Longquan celadon kiln site is a famous celadon kiln site in ancient southern China, which is mainly distributed in Lishui area of Zhejiang Province and its surrounding counties such as Wuyi, Yongjia, Wencheng and Taishun, among which Longquan County has the densest kiln site, and more than 300 kiln sites have been found. Longquan kiln was built in the early Northern Song Dynasty and fired in the late Southern Song Dynasty, reaching its peak. Mainly firing dishes, bowls, pots and other daily necessities and imitation jade, imitation copper porcelain and statues.
Characteristics of celadon kiln site
Longyao kiln, a large-scale kiln site, has been exposed, which is the best-preserved and clearest-cut relic of the Song Dynasty kiln site excavated in Zhejiang. There are 1 Longyao kilns exposed in the kiln site area, dating from the mid-Northern Song Dynasty to the early Southern Song Dynasty. The serial number is Y 1, the inclined length is 72.32m, and the direction is 152. Except for the collapse of the kiln roof, other structures are well preserved and clearly laid out, which are composed of the workshop in front of the kiln, the fire room, the kiln bed, the smoke exhaust room, the kiln shed and other structures.
The working room in front of the kiln is irregular and round, and the two sides are built into protective walls with saggers, and the rear part is connected with the furnace position; The fire chamber is semi-circular in plane and has a fire chamber wall on the back; There are a lot of mats left on the kiln bed, mostly M-shaped saggers, which are arranged neatly and regularly, and there are some collapsed fragments on the kiln roof (the kiln roof is made of strip bricks). The kiln wall is made of saggers and bricks.
There are 12 kiln doors on the east side of the kiln bed, all of which are distributed in the shape of an external figure, with a distance of 2.8~8.7 meters; The smoke exhaust room is located at the back of the kiln, and its plane is trapezoidal. There is a fireworks alley at the bottom of the front end and a flue at the back. The flue is made of saggers and bricks. Pillar stones were found on both sides of the kiln, which should be the remains of the kiln shed. Among them, 8 were found in the east, 7 in the west, and 1 in the south, all of which were distributed symmetrically from east to west except a few.
In which province of China is Anyang Sui Dynasty kiln site located? Anyang Sui Dynasty kiln site is located in Henan Province, China.
Anyang Kiln is located in Anyang City, Henan Province, near Anyang Bridge in the northern suburb of the city, hence the name. After small-scale trial excavation, it was initially identified as the site of Sui Dynasty celadon kiln. Based on this, it can be determined that some celadon unearthed from Sui tomb in Anyang area was produced in this kiln. In 1950s, the kiln sites of Song and Yuan Dynasties were also found in Fuer Town, Shan Ying. The former specialized in firing Jun porcelain, while the latter fired white porcelain. Erzhen is close to Cizhou Kiln, but no porcelain with Cizhou Kiln style has been found.
Composition of cosmetic soil
"Anyang kiln porcelain is the first to use protective glaze, which is a precedent for China porcelain to use decorative layer (cosmetic soil). The use of white protective glaze is of epoch-making significance in the history of porcelain making in China. "
The so-called cosmetic soil is that a layer of white and delicate porcelain clay with little or no iron content is applied to the carcass as tire protection glaze before the porcelain is glazed, which can not only overcome the shortcomings of rough surface of porcelain, but also cover up the mottled or black spots caused by impurities in the tire material.
Glaze layer with glassy characteristics and white protective glaze matrix can improve the vividness of glaze color and the degree of glass texture. Most of the bowls, plates, cups, bottles and other utensils unearthed from Sui tombs in Anyang adopted this new technology.
The raw materials of Anyang kiln porcelain generally contain iron. Due to the different structure or weight of iron-containing oxides, the glaze color is also different. Anyang kiln artisans explored the role of iron and gradually mastered the content of iron, thus firing blue glazed porcelain such as blue flashing yellow, blue white, bean green, light blue, yellow green, blue gray and blue brown.
Where is the origin of celadon? The origin is not fixed, and there are both north and south.
Primitive celadon appeared as early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. After the development in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was a major breakthrough in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Southern celadon is generally hard and delicate, light gray, and its glaze color is crystal clear and pure, which is often described as ice-like. Northern celadon has heavy matrix, strong glass texture, large fluidity, fine glaze opening and bluish yellow glaze color.
Extended data:
Technological characteristics of celadon;
A famous traditional porcelain in China. Green glaze (green glaze with iron as colorant) is applied to the green body and fired in reducing flame.
China ancient porcelain, such as pale green porcelain, emerald of Qianfeng, wormwood, emerald green and pink green, all refer to this kind of porcelain. Yue kiln in Tang dynasty, Longquan kiln, official kiln, Ru kiln and Yaozhou kiln in Song dynasty all belong to celadon system.
Celadon is famous for its delicate porcelain, bright and smooth lines, dignified and simple shape and pure and beautiful color. The "flower in porcelain", which is "green as jade, bright as a mirror and loud as a chime", is worthy of being a treasure in porcelain, rare and precious.
Reference source: Baidu Encyclopedia-Celadon
Xiangzhou Kiln in Sui Dynasty, which province is it now? Anyang in northern Henan Province was called Xiangzhou in Sui and Tang Dynasties. In 580 AD, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty renamed Anyang Xiangzhou. The kiln site is named after the place, so the Sui porcelain kiln site discovered in Anyang City is also called "Xiangzhou kiln".
Celadon Where is the famous ancient porcelain in China? Also known as "celadon". Porcelain that is green or bluish yellow after high temperature firing is called celadon. Celadon in China has experienced primitive celadon and early celadon, and it is generally believed that it entered a mature stage in the Eastern Han Dynasty 1,800 years ago. So the celadon referred to here generally refers to mature celadon. Zhejiang is the birthplace of China celadon. Porcelain kilns with mature celadon were found in Shangyu, Deqing, Yuyao, Ningbo, Shaoxing, Xiaoshan and Yongjia in Zhejiang. Celadon unearthed from Xiaoxiantan kiln site in Shangyu County at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty represents the firing level of this period. Celadon unearthed from Xiaoxiantan has compact embryo, good light transmittance and low water absorption, and its firing temperature reaches1260℃-1310℃. The surface of the device is glazed, the combination of fetal glaze is firm, the glaze layer is transparent, the luster is bright, elegant and beautiful. During the Wu and Western Jin Dynasties, the firing level of celadon rose rapidly. Yue kilns in Shangyu, Shaoxing, Yuyao, Ningbo and Xiaoshan in Zhejiang, Ou kilns in Wenzhou and Wuzhou kilns in Jinhua have become the main producing areas of celadon. Junshan Kiln in Yixing, Jiangsu, and also produced in parts of Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, celadon production had spread all over Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Shandong and other places, and more than 270 kiln sites were found on the slopes on both sides of the Cao 'e River in Zhejiang. Celadon is still the main porcelain in Sui Dynasty, and the important kiln sites are Anyang kiln and Gongxian kiln in Henan Province. Gabi Village Kiln, Cixian County, Hebei Province; An Wei Huainan Kiln; Xiangyin kiln in Hunan and Qionglai kiln in Sichuan. Celadon still played an important role in the Tang Dynasty. Yue Kiln, Ou Kiln and Wuzhou Kiln in Zhejiang; Yue Zhouyao Kiln and Changsha Kiln in Hunan; Hongzhou Kiln in Jiangxi and Caijialong Kiln in Jiujiang; Linchuan White Lake Kiln; Fujian Annan Kiln and Jiangle Kiln; Guangdong Chaoan Kiln, Sanshui Dongkou Kiln, Xinhui Yamen Guanchong Kiln, Sichuan Chengdu Qingyang Palace Kiln and Qionglai Kiln were the main producing areas at that time. The world-famous Yue kiln celadon flourished in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. Its products are delicate and clean, with glaze colors such as ice and jade, rich shapes and elegant patterns. It is also called "southern blue and northern white" with the northern Xingyao white porcelain. After the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, Yue Kiln declined and Longquan celadon rose. At the same time, celadon from Yaozhou Kiln, Ruyao Kiln, Linru Kiln and Bianjing Official Kiln in the north rose suddenly and reached a high firing level. Longquan powder green glaze and Meiqing reached the highest level of green glaze firing in the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, celadon gradually declined due to the appearance of blue-and-white porcelain and the rise of colored porcelain.