 tons of autumn cowpea. Wenzhou Liangmei Food Co., Ltd. signed a 100 mu sweet corn production and sales contract with Yantan Town. Third, agricultural enterprises directly invest in agricultural development and establish their own bases. For example, Lidukang Food & Beverage Co., Ltd. established a wild vegetable production base in Dayangshan, and Meifu Food Co., Ltd. leased land at Qiaotou for development. Second, the role and effect of contract agriculture has realized the optimal allocation of production factors and social resources, injected a booster into the current agricultural development, and played an important role in deepening the reform of rural management system, promoting the adjustment of agricultural structure, promoting the development of benefit agriculture and increasing farmers' income. (1) is conducive to guiding farmers to enter the market and increasing farmers' income. At present, it is difficult for farmers to increase their income for many reasons, but the main reason is that it is difficult for small-scale production of thousands of households to adapt to the rapidly changing big market, find sales, improve quality and expand scale. Order-based agriculture gives farmers a goal in production, a channel for sales and an expectation of income, which solves the problem that agricultural products cannot be sold. For example, Lidukang Food Co., Ltd. signed a production contract of 100 mu of Chinese cabbage with Yili Village in Shangtang Town, and the contract stipulated that 0.7 yuan per catty was the protection price, of which 1 vegetable farmer 400 yuan earned 0.3 mu of land. After farmers have "orders", they can digest a large number of agricultural raw materials, and change from direct listing to processing and value-added listing, thus reducing market pressure, reducing agricultural risks and ensuring farmers' income increase. For example, in 2000, farmers in Longxiang, Chen Jiaping, Panjiayang, Xiarichuan and other villages in Yantou Town signed a 150 mu production and sales contract with Wenzhou Kuailu Group for the first time, and the contract stipulated that pumpkin per kilogram 1.40 yuan, green onion per kilogram 1 yuan as the protection price. But at the time of harvest, the market price of pumpkin is per kilogram 1.40 yuan, and that of green onion is per kilogram 1.40 yuan. As the contract has been signed, Kuailu must buy pumpkins at a price of 1.40 yuan per kilogram and green onions at a price of 1 yuan, which has benefited local farmers a lot, and this alone has increased their income by 500,000 yuan. (2) It is conducive to promoting the adjustment of agricultural structure and promoting agricultural efficiency. The practice of contract agriculture shows that grasping the "tangible hand" of agricultural contract can better guide the adjustment of agricultural structure, push agriculture into breadth and depth, and promote the optimization of agricultural structure and industrial upgrading. First, provide market orientation for agricultural structural adjustment and promote variety adjustment. Through the form of contract "order", it can not only solve the problem of farmers' difficulty in selling, but also solve the problem that farmers generally don't know what to plant, so that they can rest assured that they can plant and sell well. When the market-oriented reform policy of grain purchase and sale was introduced at the beginning of this year, many large grain growers were puzzled by the grain market trend and it was difficult to arrange the planting layout. Just when farmers were worried, Yongjia Siyuan Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. took the lead in proposing to buy rice at a protective price of not less than 100 Jin of 70 yuan according to market information, which reassured large grain growers. The second is to provide technical support for agricultural structural adjustment and promote quality optimization. Contract farming puts forward specific standards for the quality and specifications of agricultural products, and it is bound to put forward corresponding requirements for related seedlings and technologies. This is the guarantee for leading agricultural enterprises to obtain the quantity and quality of agricultural products, and it is also the key for farmers to realize the expected income. Leading enterprises conscientiously implement the policy of high quality and good price to carry out seedling technical services; Farmers actively adopt excellent new varieties and apply advanced technology, which improves the coverage rate of high-quality varieties and the rate of advanced technology in place. For example, in order to develop high-quality rice such as "Xieyou 9308" and "Ⅱ162", Shizhong Grain Storage Company formulated a preferential purchase policy and signed a production contract of 2,000 mu with Kunyang Township. The third is to provide upgrading functions for the adjustment of agricultural structure and promote the industry to become stronger. Order agriculture can promote the development of agricultural products processing industry and transportation and marketing industry, promote the organic combination of production, processing and marketing, and improve the degree of organization of farmers. It is an important driving force for the adjustment and optimization of rural industrial structure. (three) is conducive to the development of raw material production base, to achieve corporate profits. Contract farming provides enterprises with a stable source of raw materials. At present, although the overall supply of agricultural products exceeds demand, the output fluctuates greatly. If the processing raw materials are completely dependent on the market, it is difficult to guarantee the raw materials, and it is easy to have "not enough to eat" or even "cooking without rice". If you buy rice earlier this year, it will be difficult to collect enough grain reserves without orders. For bulk products, new and excellent products need to be implemented in the form of orders. The implementation of contract farming will also drive other farmers around to follow the production because of the dominant role of price, which will play an "amplification" effect in the construction of raw material bases. Contract farming ensures the quality of raw materials for enterprises. The quality of raw materials is the basis of product quality. The quality of raw materials depends on natural conditions, quality and cultivation management techniques. Due to the different production conditions and technical management levels in different places, the product quality varies greatly. If you buy agricultural raw materials from the market, it is difficult to guarantee the quality. Through order-based agriculture, agricultural products base will be established, and standardized production will be organized according to order requirements to ensure the quality of agricultural products raw materials. At the same time, contract farming has created conditions for further improving the quality of agricultural products. To establish a long-term contractual cooperative relationship, all parties will continue to increase investment in capital, technology and materials for base construction, and promote the continuous improvement of scientific and technological level and ability. Third, the problems in the development of contract agriculture. The development of order agriculture has changed the agricultural production and management mode of our county, but there are several problems in practice: First, the signing, operation and supervision of order contracts are not standardized. From the text of the order, there are few normative contracts and many intentional agreements, and there are some problems, such as incomplete content, irregular format, unspecified subject matter, unclear responsibilities and rights. And the operability is not strong, and some even have oral agreements without written contracts, which brings difficulties to the performance of contracts. From the point of order operation, some enterprises have signed agreements with township governments; Some are arranged by the government, and farmers and enterprises sign agreements; Some of them are repeated signatures, "A woman marries Jiro". From the point of view of order supervision, the breach of contract can not be dealt with quickly and fairly without clear supervision institutions and arbitration institutions. The main reason is that order agriculture has just started, and the experience and technology of order are insufficient, which takes some time to explore; Enterprises, especially farmers, have a concept of winning or losing, and are unwilling to specify the terms of the contract in order to avoid liability in case of breach of contract. Second, the legal awareness of both parties to the order is not strong. From the farmers' point of view, mainly after the signing of the order contract, when the market situation of agricultural products improves and its price trend is obviously higher than the order, some farmers often give up their orders in pursuit of immediate interests and sell their agricultural products to other businesses privately or on their own; From the customer's point of view, the agreed agricultural products market was unsalable and the price went down, so they left and added the loss to the farmers. Breach of contract is due to the weak legal awareness of both parties, insufficient understanding of the seriousness of performance, attention to immediate interests and lack of long-term cooperation plans. Although some orders are signed with farmers through the government and agricultural departments, once one party breaches the contract, it is difficult to deal with the follow-up work. Third, the interest mechanism has not really formed. According to the survey, in the process of developing contract agriculture, more than 3/4 leading agricultural enterprises are still in a simple buying and selling relationship, and it is not common to protect acquisitions and implement "secondary profit-seeking". Enterprises and farmers have not yet formed a mechanism of * * * sharing benefits and * * taking risks, and the orders seem to be loose. In addition, orders are mostly short-term orders, once a year or once a season, and the quality, quality and price change greatly, which makes farmers feel at a loss, easily leads to the changeable and repetitive agricultural structure, and is not conducive to the formation of regional agricultural production pattern. Fourth, there is a lack of corresponding development environment and conditions, and the number of contract agriculture is small. The order-based agriculture in our county started late, and the government, departments and farmers didn't know enough about orders, and the propaganda and cultivation efforts were not enough. At the same time, the agricultural production scale in our county is small, and the degree of scale and base is not high, which restricts the development of contract agriculture. Four. Countermeasures for developing order agriculture The development of order agriculture will play a positive role in deepening the reform of agricultural product circulation system and solving the outstanding problems such as "selling difficulty" of agricultural products at present. In view of the above problems in the development of contract agriculture, we should focus on the following aspects: First, we should pay attention to improving the quality and quantity of agricultural products. Developing high-quality agricultural products that meet the market demand is the premise for farmers to get orders, quality is the life of the development of order agriculture, and quantity is the basis of order agriculture. Therefore, the development of contract agriculture always pays attention to improving the quality and quantity of agricultural products, giving full play to local resource advantages, adjusting farming system and optimizing variety structure, and adjusting the regional layout of agricultural production according to local conditions. Vigorously develop famous and excellent new varieties. To develop contract agriculture, we should rely on science and technology to improve the quality of agricultural products, and accelerate the introduction and popularization of famous new varieties by strengthening the construction of seed engineering; Using advanced practical technology to ensure the quality of agricultural products from all aspects; Through scientific and technological training, improve farmers' scientific and technological quality and constantly enhance farmers' quality awareness. High-tech content and certain production scale enable farmers to win more orders. Second, we should always pay attention to cultivating famous brands and constantly explore the market. The brand is ringing and the market is booming. In the development of contract agriculture, the government and departments should take the implementation of famous brand strategy as the focus of benefit agriculture according to local advantages. First of all, we must determine the brand. At present, it is mainly "two mornings". One is wuniuzao famous tea. It attracts tea merchants from all over the world with the advantage of "no one has me, no one has me", and has become a hot commodity for many tea merchants. It has won many gold medals in the National Agricultural Fair, provincial-level high-quality agricultural products and municipal-level agricultural brand-name products. Our county was named as "the hometown of China Wuniu early tea" by the Ministry of Agriculture. There are 27,000 mu of Wuniuzao tea gardens in the county, with an annual output of about 300 tons and an output value of 70 million yuan. The other is jujube pomelo. He has won many gold medals in national agricultural fairs, brand products and pomelo competitions. A few years ago, its brand was famous both inside and outside the province. Many farmers in Lian Bi, Daruoyan, Yantou and other towns in our county regard it as a "cash cow" to get rid of poverty and become rich. The enthusiasm of developing the base is related to the purchase and sale of products and creates conditions for the effective performance of orders. At the same time, we should use policies and regulations to regulate contract farming, do a good job in guidance, coordination and supervision, constantly improve order signing and management methods, provide policy and regulation consultation and contract dispute handling services for the parties, and effectively protect the parties. According to the principle of "independent operation and voluntary association", organize joint organizations of mutual assistance and cooperation, set up trade associations and economic professional cooperatives, give full play to their roles in developing contract agriculture, promoting agricultural products sales and providing production services, provide farmers with prenatal, mid-term and post-natal services, and protect their legitimate rights and interests; Focus on local leading products, organize farmers to do a good job in production, and at the same time process and sell themselves, so as to reduce the loss of internal interests in agriculture and increase farmers' income. It is necessary to further strengthen the construction of agricultural product brokers, encourage and organize more farmers to enter the circulation field, participate in product sales, ease the problem of selling agricultural products, promote the development of contract agriculture, strengthen the quality training of brokers, adopt various forms of training, improve the marketing level, enhance the awareness of civilized management and law-abiding management, promote the development of regional agricultural economy, and improve the agricultural management level and economic benefits. Fifth, establish a guarantee mechanism and increase policy support. First, establish various risk funds, such as pig production adjustment fund, agricultural insurance, etc., to ensure the stability of agricultural production and alleviate the two major risks of nature and market. Second, continue to strengthen the support and training of agricultural leaders, especially vigorously develop processing enterprises and cultivate big buyers and sellers. Give support in capital, information, technology and services, increase investment in agriculture, and do more practical things for the development of efficient agriculture. The third is to set up an agricultural loan guarantee company, and the county finance will inject some start-up funds. Relevant agricultural enterprises subscribe for a certain proportion of shares and operate according to the joint-stock system to solve the loan problem of leading agricultural enterprises. Fourth, give full play to the guiding role of government departments and create good environmental conditions for the development of contract agriculture. For example, coordinate the relationship between farmers and enterprises and standardize the economic behavior of both sides; Establish and improve information service network, use agricultural information network, attract investment, etc. Actively help farmers understand the market and open up the market; Establish extensive contacts with manufacturers and customers, match orders for farmers, etc. It has promoted the healthy and rapid development of contract agriculture. . . . . . . Imitation writing. Don't copy them all, hope to adopt them!