Introduction to 0
Architecture and technology are inextricably linked, and the new technological revolution represented by information technology has a more profound impact on architecture and architectural creation. At the end of the 20th century, the schools of architecture in the world were divided and diversified, and the concept of architectural creation was constantly renovated, which led to the evolution of architectural art forms. At the turn of the century, there are two new characteristics: on the one hand, a series of problems such as environmental damage and energy crisis have made people feel the limitations and helplessness of technology, which has triggered reflection on technology, technical thinking and concepts in the architectural field; On the other hand, the rapid development of information technology, the influence of science and technology on the field of architectural design, and the tendency of architectural creation that pays attention to technical expression are greatly changing social life, and the new technological revolution has developed to a critical state. On the road of exploring architectural innovation, people have been pursuing an idealized paradise. The architect's unique design makes the density, angle, orientation and radian of each figure carefully studied, making them more flexible and more vital. However, even if a great architect has a crazy mind, he cannot do without the solid backing of technology.
1 development history of building technology
The development of architectural technology can be summarized into three stages: the initial manual stage, the technical stage with industrialization as the core, and now it is moving towards the high-tech stage with informationization as the core. Three scientific and technological revolutions correspond to three architectural technological revolutions. The first technological revolution was a revolution in material technology and structural technology. The second technological revolution is the equipment technology revolution. The third technological revolution is the information technology revolution. The development of high-tech architecture and the application of high-tech in architecture make the forms of today's architecture more colorful.
2 the attributes of building technology
2. 1 essential attribute
Building technology contains many aspects of knowledge, including construction technology, structural design and so on. It uses cutting-edge science and technology to complete various problems in building construction. From natural caves to artificial dwellings, the structure is from simple to complex, and the function is from single to comprehensive. With the progress of science and technology, building materials, building tools and construction machinery have been developed. The completion of a building can not be separated from architectural technology, and a world-famous building needs super-high-level architectural technology to complete.
2.2 Natural attributes
Nowadays, buildings growing on the ground often appear in various architectural forums, advocating the perfect integration of architecture and natural environment. Architecture, like growing on the ground, is intimate with nature, which makes each other interesting, so the ecology of architectural technology has been put on the agenda for a long time. Ecological technology is applied to architectural creation, and embodies the positive thought of natural heaven, and constantly develops a variety of technologies, which are naturally reflected in architecture, and finally strives to find the deep connection between architecture and nature. Organic architecture advocates nature and gives life to architecture. Nature is the foundation of organic architecture and the source of inspiration for its design. Wright's masterpiece "Flowing Water Villa", an advocate of organic architecture Theory, is a perfect embodiment of the integration of architecture and nature (figure 1). Any living organism, its external form and internal form and structure provide natural and undamaged ideological enlightenment for design, and the internal charm brought by ecological technology makes people feel cordial and enterprising, and then reveals poetic feelings.
2.3 artistic attributes
Architectural art refers to the use of the unique artistic language of architectural art, in accordance with the law of beauty, so that the architectural image has cultural and aesthetic value, symbolic and formal beauty, reflecting nationality and sense of the times. In addition to technology, scientific level and reasonable function distribution, it also needs spiritual sustenance and enlightenment. But at present, most buildings are indifferent, and technology only stays in the state of pursuing form. Renzo? Renzo piano pointed out that 2 1 century is a magical century of science and technology, and human beings are facing ecological challenges. 2 1 century will be more brilliant if we choose the appropriate technical route and creatively use advanced technology.
3.2 Status of Green Ecological Buildings
In order to meet the arrival of the global knowledge economy era in 2 1 century, the industrial structure in the world today has changed to high growth value and knowledge-intensive. The rise and development of ecological green intelligent buildings meet the needs of social informatization and economic and industrial structure. It has become an irresistible historical trend to apply new technologies to ecological building design.
3.3 Thoughts on Green Building
The natural environment is the basic condition for human survival. With the rapid growth of population and productivity, the rapid development of science and technology, and the over-exploitation of land, the natural ecological balance has been severely impacted and destroyed, and the endless ravages of human beings on nature have been punished. The Wenchuan earthquake in China and Sichuan and the Indian Ocean tsunami are inevitable disasters for human beings. After the disaster, people are also reflecting. As an important means of architectural creation and the source of creative modeling, the artistic technique is closely related to architecture and art ... China architecture system is an independent building with wood structure, which has made brilliant achievements in urban planning, architectural groups, single buildings, artistic treatment of materials and structures, etc. However, the performance of architectural art can not be separated from the continuous updating of technology. The innovative application of prefabricated structure technology, the full play of material potential and the emphasis on fine detail structure are important features of its architectural design, and the creative process of architectural art is also a process of technological exploration and innovation.
3 the development direction of building technology
3. 1 current situation of building technology
What is innovation? What is the relationship between functional and aesthetic design and innovation? If you put your energy into the research and development of science and technology blindly, it will cause insufficient spiritual needs. Human beings are emotional animals, and human emotions are an important part. Architectural works with human emotions can give people a brand-new interactive experience, reflect users' emotions and inspire users. The pursuit of form and technology in architectural technology at the end of the 20th century made architecture divorced from nature and human emotions. Therefore, a good design should not only have an attractive appearance, but also make the visual excess and extravagance of the building look so pale and powerless when the disaster comes. People can't help but explore again what the original intention of architecture should be. In recent years, people vigorously advocate green ecological architecture and integrate it into the construction industry with the concept of sustainable development. The American Institute of Architects (AIA) has successively selected green building awards. After the natural disaster of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans, tulane university launched the Green Movement and vigorously advocated sustainable design as an important architectural strategy.
As a green building, of course, its green color is not only reflected in the appearance color, but also in its inherent green ecological concept. Through the vision of sustainable development, architects can reduce the negative impact on the natural environment, and use ecological building technology to create a healthy and comfortable living environment for people, in harmony with the surrounding natural environment. 2 1 century, architects found a new way out in architectural creation. In the space world, they not only carried out rational exploration, but also built a truly ecological soul habitat with human respect for nature.
3.4 Application of Building Technology in Green Ecological Building
Caofeidian international eco-city
In 2002, the World Conference on Sustainable Development (WWSD) held in Johannesburg introduced the research on sustainable building development in Sweden for the first time. Subsequently, the wind of building an ecologically sustainable city swept the world. At the beginning of 2007, Tangshan City, Hebei Province, China started the survey and site selection, planning and design of Caofeidian Eco-city, and Caofeidian International Eco-city advocated the concept and method of systematically solving the urban problems. This method is helpful to avoid local optima and make the development of new city obtain environmental, economic, social and spatial benefits.
Tangshan Caofeidian International Eco-city, with an overall planning area of 150km2, is located in the east of Caofeidian New District, 5km west of Caofeidian Industrial Zone and 25km east of Haigang Development Zone. Adjacent to Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, 220km from Beijing, 80km from Tianjin 120km from Tangshan,170km; From Qinhuangdao; Excellent traffic location conditions. The whole project planning shows people a series of innovative ideas of environmental protection: resource management center, which mainly manages urban energy, water circulation, garbage disposal and other ecosystems in an integrated way. Specifically, it is to establish urban ecological recycling facilities including sewage treatment plant, biogas recovery system, garbage incineration plant, cogeneration equipment, reclaimed water recovery system, garbage recovery system and ecological energy utilization system in the same place, so as to improve the intensive use of urban land and benefit the city. Science and education city-an international education base that vigorously develops water-saving and emission-reduction projects, environmental protection projects, ecological real estate projects, and industrial needs of ports and industrial zones; Qinglong Lake Resort, covering an area of about 333.33km2, is a trinity of forest park+leisure+holiday, and an advanced ecological leisure resort in northern China. Center for Sustainable Development-Focus on the core technologies and concepts of eco-city. This building combines the world's most advanced energy-saving systems and architectural concepts, and will be built into a new model building with intelligence, green, ecology, environmental protection and energy conservation, providing a research platform for the long-term coordinated development of environment and energy in China and a technical demonstration platform for the next generation of energy-saving buildings. Caofeidian's environmental protection orientation: not to take away a wisp of waste gas, not to discharge a drop of waste water and not to throw away a piece of waste residue. As the first batch of industrial parks developing circular economy and the only newly-built industrial park in China, Caofeidian's strategic positioning is: the city of the future. What is the city of the future? It is a brand-new city with harmonious industry and environment, harmonious man and nature and sustainable development. Caofeidian International Eco-city is an eco-city located in the blue harbor. In the near future, it will be built into a highly open, prosperous and civilized city of the future, a city of cultural, institutional and environmental innovation, an ecological city with coordinated development of industry, resources and life, and a happy city with developed economy, technology and services.
3.4.2 Malaysian Minaya Tower
Turning a building green may be 2-5 percentage points higher than the original cost, but the savings brought by energy efficiency can offset this cost. Minaya Tower (Figure 4) is a typical example of ecological architecture, designed by architect Yang Jingwen.
Hanging Garden is one of the symbols of Minaya Tower. Compared with other buildings of the same scale in China, its design can save energy by 70%. Its main (ecological) design features:
(1) The hanging garden starts from a 3-storey plant greening berm and spirals up along the building surface (the hanging garden is set every 3 floors on the plane until the building roof);
(2) Atrium, so that cold air can pass through the redundant space of the building;
(3) Green planting provides a cool and oxygen-rich environmental space for buildings;
(4) The curved glass wall regulates the daily radiation heat for the north and south sides of the building. Structural details make light green glass a ventilation filter, so that the room is not completely closed;
⑤ Each floor office is equipped with an external balcony and a high sliding door to control the degree of natural ventilation;
⑥ All buildings, elevators and bathrooms are naturally lit and ventilated;
⑦ The roof terrace is covered with steel-aluminum supporting structure, which provides shading and natural lighting for the curved roof of the roof swimming pool and the top gym (solar cells may be installed in the future);
8 The closed room forms a core tube, and the dark space is eliminated through the setting of communication space;
Pet-name ruby an automatic detection system for reducing energy consumption of equipment and air conditioning system.
Engels pointed out that natural history and human history are interdependent. Therefore, architects must pay attention to and respect the laws of nature while paying attention to the development of human society. Malaysian Minaya Mansion is based on the local natural ecological environment, applying the scientific principles of ecology and building technology, and adopting modern scientific means to rationally arrange and organize the relationship between the building and other related factors, so as to organically combine it with the environment.
Sustainable community
If green is regarded as a major feature of building materials, it is bound to run through the whole design process or become the basis of design. The sustainable community shown in Figure 5 is a perfectionist in design. Every layer, every direction and even every dimension is wrapped in a green coat, which can be said to be sustainable to the end. In the end, an endless Mobius belt will be presented to us, and all the buildings in the community are perfectly intertwined.
Sustainable community, based on the principle of sustainable development, comprehensively considers social, economic and environmental factors, and balances and integrates society; High-level and prescient planning concept and design level leave room for future development and meet the needs of contemporary and future generations; Respect the environment, pay attention to ecology, use modern planning concepts combined with scientific and technological means to save energy and increase efficiency; Respect social multiculturalism and people from different classes, advocate * * * integration and extensive exchanges; The core is to stimulate the community's own vitality and update its adjustment ability, and form a lasting and prosperous community culture and a safe and healthy community environment.
4 conclusion
With the development of society, both architectural creation and technology will become more humanized with the pace of human civilization. Architects are using modernist ideas and abstract language to generalize things in the environment into geometric bodies and express them in the form of space. Approaching it, we will find ourselves completely immersed in the art of thinking, unconsciously visualizing these geometric bodies and simulating them into a familiar world. In recent years, the theory of eco-architecture and eco-city construction is based on the principle of natural ecology, exploring the relationship between people, architecture and nature, and creating the most comfortable, reasonable and sustainable environmental theory for human beings. Ecological architecture is the development direction of architectural design in 2 1 century.
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