Introduction: Different scholars at home and abroad have different views on the operational definition of psychological counseling. Rogers, a humanistic psychologist, believes that psychological counseling is a process of providing psychological help and trying to change the behavior and attitude of individuals through continuous direct contact.
One, two misunderstandings: moral education of psychological problems and psychological education of moral problems.
In recent years, we have come to realize that moral education should be organically combined with psychological counseling, enriching its connotation and expanding its functions in order to achieve better results. To this end, we set up a psychological test counseling center to study the role of psychological test counseling in moral education and achieved certain results. However, like? Psychology? Different from? Moral education? Same. After all, psychological counseling is not moral education. In order to successfully complete the educational task, especially for moral educators, it is very necessary to improve the scientificity and effectiveness of moral education and clarify the relationship and difference between them in understanding. But at present, there are at least two misunderstandings in the relationship between moral education and psychological counseling, namely, moral education of psychological problems and psychological education of moral problems.
For a long time, many people confuse psychology with ideological and moral issues and don't understand the difference and connection between them. Therefore, in moral education, it is easy to treat psychological problems as ideological and moral problems, which leads to moral education of psychological problems. The main reason is: (1) For a long time, people's living standard is not high, and their main concern is food and clothing. Psychological problems are not taken seriously. Some people even think that psychological counseling is a luxury in modern society, just like? Leisure culture? It is a luxury in developed areas. (2) Too much emphasis on politics often regards everyone's psychological problems as ideological consciousness and political concepts, and it is impossible to understand and treat psychological problems scientifically and objectively. (3) With the deepening of reform and opening up. It is easy to simply see the pursuit of material benefits from individual motives and needs, while ignoring the oscillation and uneasiness brought by social changes to people's inner world. (4) People's quality should only attach importance to ideological awareness and knowledge level, while ignoring the improvement of people's psychological quality. Psychological problems are often attributed to moral problems, and even mental illness is confused with ideological and cognitive errors. This leads educators to be helpless or get twice the result with half the effort when facing students' psychological problems.
But in recent years, with the development of psychological counseling, some people have exaggerated the role of psychological counseling in moral education. People think that psychological counseling should completely replace moral education, which leads to psychological problems in moral education. With the increasing popularity of psychological counseling, some people think that the traditional moral education is out of date. What is the purpose of psychological counseling? A brand-new road of ideological and political work? , is it? A new form of scientific ideological and political work? Therefore, students' ideological and moral problems are regarded as psychological problems, and psychological counseling is advocated to replace moral education and traditional ideological education. This leads to the overcorrection of moral education. Deviated from the right direction.
The above two cognitive biases about the relationship between psychological counseling and moral education. It is not conducive to promoting the healthy growth and all-round development of students and must be corrected in theory. This first involves the definition of two basic concepts, personality and morality, and the understanding of their relationship.
Two categories: personality and morality (moral quality), psychological counseling and moral education.
1。 Personality and morality. Traditionally, we think that psychological counseling is to solve personality problems and moral education is to solve ideological and moral problems. Although the word personality is widely used in psychology and pedagogy, it is difficult to define it accurately. This paper tends to define personality as? What unique personality does an individual have when adapting to the present environment? This personality is the psychological tendency and various characteristics formed by the interaction of environment, heredity, education and other factors. There is only one personality, but there are many psychological tendencies and characteristics that make up personality. Descriptive, such as people's interests, activities, needs, fantasies, beliefs, world outlook, personality, abilities, etc. Ideological and moral character usually refers to an individual's inner political, social beliefs, world outlook, moral outlook and legal consciousness. Personality and morality are two related but different categories.
(1) all refer to the internal quality factors of individuals, are the subjective and dynamic reflection of the objective world in the human brain, and belong to the category of psychological phenomena. Although this reflection contains some of the same elements, such as beliefs, ideals, beliefs, world outlook and so on. The main meanings of these elements are the same, and the packaging colors reflected are different. The objective things that reflect ideology and morality are biased towards a certain social or class consciousness. For example, socialist schools require students to adhere to the Four Cardinal Principles and have dialectical materialism, socialist morality and legal awareness. However, when we study the personality structure, we do not emphasize the social class interests and political background of a society, which are mostly related to social consciousness. For example, the "Cardell Sixteen Personality Factors" test. For what? Music group? Personality test, some students are silent, lonely, lonely and cautious. Some students are extroverted, enthusiastic, easy-going and adaptable. From these characteristics, we can't know the individual's political position and ideological and moral status. A silent and lonely child, an extroverted and enthusiastic child, may love the motherland.
(2) Although each has its own advantages and disadvantages, the specific standards are different and unified. For example, when we talk about the standard of personality health, we generally emphasize that individuals know themselves, accept themselves and experience the value of their own existence; Can face up to reality, accept others, coordinate and control emotions, and be happy; Have a sense of responsibility to society; Have a positive and realistic life goal; Kind-hearted, caring for others; Have independent consciousness, and so on. What we call the' standard' of moral character (moral quality) generally refers to personal political quality, ideological quality and moral quality. Political quality includes clear and correct political position, political viewpoint, political attitude and political behavior; Ideological quality includes socialist ideological consciousness and socialist world outlook, values and outlook on life; Moral quality includes socialist professional ethics and life ethics. Therefore, ideology and morality focus on the tasks of society, country and times, while personality content emphasizes people and themselves, people and others. Therefore. Ideology and morality focus on the tasks of society, country and times, while personality content emphasizes the relationship between people and themselves and others. Relatively speaking, morality emphasizes personal social attributes, while personality emphasizes personal natural attributes. However, there is unity between the two, which is the quality difference of the same individual. Therefore, from the unity of the two, some people boil it down to 1O elements of human psychological quality: strong patriotism, enterprising spirit and dedication; Integrity, honesty, discipline, and compliance with social codes of conduct. Legal concept; Sense of collective responsibility and social responsibility, caring for others. Good at cooperation. Evaluate yourself correctly and be good at understanding others; Adapt to the social environment. Know how to adjust your mentality and behavior in a timely and appropriate manner; Broad vision, flexible mind, willing to accept new things and new ideas, and treat change and change with a positive attitude; Have a strong sense of innovation, have the conscious requirement of constantly absorbing new knowledge, be good at self-study and use knowledge flexibly. Establish psychological advantages to overcome difficult problems; Self-confidence, willpower, hard work, dare to face challenges. Correctly treat setbacks and exercise their resilience; Self-reliance and self-care ability. Through our own efforts. Actively participate in life; Down-to-earth, willing to start with basic exercises, from? Grassroots? Start; Establish the concept of efficiency. In study, work and life, learn to get the maximum benefit with the least investment and so on. As can be seen from the above points. They are highly integrated with individual personality and moral factors, so personality and morality are unified.
(3) The relationship between them is also manifested in the unity of the formation process. The formation and development process of individual ideology and morality can also be said to be the improvement process of individual personality to some extent. Because the essence of the formation and development of ideological and moral character is the development process of individual knowledge, emotion and behavior, and the activity process of knowledge, emotion and behavior is the result of the joint participation and synergy of many personality factors such as motivation, ideal, emotion and will, ideological and moral requirements will eventually be implemented in some personality factors such as individual motivation, belief, ideal and ability level. Therefore. Whether it is the development of personality or the development of ideology and morality. It is the result of mutual restriction and interaction of various psychological factors.
2。 Psychological consultation and moral education. Moral education is the political, ideological and moral influence exerted by educators on the educated according to the requirements of a certain society or class. In order to train the educated into the people needed by a certain society or class. Moral education aims to make individuals have certain political views and positions. He has a certain outlook on life, values and world outlook, and a certain moral standard required by society and so on. And psychological counseling uses psychological theories, knowledge and methods. Communicate information by language or other means. The process of helping, enlightening and educating customers is a way to promote self-awareness. The process of self-improvement and self-development. So, it's technical service? This is also an educational influence. The purpose of psychological counseling and moral education is the same, both of which are to cultivate people with perfect personality and all-round development. However, their contents, implementation methods and theoretical basis are different. (1) Based on different theoretical bases, psychological counseling mainly focuses on psychological theories, such as psychoanalysis, behavioral analysis and cognitive analysis. Moral education is mainly based on dialectical materialism and the basic principles of pedagogy. (2) Although the purpose is the same, the specific tasks are different. Moral education is mainly about solving political ideas. World outlook, outlook on life, moral norms and legal consciousness. Psychological counseling emphasizes personality harmony, which can help students get rid of negative emotions, confirm their own intrinsic value, understand their own needs, understand their own psychological characteristics, improve their self-adaptability and help students define their life goals and establish? Social-personal? A harmonious lifestyle. (3) The contents of the two are different. The content of moral education mainly includes patriotism, collectivism, socialist ideological and moral norms, labor concept, socialist democracy and legal system. The contents of psychological counseling mainly include: mental health, study and life, intellectual development, love and marriage, interpersonal relationship, career choice, personality evaluation, psychological barriers, behavioral barriers, abnormal psychology and so on. (4) Different pricing methods. Moral education mainly adopts persuasion, collective education, environmental edification, practical exercise and other methods. It has the characteristics of openness and mass. Psychological counseling focuses on revealing the world, suggestion, free association, role transformation and other methods. It has the characteristics of personalization, confidentiality and educators' listening. (5) Through different operating mechanisms, moral education is a kind of? Norm? Process. Individuals passively adapt to the value system and behavior pattern it provides. ? Match? Will publicly affirm and reward. ? Do not match? Will be publicly denied, criticized and punished. Although psychological counseling will also provide students with mental health standards and healthy psychological models for reference, the first thing is to let students learn to transform and construct their own psychological world on the basis of their own acceptance. In psychological counseling, teachers generally have no right to deny students. Teachers always understand, respect, trust and accept students, even those with serious psychological barriers. This is different from the attitude towards students who have made serious political and ideological mistakes in moral education.
3。 The moral education function of psychological consultation. The above points out the connection and difference between moral education and psychological counseling to a certain extent, but what role does psychological counseling play in moral education, or what moral education function does it have?
The first is the compensation function. (1) concept compensation. Psychological consultation further enriches the connotation of moral education concept for moral education workers, and makes it clear that moral education workers are not only leaders, authorities and shapers. And should be a helper and healer. On the one hand. Moral education workers are not only organizers and designers of moral education process, but also students' partners and intimate friends. On the other hand, moral educators don't just impart moral knowledge. It should be the receiver of students' internal information. Therefore, the process of moral education is not only a process based on mastering moral knowledge and cultivating behavior habits, but also a process of paying attention to the development of personality factors such as students' potential and metacognitive ability. (2) Method compensation: Traditional moral education mainly adopts persuasion, example, evaluation and practice to improve students' ideological understanding. Cultivate and develop students' ideology and morality. Although these methods are important, they often overemphasize external influences such as external reinforcement and social requirements in specific applications. And counseling. The status of educators has changed from leader and authority to helper and healer. Therefore, educators often use specific methods in psychoanalysis, behavioral analysis and cognitive analysis, such as catharsis, free association, suggestion, systematic desensitization, aversion therapy, hypnosis therapy, etc., to explore the subconscious energy in students' psychology, and pay attention to solving personality problems such as psychological obstacles and pathological behaviors by relying on students' own strength, thus promoting the healthy development of students' psychology. (3) Content compensation: Traditional moral education is mainly to enable students to form a correct value orientation at a higher level such as political ideas, dialectical materialism, social morality and legal awareness. It mainly solves students' political stance, philosophical thinking, moral norms and legal consciousness, but often ignores some of the most basic, basic and universal personality contents of students, such as students' social adaptation, career choice, coping with setbacks, Emotional adjustment, interpersonal communication and so on. Psychological counseling itself is an important means to improve and develop personality. The content of its implementation provides compensation for the content of moral education.
The second is the guiding function. (1) Psychological counseling provides an objective basis for moral education in the study of objects. For example, through the common means and methods in psychological counseling, such as testing, venting, free association and so on. Master students? Internal conflict? 、? Psychological crisis? 、? Behavior disorder? And it is helpful to analyze the positive and negative factors in students' personality and make moral education more targeted. (2) It provides a theoretical basis for this method. Traditional moral education requires students to be social roles in social relations. In psychological counseling, we require students to be specific people in interpersonal relationships, emphasize respect for students' personality and understand students' personality defects. Educators are generally not in a hurry to judge the ideological and behavioral problems exposed by students, but to discuss with students the appropriate ways to solve the problems, help students overcome psychological obstacles and establish courage and confidence in life.
The third is the adjustment function. (1) Overcome the barriers of meaning. The internal factor that affects the educational effect is the psychological state of students when they are educated. The so-called obstacles to students' meaning refer to the existence of some ideological or psychological factors, which hinder students' understanding of moral requirements and meaning, and thus show negative attitudes and behaviors to educational goals, measures and means to varying degrees? It is inevitable that students will have obstacles to meaning. Educators will generally not get good results if they adopt inappropriate methods, such as suppression and punishment. Even make students have rebellious psychology. If we adopt some psychological counseling methods. Such as drainage, suggestion, role conversion and other methods, the effect will definitely be better. (2) Establish a good mood. Emotion is characterized by diffusion. If you are in a good mood, you will feel that everything around you is full of vitality. Happy mood: is it possible when you are depressed? Tears when you see flowers? 、? Sad for the moon? . Therefore, a good mood is conducive to mobilizing people's enthusiasm and improving the efficiency of activities. Psychological counseling can improve students' bad mood. Guide them to adjust their mentality through self-suggestion, proper venting, distraction and other ways to achieve the harmonious unity of personality development and environment. (3) correct mental illness. At present, many students have various physiological and psychological reactions because they can't adapt to the complex social environment, such as phobia, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression and so on. General medical measures can only alleviate symptoms, and it is impossible to fundamentally solve the problem by moral education. However, if some behavioral therapy methods in counseling are adopted, it can help them overcome some behavioral obstacles, thus further improving their mood and eliminating bad physical and mental symptoms.
Thirdly, the role conflict and unity between moral education and psychological counseling.
In practical work, both moral educators and psychological counselors often have conflicts of multiple roles.
The first is the conflict on the basis of work. As a moral education worker's role experience, the work is based on relatively certain political views, philosophical thoughts and moral standards. They are often used to educate students to master its connotation, evaluate their own behavior, let students make value judgments, and achieve the purpose of education through reinforcement. As a psychological counselor, role experience is based on fully respecting and understanding students' outlook on life, values and personality, rather than imposing their own outlook on life and standards of truth, goodness and beauty on students. Therefore, in practical work. Often appear? Value orientation? Views and? Value neutrality? Conflicting views.
Secondly, the conflict of work focus. It shows that the focus of moral education lies in emphasizing individual social attributes, social and political concepts, world outlook, values and moral norms, and tends to the value orientation of social standard. Psychological counseling pays attention to the natural attributes of individuals, emphasizes the development of students' internal needs and instincts, and helps students establish a correct life orientation and achieve independence. Self-control realization. Tend to the value orientation of individual standard. So at work, it often appears. Social interests first? Or by? Personal interests first? Conflicts and conflicts.
There are conflicts in principle. Working principle is the guarantee of working guiding ideology, and moral education requires educators to have a keen eye and a strong sense of responsibility. When problems are found, they should be reported to relevant parties in time, get in touch with relevant personnel and solve the problems as soon as possible. Open? Principles of education. Psychological counseling is just the opposite. ? Secret? Is the first principle of psychological counseling. In the process of psychological counseling, students confide their inner secrets to psychological counselors with confidence, expecting sympathy and help. Confidentiality for visiting students is the professional ethics of psychological counselors, and it is also an important guarantee for psychological counseling to gain students' trust, achieve results and improve its reputation. So, do you have a job? Be honest? Secret? Conflict of principles.
In the face of various role conflicts between moral educators and psychological counselors, we should broaden our horizons, find a breakthrough to reduce conflicts and coordinate development, effectively promote the connection between psychological counseling and moral education, and improve students' quality as human beings.
Because it can be seen from the practice of students' psychological counseling. The key to solving students' psychological problems lies in changing their cognitive bias. This requires students to analyze their true inner feelings from the perspective of philosophy, grasp the formation law of students' ideological and moral character from the perspective of moral education, understand the main contradictions of students' psychological development from the perspective of psychology, and find out the causes of some common psychological problems among students in Chu. As well as the misunderstanding in thinking and understanding, put yourself in the shoes of the students and want to look at it. This requires educators to have excellent ideological quality, good psychological quality and reasonable knowledge structure, and to seriously study and master psychological laws. Effectively improve our existing working mode. Only in this way can the contradiction and research between psychological counseling and moral education be reduced. So as to do a good job of psychological counseling and moral education for students. Make the two organically unified.
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