Hainingchao, also known as Qian Jiangchao, began in the Han and Wei Dynasties and flourished in the Tang Dynasty, especially in the Southern Song Dynasty, whi
Hainingchao, also known as Qian Jiangchao, began in the Han and Wei Dynasties and flourished in the Tang Dynasty, especially in the Southern Song Dynasty, which lasted for more than two thousand years. The Southern Song Dynasty is scheduled to inspect the navy on the Qiantang River on the 18th day of the eighth lunar month (Shen Chao's birthday), which is regarded as the Tide Watching Festival.
According to an old story in Zhou Mi Wulin, "The tides in Zhejiang are a great sight in the world. Looking from the 18th to the 18th, it is the most prosperous, far away from Haimen, just like a silver line. As soon as it approaches, it will come to Yucheng Xueling the next day. Loud as thunder, shocking and lashing, swallowing the sky and covering the ground, the potential is extremely heroic. "
"Qiantang Waiting for Tide Map" contains: "August 18th is the best place in the world. From a distance of several hundred miles, it looks like crossing a river, but the tide head is several feet high, clouds and snow are piled up, and the sound is like thunder drums, which is beyond description."
The legend of haining tide (1) set off waves of snow and anger.
According to legend, more than 2,000 years ago, when wuyue was fighting for hegemony, Wu first defeated Yue. Gou Jian, the king of Yue, made peace, and the doctor Wu Zixu advised the king of Wu to kill him to avoid future trouble. But Fu Cha, the king of Wu, listened to the slanderers of Taizai, meaning that Xu's son "gave himself a sword"! On his deathbed, Zixu forbade his son to say: help me hang my eyes on the east gate (say the south gate) and watch the more soldiers attack Wu; Put my body in a fish bag and throw it into the river, so that I can watch Wu's defeat at dusk.
Nine years later, Gou Jian, the King of Yue, destroyed the State of Wu according to the doctor's plan, but the King of Yue also listened to rumors and forced Wen Zi to commit suicide on the day of success!
Gao Zhen's two masters are in power, or advice when most needed is least heeded, or it's hard for him and his subjects to be happy. The former died in the state of Wu and floated on the river, and the Wu people were pitiful. They set up a temple on the river, named Xushan; Loyal to Yue, surrendered to the sword in the mountains. The more people mourn it, the more they are buried in the heavy mountain (Xishan). Wen Zi was buried for a year, and Zixu went to the sea to swim in the rivers and seas. Therefore, Wu Zixu is the person who makes waves before the tide, while Wen Zi is the heavy person behind the water. On August 18, a pair of loyal souls rode on a white horse, stood on the tide, and roared for revenge, forming a thrilling Qiantang Chamber, known as "Bai Yang Snow Powder".
The legend of haining tide (2) Qian Wang shoots tide
Because people praised Qian Liu (852~932), the king of the Five Dynasties, for his immortal achievement in building the largest seawall project in ancient China (with a bottom width of18m and a height of about 6m), it is also said that Su Yuliang built the seawall in August in the fourth year of Kaiping (9 10). I said to Tian Yun, "I am willing to retreat from the stormy waves in January and February and build a century-old foundation": I prayed to Xushan Temple Cloud, "I am willing to rest my loyalty and anger and temporarily collect the stormy waves"; A chapter of the letter poem sets Haimen Cloud, "It is said that the Dragon King will merge with the Shuifu, and Qiantang will use it to build a money city". Because there are bamboos in the mountains, 3,000 arrows are made and feathers are prepared. Raise the 500-strong crossbow and shoot at the head of the road. People use six arrows. Every time the tide was hit by an arrow, the tide retreated from Qiantang to Jinling in the east. Yu Jian was buried in Jiangmen's waiting tide, which is called "Money King Shooting Tide".
Eight castles-welcome the tide
Babel, located 7 kilometers east of Yan Guan Town, is another scenic spot in Haining. Due to the long-term sediment deposition in Babao and its nearby rivers, a sandbank is formed in the river, which divides the tidal wave from Hangzhou Bay into two streams, and the two tidal heads bypass the sandbank and move in an arc shape. To the big gap and Babao area, the rapidly advancing southern tide rushed to the south bank, was blocked by the seawall, and the river rolled northward; The east tide moves along the Beitang, lifting up the silt at the root of the pond, stirring it into black and yellow turbid waves and rolling westward.
The southern tide from the north and the eastern tide from the west quickly approached and collided, presenting a spectacular scene of "thunder gathering on the sea and waterfalls in the river". At the moment when the two tides collided, a water column was stirred up, which was as high as several feet, splashing and stirring. By the time the water column falls back into the river, the two streams have already appeared in the shape of a cross on the river surface, rushing westward like an avalanche, and the intersection quickly moves northward, which is spectacular, commonly known as the tide (cross tide). At present, the crossing tide is formed on the river to the east of Daxia.
(Image from the Internet)
Yan Guan-the first wave of pagodas
Yan Guanzhen is a famous tidal spot in Haining, especially the first-line tidal scene. After crossing the tide, the spring tide continued to move westward, because the whole riverbed contracted to both sides. Near Yan Guan, two tides converged, which was created by the great power of nature.
At the beginning of the tide, a piece of white practice flashed on the river, just like "the plain practiced across the river, and the long flat sand started from Bai Hong". With the rumble, the tide flew by from far and near, and the tide pushed the waves to sing like thunder. In an instant, the tidal bore came to my face, and the white line became a water blocking wall. Gradually, the beads were sprayed and the jade was splashed, which was like a thousand Ma Benteng, thunderous and unstoppable.
The Chronicle of Haichangsheng, which was published at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, said: "The tide of Haining is called by the world, and Yin Tao in the east of Haining is rolling in an orderly way, while the west of Haining is uneven. ..... Every Mid-Autumn Festival, Chinese and foreign people come to see it. " Because the tide head is the neatest when it arrives near Zhan 'ao Tower, it is commonly known as "the first-line tide of Haining Tower".
Salt storage-low tide
The spring tide went west again and came to the old salt warehouse 12km west of Yan Guan Town. There is a "T-shaped dam" with a height of 9 meters and a length of 650 meters, which goes straight into the middle of the river like a giant arm to turn the tide. After encountering obstacles, the roaring tide was reflected and turned back, where it violently hit the opposite dam, and then rolled back with the trend of Taishan coping, falling on the torrent moving westward, forming a row of "snow mountains" and rushing back to the east like lightning. For example, when the dragon unlocked the lock and roared back, the tide suddenly stood up, just visible and pounced on the fish scale stone pond of the eighteenth stone steps, and suddenly a silver rainstorm rushed into the sky, which was really thrilling.
"The early tide only comes after the late tide, and it flows 60 times a week in January." Qiantang bore is called Tide twice a day and Sunseeker at night, with an interval of 12 hour. The first and fifteenth days of the lunar calendar are called Meridian Tide, with a period of half a month. The three scenic spots have their own characteristics: watching tides during the day and watching sunseekers at night. Especially in the moonlit night, the moon is covered by silver waves, the light shakes the snow, and the moon sways with the waves in the sea, which is a spectacle.
(Image from Yan Guan Tourism)
There were many discussions about the causes of tidal bore in ancient times. Wang Chong, a philosopher in the Eastern Han Dynasty, made a conclusion in Lun Heng that "Tao rises and falls with the moon, with different gains and losses". It is pointed out that the formation of Qianjiang spring tide is due to "the estuary is almost small and shallow, and the water is boiling".
Yan Su, a scientist in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote "Tide Theory" and proposed for the first time that "there is sediment deposition in Qiantang River, which increases the water propulsion resistance in Zhejiang. The front tide does not retreat, and the back tide comes again, overlapping into a tidal bore. "
"Zhejiang Haitang Tongzhi" in Qing Dynasty "How dark and long the sea is day and night", Zhejiang belongs to Jianing, Wenzhou and Taiwan Province counties. On the south bank, there is only one bunch of Jianshan Mountain in Haining and Shaoxing Mountain, which arouses the tide and snow waves, enters through the wall, goes out from the second mountain, and adds another bunch. qiantang bore is a huge view. "
Modern research shows that tides are caused by periodic fluctuations of seawater under the gravity of the sun and the moon. It usually fluctuates twice a day. The tidal force of the sun and the moon on the earth refers to the gravitational force of the sun and the moon on the object with unit mass on the earth and the inertial centrifugal force generated when the earth rotates, which is caused by the resultant force of these two forces. Tidal bore may occur in the estuary of any river that flows into the sea from east to west.
The uniqueness of Hainingchao lies in the unique geographical conditions at the mouth of Qiantang River. First of all, Qiantang River is located in the low latitude zone near 30 north latitude, which is strongly influenced by the gravity of the moon and the sun. Secondly, there is a tidal current from the northwest Pacific Ocean, one of which flows into the South China Sea and the other into the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea. The latter is just aimed at Qiantang River, and the surging waves drive directly to Hangzhou Bay. Third, the terrain is unique. The section from Hangzhou Bay to Qiantang River estuary is trumpet-shaped with wide outside and narrow inside. The mouth of the bay is as wide as 100 km, and it shrinks to 20 km in Zhangpu, Haiyan, and less than 3 km in Yan Guan, Haining. From Pinghu Zhapu to Xiaoshan Yan Wen, there is a huge sandbar at the bottom of the river, and its peak is near Xiaoshan Cang Qian.
When the tidal wave in the open sea enters the bell mouth, it is constrained by the sharp contraction of the two sides, and the tidal wave continues to increase. To the vicinity of Dajian Mountain in Haining, it inclines out of the river and meets the rising sandbar, and the water depth becomes shallow. A large number of fast-rising tides surge sharply, and the front slope becomes steep and broken, forming a wall-like peak, resulting in the famous tidal bore. The intensity of tidal bore varies with the season and the first month of the lunar calendar. Due to astronomical conditions and flood discharge in rainy season every year, the low tide level decreases and the tidal bore force increases, which is due to the deep and straight brushing of the river. Therefore, tidal bore is generally the highest in two or three days after the first month of July and August of the lunar calendar, and the tidal range near Yan Guan is as high as 3 meters.
Waiting for the tide proverb:
On the first and fifteenth day, the tide rises at noon;
The eighth and twenty-third days are full in the morning and evening;
On the tenth and 25th, the tide usually falls.
1990 February, May, August and November of the lunar calendar are the "tides" around the clock. Haining Hydrological Station (Location: Xiaoputuo, Yan Guan)
In ancient times, Tide Resort was located in Sanguantang outside Qingtai Gate in Hangzhou, Saburo Temple outside Nanxing Bridge, Jianggan, and even Huangcheng Peak and Yue Lun Peak. Near Hangzhou Pagoda of Six Harmonies (Zhejiang Pavilion), there is a stone tablet named "Chaohoubiao", which was erected from the Northern Song Dynasty to August 2003 13. General Shi Lang will supervise Zhejiang tax field.
Part of Lu Changming's Tidal Weather Table
After the Song Dynasty, due to the change of river course and the construction of seawall, the tide observation point gradually moved from Hangzhou to Haining. Poems praising Qian Jiangchao. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, most of the literati in Hangzhou chanted poems, such as:
Bai Juyi
The early tide ebbs and the late tide comes, and it flows ten times on January 1st and Saturday.
Not only is time changing, but Hangzhou is getting old and being urged by the tide.
Xu Ning
Zhejiang has a long green west coast, and the stormy waves are overturned day and night.
Look at the influx of people in Qiantang, Li Guo, until baldness is not enough.
Su Shi
On the night of August 15, there was moonlight everywhere.
Don't choose a house, don't choose a tower, and the official residence is like Pengdao.
In front of the Phoenix Hall, wild oranges are fragrant, and the autumn lotus is old by the Tan Jian Bridge.
August 18th Tide, a spectacular world.
Kunpeng hit the water for 3,000 miles and trained a long drive of 100,000 people.
The red flag and green cover gradually disappear, and the black sand and white waves eat each other.
Life encounters ancient difficulties; This scene, this trip, are all.
Can you smell this? Candle fire, white robe like a stork outside the door.
From the Ming and Qing Dynasties to modern times, most local scholars in Haining recited Qian Jiangchao's poems, such as:
Su ping
Anger carried the wind through Haimen, and there was no sand mark in an instant.
Night whales roar, thousands of troops and horses merge, and snow waves turn over and gallop.
I believe that when the noon arrives, the thunder will shake Kun.
If you want a lift, you just want to ask Fusang about it.
Shi Dashou
At two o'clock in the niche, the shadows of the trees are dim, and the silver waves are rolled up to bathe in the blue sky.
Only the moon can't push it away, and the light is still in the waves.
Wang Guowei
The cuckoo crowed thousands of miles in the Spring Festival Evening, and the whole country was heartbroken.
Haimen is empty, the moonlight is everywhere, and the night tide is still there.
Mountains and rivers are different from castles, and grievances must be wrong.
Loneliness and anger in the world are the most difficult to calm down, and they are reborn after several ebbs and flows.
Wu junxuan
The northern niche is green, and the waves peep through the truth.
The light shakes the cold snow in the city, and the Dragon Palace washes away.
Mei Cheng's sentence was sketched with two pipes, and Wu was dyed red with a flag.
In an instant, I went west to the rock beach and pointed to Vietnam.
"Meet in the southeast, the tide will destroy the pond", which is a proverb circulating in Ding Qiao about the tidal water in Qiantang River.
There are raised sand dunes to the east of the old dragon head in Ding Qiao. When the seawater comes in, it is divided into sections and countless layers. After it overflows the sand dunes, these parts converge to form two tidal heads, namely the south tide and the east tide. The last two tides collide and cross, and they all move forward after crossing, accompanied by "folding tide" After folding, the front wave pushes the front wave, some directly hit the fish-scale seawall, and some hollowed out the pond foundation. Therefore, the seawall of Dingqiao section (large gap section),
During the reign of Xianfeng and Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, the pond was washed away by the tide, and salt water once invaded Wuzhen, Tongxiang, until the early years of Guangxu. Later, it was destroyed and repaired many times in the early days of liberation. Until 1956~ 1957, the slope pond with large gap section was rebuilt with slurry block stone, and three short groins were thrown to protect the pond root. This big gap has finally been repaired.
Sometimes, after the first wave, there will be a "low tide". It is not obvious on the surface, but after hitting the fish scale pond, it rises rapidly, rushes to the fragrant pond, and even destroys the wave wall, which is very likely to cause personal injury. Don't stay in groins and high beaches below the pond surface within one hour after tide watching.
The "first noon tide on the first day of the month" is directly related to wind direction, riverbed silt, water level, celestial gravity and river depth. The arrival time of each tide is unpredictable, and only a rough timetable can be made according to previous observation experience. Tourists come to watch Haining Tide 40 minutes in advance.
Haining Linjiang seawall starts from Tashanba in the east and reaches Laoyancang Dam in the west, with a total length of about 32.5 kilometers. You can watch the Haining Tide on this 32.5-kilometer-long Linjiang seawall and feel the spectacular scenery of Qian Jiangchao water. The speed of the tide is about 25 kilometers per hour. If you are well prepared, you can watch three tides (cross tide, first-line tide and turning tide) a day.
Tashan Dam is the first Gaoding dam built on the Qiantang River, with a total length of 800 meters. Xiaojianshan (now mined and abandoned) is the dam root, and Tashan, which only exposes the river, is the dam head.
The tide came from Jiashao Bridge, divided into two waves, jumped over the sand embankment near Tashanba, and one wave reached Tashantang.
The south tide moving in an arc is hitting the seawall on the north shore.
At the same time, the east tide generated in Tashantang Bay rolled westward with sediment and turbid waves.
(Image from the Internet)
After the south tide hit the seawall, it turned back to the south bank as the waves surged.
About seven or eight minutes after the first tidal wave, a second tidal wave formed under Tashanba.
The second tide seems to have a greater thrust, constantly hitting the seawall and stirring up the water column.
The second tidal bore was faster, and she struggled to catch up with the tide ahead. When the tide caught up with the tide ahead and was blocked, she snatched the river back and rushed eastward. Since then, the river has been swaying in the big waves for some time.
The river has gradually calmed down, and the fish scale stone pond has been submerged by the river. It takes about 3 hours from onset to low tide.
On the day of spring tide, the tidal bore of Qiantang River can bring 5-6 meters of river water.
The thick tide went all the way to the west. After passing through eight castles, the magical tide swept through Bai Bo, connecting the tides.
(Image from Yan Guan Tourism)
The plain crossed the river, and the surging river came to Zhan 'ao Tower to spray snow-white training, which has become a line.
Bai Bo, which turned over after the tide passed the salt official, was sometimes disconnected and sometimes connected, showing a different spectacular scene.
The tide rumbled up and down. Cirrus clouds and snow fell from the sky without taking away a cloud.
Before taking pictures, the tide has already appeared in another way.
"Not only time flies, but Hangzhou is also getting old and being driven away by the tide." After the magical Haining spring tide entered the Tashan Dam, it hit the south bank, the north bank or the Tashan pond, which seemed to hit the east like the west, and finally appeared in front of the world as a front-line tide, constantly changing the tide in the west running all the way. The magical spring tide seems to be held by an invisible hand, which "sets off a wave of revenge" for a pair of loyal souls. When you and I grow old in the curtain, the tide in Haining is spectacular and eternal.