1, with biological characteristics.
2. Basic conditions provided by the biosphere for biological survival:
4. Environmental factors affecting biological survival: abiotic factors.
5, biological adaptation and influence on the environment, the concept and composition of ecosystem, food chain and food web:
Second unit
10, and observe the loading situation with a microscope.
1 1, the basic structure and function of cells
12, the difference between plant cells and animal cells
13, Preparation and Observation of Onion Epidermal Cell Slices
14. Preparation and observation of oral epithelial cells
15, cell membrane function
16, the role of mitochondria and chloroplasts in energy conversion
17, the role of nucleus in biological inheritance
18. Cell division produces new cells.
19, cells differentiate into tissues.
20. Explain the structure of the human body.
2 1, indicating the structural level of plants.
22. Six organs of green flowering plants
24, the morphological structure of the virus and the characteristics of life activities.
25. Pay attention to the relationship between viruses and other organisms in the biosphere, especially human beings.
Third unit
27. Distinguish common algae, mosses and ferns.
28. Experiment: Observe the structure of seeds.
29. Distinguish common gymnosperms from angiosperms.
30, the main structure of the seed, the conditions of seed germination.
32. Nutrients for plant growth
Fourth unit
Structure and function of male and female reproductive system
4 1 Physical changes in adolescence
42 main nutrients needed by human body
The composition of human digestive system.
Digestion of food and absorption of nutrients
47. Gas exchange between alveoli and blood:
Composition and function of blood
49 Structure and function of three kinds of blood vessels
Structure and function of the heart
5 1 human systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation
Distinguish arterial blood from venous blood
Blood transfusion, blood type and voluntary blood donation
Composition of human urinary system
The formation and excretion of urine.
56. The structure of the eyeball and the formation of vision:
57. The composition and function of the nervous system:
58. The basic way of neural regulation and the structure of reflex arc:
59. The role of several hormones in the human body:
Fifth unit
6 1. Characteristics of aquatic animals adapting to life in water:
62. The main characteristics of mammals:
63. The difference between warm animals and warm-blooded animals:
64. Morphological and structural characteristics of terrestrial animals adapted to land environment:
65. The structure and characteristics of skeletal muscle:
66. Distinguish between innate behavior and learning behavior of animals:
67. The role of animals in nature:
68. Morphological structure and reproduction mode of bacteria.
69. Nutritional pattern of bacteria: heterotrophic:
70. Nutritional patterns of molds and mushrooms:
7 1. The difference between bacteria and fungi:
72. The role of bacteria and fungi in the material cycle.
Unit 7 the continuation and development of life in the biosphere
Chapter I Reproduction and Development of Organisms
I asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction of plants
Second, the reproduction and development of insects.
Third, the reproduction and development process of amphibians
Four. Reproductive and developmental processes of birds
I. Geographical location, administrative divisions and population
1. Anhui Province is located in the east of our great motherland.
(1) Latitude, Anhui Province is located in the middle and low latitudes in the northern hemisphere.
(2) From the land and sea position, Anhui Province is an inland province, adjacent to the Yangtze River Delta, not far from the sea.
2. Administrative divisions
Anhui province is called Anhui for short. The whole province is divided into 17 provincial cities. It is usually called northern Anhui north of Huaihe River, central Anhui between Huaihe River and Yangtze River, and southern Anhui south of Yangtze River. Hefei, the provincial capital.
3. Provinces with a large population
(1) The total population is the eighth in China. Since the founding of New China, the population has increased rapidly. Since the implementation of family planning in the 1970s, the population growth rate has been gradually and effectively controlled. Due to the large population base, the annual net increase in population is still large, and the population situation is very grim.
(2) The population density is much higher than the national average; Huaibei Plain and Yangtze River Plain have high population density.
There are obvious regional differences in population distribution, and the population density in Dabie Mountain area and southern Anhui Mountain area is low.
(3) The country is a big labor export province; (4) There are many ethnic minorities and a small population.
(5) Since 1990s, the process of population urbanization has been accelerated; The speed of population aging began to accelerate; The educational situation of the population has improved significantly.
Two. natural conditions
1. Terrain alternating with plains, mountains and hills (see Anhui Geography P 13):
Huaibei plain in the north; Dabie mountain area in central China and Jianghuai hilly area; The south is the plain along the river and the mountainous area in southern Anhui. The highest peak in the province: Lotus Peak, the main peak of Huangshan Mountain.
2. Mild and humid monsoon climate
Anhui Province is located in the eastern monsoon climate zone of China. The main characteristics of the climate are: distinct seasons, obvious monsoon, mild and humid, and concentrated summer rain.
(1) temperature area and dry and wet area distribution
To the north of Huaihe River are warm temperate zone (warm zone) and semi-humid zone (dry and wet zone).
South of Huaihe River is subtropical (temperate) humid (dry and wet) area.
(2) Distribution characteristics of precipitation: more in the south and less in the north, more in mountains and less in plains and hills.
(3) Drought and flood disasters are frequent, which are the most frequent, extensive and harmful natural disasters. Among them, the Huaihe River Basin is particularly prominent.
3. Major rivers and lakes
(1) Three major river basins
(1) The Huaihe River runs through northern Anhui.
(2) The Yangtze River runs through Anhui from southwest to northwest, which is called "800 Li Wanjiang" in history.
③ Xin 'anjiang in the south belongs to Qiantang River system.
(2) Chaohu Lake, the largest lake in Anhui Province, is one of the five largest freshwater lakes in China, and is known as the "Pearl of Anhui".
4. Transitional vegetation and soil
(1) The distribution of natural vegetation is characterized by the transition from temperate zone to subtropical zone. From north to south, it is deciduous broad-leaved forest, mixed deciduous broad-leaved forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest in turn. Vertical distribution of vegetation in Dabie mountain area and southern Anhui mountain area.
Plant resources are rich and varied. There are large areas of artificial forests and economic forests.
(2) The soil has the characteristics of transition from north to south, with brown soil in Huaibei, yellow brown soil and yellow cinnamon soil in Jianghuai and yellow soil and red soil in southern Anhui. There are large areas of fertile paddy soil in Jianghuai and southern Anhui.
Three. economic development
1. Agricultural province
It has formed advantageous industrial belts such as wheat in Huaibei, rice and rape in the Yangtze River valley, cotton in Huaibei and along the Yangtze River, forest and tea in southern Anhui and Dabie Mountains.
2. Mineral development-five major minerals:
Coal: The reserves rank first in East China, concentrated in Huaibei area.
Iron ore: It is distributed all over the province, with Ma 'anshan, Dangtu, Fanchang and Lujiang being the most concentrated.
Copper mine: mainly distributed in Tongling, Chizhou, Huaining, Lujiang and other places along the river.
Non-metallic minerals such as alunite and limestone are also abundant.
3. Industry
(1) The Huaibei energy base centered on coal mines has always been the energy supply base in the Yangtze River Delta.
(2) Metallurgical industry
Maanshan, the "Steel City", is an important iron and steel industrial center in East China and one of the important iron and steel industrial bases in China.
Tongling, known as the "Copper Capital", is the largest electrolytic copper production base in China.
(3) The automobile industry occupies an important position in China, and important automobile industrial bases such as Hefei and Wuhu have been built.
(4) The home appliance industry is famous all over the country, and Hefei, Chuzhou and Wuhu are important home appliance industry centers in the province.
(5) High-tech industry: Hefei High-tech Development Zone and other high-tech industrial bases have been built.
Step 4 transport
(1) Railway: It is the main part of Anhui transportation network.
Major railways
North-South direction: ① Beijing-Shanghai line, ② Beijing-Kowloon line-Fuhuai line-③ Huainan line-④ Anhui-Jiangxi line and Hejiu (Jiujiang) line.
East-west direction: ⑤ Longhai Line, Ning (Ning) West (Xi 'an) Line, Ningtong (Tongling) Line and Tongjiu (Jiujiang) Line.
(2) Road transportation: it is the main way of land transportation in Anhui Province.
A highway network extending in all directions has been formed with Hefei as the general hub and Wuhu, Bengbu, Fuyang and Anqing as the regional centers.
(3) Inland navigation: The Yangtze River, Huaihe River and Chaohu Lake occupy an important position in inland navigation in the province, and Wuhu and Hefei are important inland ports in the province.
(4) Civil aviation: Hefei and Huangshan are national first-class airport ports.
5. "One point and two lines" urban pattern
(1) A provincial economic circle centered on Hefei.
(2) "Ma Wu Yi Tong" urban agglomeration in Wanjiang City Belt, with emphasis on B Maanshan, C Wuhu, D Tongling and E Anqing.
(3) The "Two Huai-One Clam" urban agglomeration in the Huaihe River Basin, focusing on F Huainan, G Huaibei and H Bengbu.
Four. Culture and tourism
1. Regional culture: Huizhou culture and Tongcheng school have far-reaching influence.
2. Rich tourism resources
(1) South of the Yangtze River
Five famous mountains
Huangshan Mountain: "World Natural and Cultural Heritage" and "World Geopark"; Four wonders of Huangshan Mountain ―― strange pines, strange rocks, sea of clouds and hot springs.
B Jiuhua Mountain: One of the four famous Buddhist mountains in China.
Yun Qi: A Famous Taoist Mountain
Qingliangfeng and Guniujiang: rich in biological resources and beautiful scenery.
Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui (Xidi and Hongcun) ―― World Cultural Heritage, "Peach Blossom Spring People" and "Villages in Chinese Painting"
Xin' anjiang, C Taiping Lake and many caves; Jingxian new fourth army headquarters site and other revolutionary memorial sites.
(2) North of the Yangtze River
D Tianzhu Mountain, E Langya Mountain, Chaohu Lake and Huating Lake are national key scenic spots.
Five major reservoirs in Dabie Mountain (Foziling, Meishan, Xianghongdian, Mozitan and Longhekou) and F Tiantangzhai.
Shexian, Anqing, Shouxian and Bozhou are famous historical and cultural cities in China. The former site of the General Front Committee of Huaihai Campaign, the former site of the General Front Committee of Yaogang River Crossing Campaign and other Lin Huanji revolutionary memorial sites.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) environment and sustainable development
1. Environmental problems that can't be ignored: water pollution, acid rain, soil erosion and biodiversity reduction.
2. The environmental protection work has achieved initial results.
On the one hand, strengthen resource management, rationally develop and utilize water, land, minerals and other resources, strengthen measures to save energy, water, land and materials, develop circular economy and build an environment-friendly society; On the other hand, we will focus on the prevention and control of water pollution, acid rain and comprehensive environmental improvement in cities and mining areas in the Huaihe River and Chaohu Lake basins, and strive to control the total discharge of pollutants.
3. Maanshan City, a national environmental protection model city, is an advanced environmental protection model such as Xiaozhangzhuang and Balihe in Yingshang County, which won the title of "Top 500 Global Environmental Protection".
4. Construction of ecological province
Chaohu Lake belongs to the Jianghuai hilly ecological zone-the agricultural and urban ecological sub-zone of Chaohu Lake Basin. The key contents of ecological construction and protection in Chaohu Lake are: implementing soil and water conservation, returning farmland to forests and grasslands, returning farmland to lakes, and fundamentally solving the drought-prone problem in the Jianghuai watershed area; Control pollution in Chaohu Lake and focus on building key water functional areas in Chaohu Lake. -geographical focus, and write down important concepts.