defeat
Discontinuation is a method of coloring with the roots of oil painting pens. After pressing the pen, make a slight stroke, stumble and lift again, such as calligraphy, which is vigorous and solid. The colors of the nib and the root of the pen are different, and the light and heavy direction of the pen holder is different, which can produce many changes and interests.
Flap/flap
The technique of gently patting the picture with a wide oil painting pen or fan pen is called patting. Flapping can produce a certain undulating texture, which is neither very obvious nor very simple. You can also process the original strong strokes or colors to weaken them.
massage
Rubbing refers to the method of directly manipulating two or more different colors on the screen with a pen. After color processing, it produces natural mixed changes, obtains subtle and bright colors and contrast between light and shade, and can play a transitional role.
line
Lines refer to lines drawn with pen drawing, and oil painting lines are generally drawn with soft and sharp clues, but in different styles, round heads, proofreaders and old flat pens can also draw thick lines similar to strong books. At first, both eastern and western paintings were modeled on lines. In the morning oil paintings, drafts are generally drawn with precise and rigorous line outlines. In Tempella technique, the method of arranging wires is the main means to form light and shade. It was only later that western oil paintings evolved into light and shade and heads, but even so, the midline factor in oil paintings was influenced by indelible colors. Slim and bold. The use of neat or random lines and repeated overlapping and overlapping lines enriches the language of oil painting, and it is very important to deal with different shapes of sideline. The use of lines in oriental painting has also influenced the styles of many modern western masters, such as Matisse, Van Gogh, Picasso, Miro and Klee.
oil painting
Oil painting is a major kind of painting in western painting. The art of painting by mixing pigments with quick-drying oil on treated canvas, boards, thick paper or walls. Early oil paintings used the technique of "Tempere", that is, using egg yolk or egg white as padding, dissolving mineral pigments, and then coating the painting with a thin and transparent oil paint. /kloc-who was the Dutch painter in the 0/5th century? Eco brothers changed to quick-drying oil such as linseed oil and walnut oil as blending agent, which made the color easy to blend and was widely used. It is characterized by free strokes and can be laid layer by layer, which can improve color brightness and fully show the realism and rich color effects of objects. Since then, new materials and technologies have spread all over Europe. Where is it? The Echo brothers are therefore called the creators of European oil paintings. At the beginning of the 20th century, more and more people studied oil painting in China, among which Li Shutong (1880- 1952) was the first one to study oil painting and introduced this technique to China.
total/complete victory
Color scanning is often used to connect two adjacent color blocks to make them less rigid. This can be done by gently sweeping with a clean fan pen when the color is not dry. You can also use a pen to sweep another color on the background color to produce a color effect that is staggered up and down, loose and not greasy.
stamp
It means that after dipping the pigment with a hard bristle brush, the pigment is vertically imprinted on the screen with a pen. Stamping is not commonly used, and it is generally only used when special textures are needed locally.
Latex material
Latex material is an excellent traditional material with a long history and has been developed in modern times. Emulsion materials are mixed materials containing water-based and oil-based components, both of which have their own advantages. Egg color, cream color, wax and other Tampere painting materials belong to emulsion series. Emulsion materials can be diluted with water, and the drying speed is fast, similar to water-based materials; It can be opaque, sticky, insoluble in water after drying, and has the advantages of oily substances. Various modern synthetic pigments of propylene and ethylene not only retain the characteristics of traditional emulsion materials, but also have the advantages of oily materials, which have irreplaceable functions of other materials and are new materials with great development prospects.
Oily material
Oil painting is the main kind of painting with oily materials and natural resin as painting media, which evolved from traditional latex materials such as egg color and brewing protein. Oily materials are characterized by slow drying, luster and repeated coating. Oily materials have strong expressive force and rich technical effects, which can be said to contain almost all the technical characteristics of other materials and paintings. The characteristics of oily materials allow the modeling of objects to be described in depth and in detail, and can show the rich and vivid color relationship of objects, thus satisfying people's desire to reproduce visual reality since14th century and promoting the development of western painting to realism. Since its birth, oil painting has occupied a major position in western painting circles and developed all over the world, which also proves the superiority of oily materials. The transformation from water-based materials to oily materials is a long process, which has gone through thousands of years. It is a major breakthrough in painting materials and techniques and even in the history of art. The use of oil and resin is one of the important features that distinguish western painting materials and techniques from eastern painting materials and techniques.
Pull
Pulling refers to drawing solid lines and sharp edges of objects in oil painting, such as the side of a sword or glass. At this time, you can adjust the color with a painting knife, and then draw the color on the screen with the side of the blade. The shape drawn by the painting knife is three-dimensional and definite, which is difficult to achieve with a brush or other methods.
beat
Wipe is to put the brush sideways and wipe the picture with the belly of the brush. Usually it is carried out in a large area with less color, which can form less obvious brush strokes and is also a common method of laying background color. On the dry background or undulating texture, you can draw an effect similar to traditional Chinese painting, making the underlying texture more obvious.
restrain
Pressing is to gently press and lift the wet color layer with the bottom of a knife, which will produce a special texture on the color surface. In some places where special textures need to be portrayed, the expected effect can be achieved by using suppression technology.
Water-based materials
The earliest pigments used by human beings are mainly water-soluble materials. In early paintings, it is very natural to use natural substances such as water, gum or animal glue as diluents and binders for pigments. They are easy to obtain and easy to use, which is consistent in the early paintings of the East and the West. Nowadays, watercolor and gouache pigments are all water-based media, and their expression techniques are free and smooth, which can produce a light and transparent effect. It is also the main material type of oriental painting such as Chinese painting and Japanese painting.
Oil painting materials
Oil painting materials can be divided into three categories: base materials, oil painting pigments and media materials. The base material refers to the backing material and the undercoat layer bearing the painting pigment layer. Oil painting pigment is the main material that directly expresses the color and texture effect of painting. Binders are all kinds of diluents, adhesives and polishing agents used to adjust the properties of pigments and combine with base materials.
Bricklaying/masonry
The method of bricklaying is to use a knife instead of a brush, just like a mason uses a mud knife to circle mud on the canvas, leaving a knife mark directly. The masonry method can have different thickness levels, and the size, shape and direction of the knife will also produce rich contrast. Draw different colors with a painting knife, and let them mix naturally on the screen without too much mixing, which can produce subtle color relations. The color layer with excessive fluctuation can also be leveled by masonry. If the masonry method is used properly, there will be a strong sense of shaping.
row
Depiction refers to the use of the blade of a painting knife to draw negative lines and shapes on wet colors, sometimes showing potential colors. Different painting knives can produce different depth and thickness changes, as well as the texture changes of the ups and downs of points, lines and surfaces formed by brush strokes and sharp painting knife techniques.
main points
Point-all methods start from the point, and all brushwork starts from the point. As early as in the classic Tempella technique, stippling is an important technique to express levels. In Vermeer's works, the strokes of dots are also used to express the flicker of light and the texture of objects. Impressionist stippling has become one of its basic characteristics, but Monet, Renoir and pissarro have different changes and personalities. Neo-impressionism, on the other hand, went to extremes, mechanically using dots as his only brush strokes. In modern realistic oil painting, the density of points is also used to produce light and shade levels, which can cause a definite but not rigid transition. The combination of pointillism, line and surface in comprehensive painting can produce rich contrast. Oil painting pens with different shapes and textures can produce different pointillism, which can play a unique role in expressing the texture of some objects.
razor
Scraping is the basic usage of oil painting knife. Scraping is generally used to scrape off the unsatisfactory parts of the picture with a blade, or to scrape off unnecessary details or weaken the strong relationship with a knife to relax the tense picture relationship. After a long day's homework, it is often necessary to scrape off some painted colors with a knife in order to dry them in time and continue painting the next day. When the color is dry, you can also use a painting knife or razor to scrape off the uneven places. You can also scrape off the wet color layer with a knife to expose the background color and show various textures.
app; application
If stippling and sketching are the means to form the points and lines of oil painting, then painting is the main method to form the surface of oil painting. The methods of painting include flat painting, thick painting and Bo Tu, and impressionist pointillism is also called casual painting. Flat painting is the main method to draw a large area of color blocks, and even flat painting is a common technique for decorative oil painting. Thick coating is one of the main characteristics that distinguishes oil painting from other kinds of pens. It can make the pigment have a certain thickness and leave obvious brushstrokes to form a texture. Scraping off extremely thick pigment with a painting knife or squeezing the pigment directly onto the canvas can be called heap coating. Thin Xu diluted with oil and painted thinly on the screen can produce transparent or translucent effect. The pen used for sketching is flexible and vivid. The coating method of wiping and sweeping is also called halo coating.
sway
Putting the paint directly on the canvas with a pen without making more changes is called posing, which is also one of the basic strokes of oil painting. The pendulum method is often used at the beginning and end of oil painting, and the relationship between color and modeling is found with certain colors and accurate strokes. It often takes only a few strokes to change the picture at key points. Of course, do it in your chest first, and then write. Rubbing is to use the abdomen of a brush to cross the screen, usually with less color in a large area, which can form less obvious brush strokes and is also a common method to lay the background color. On the dry background or undulating texture, brush strokes can draw the effect similar to traditional Chinese painting, making the underlying texture more obvious.
Completed in June 2005