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Source: Everything is wrong,
polysemy
introduce
Han Fei
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Main idea
The meaning of problem solving
Source: Everything is wrong,
polysemy
introduce
Han Fei
translate
Give inspiration
Main idea
The meaning of problem solving
Original text:
Wisdom (1) suspects neighbors.
There were rich people in the Song Dynasty, but it rained and the wall was broken. His son said, "If you don't build ⑤, there will be thieves." His neighbor's father is Yun, too. 7 If you die at dusk, you will lose money. Your family is very clear, but you doubt your neighbor's father.
[Edit this paragraph] Source:
Selected from
Everything is wrong,
Author Han Fei, a famous thinker at the end of the Warring States Period, was a representative of Legalism. Koreans at the end of the Warring States Period
Precautions:
Wisdom: smart, which means "as smart as ..."
(2) Song: refers to the Song State.
3 Rain: Rain, (ancient and modern) rain. When nouns are used as verbs, they are used in a conative way.
4 bad: destruction.
⑤ Construction: repair.
Yi Yun: Say the same thing. Cloud: Say; Yea: Yea.
⑦ Dusk: At night.
8 fruit: Sure enough.
Pet-name ruby death: loss.
10) doubt: doubt.
⑾ Father: fǔ, the old man.
[Edit this paragraph] is ambiguous.
1. Twilight: Night
old
2. Fruit: Sure enough
melons and fruit
3. Death: loss
run away
4. He/she
general idea
5. One: He/She
about
Modal auxiliary words: no translation
Go, arrive
[Edit this paragraph] Introduction
Han Feizi's allusion "A wise man doubts his neighbor" is usually used as a secular lesson. It's raining heavily on the wall. My son said to be careful against theft, and so did his neighbors. It was stolen that night, so in the owner's view, the son is alert and the neighbor is suspicious.
[Edit this paragraph] Han Feizi
Han Feizi: Han Feizi has two explanations. One refers to Han Fei, a famous Korean philosopher and legalist representative at the end of the Warring States Period; Two refers to a book, which was compiled by later generations after Han Fei's death by collecting his legacy and adding articles about Han Fei's theory.
Han Feizi is the work of Han Fei, a Korean legalist at the end of the Warring States Period. This book consists of 55 articles with more than 100,000 words, most of which are Han Fei's own works.
Han Feizi, a book, focuses on promoting the rule of law theory combining illegality, technology and power in South Korea, reaching the peak of legalist theory in the pre-Qin period, providing a theoretical weapon for the Qin State to unify the six countries, and also providing a theoretical basis for the later feudal autocratic system.
Han Fei's simple dialectical thought is also outstanding. He first put forward the theory of contradiction, using the fable story of spear and shield to illustrate the truth that "indestructible shield and indestructible spear cannot coexist" It is worth mentioning that the book Han Feizi records a large number of fables, among which the most famous ones are Contradictions, Waiting for the Rabbit, Medical Taboos, Cramming, and Old Horse Knowing the Way. These vivid fables contain profound philosophies, which give people wisdom and enlightenment with their perfect combination of ideology and artistry, and have high literary value. Han Fei's article is rigorous in reasoning, sharp in writing, thorough in discussion, well-founded and to the point. For example, in the article Zheng Wu, there are as many as 47 ways to analyze the demise of a country, which is really rare. The two articles "Difficult to Speak" and "Difficult to Speak" try to figure out the speaker's psychology and how to avoid congenial feelings and nuance.
At that time, Confucianism and Mohism were regarded as prominent scholars in China's ideological circle, and advocated "the king's law first" and "retro". Han Feizi's point of view is to oppose retro and advocate adapting to the times. According to the situation at that time, Han Feizi advocated the rule of law and put forward four strategies: heavy reward, heavy punishment, heavy agriculture and heavy war. Han Feizi advocated divine right. Since the Qin Dynasty, the ideas of governing the country in China's feudal dynasties have been deeply influenced by Han Feizi's theory.
From the neighbor's point of view, good intentions are not rewarded, and return to simple words. From then on, the world is worldly, and silence is golden. Not on this floor. The strategic orientation of the college entrance examination composition proposition says, "Is there a relationship between the closeness of emotions and the depth of cognition of things?" What kind of relationship is it? Candidates are required to write a composition on the topic of "emotional intimacy and cognition of things" This clearly shows that it is wrong to criticize host families. The same opinion, because the distance between relatives and friends is different, the attitude is different. The so-called "thin people are suspicious." In other words, intimacy is an obstacle, which prevents the host family from knowing the truth.
In fact, Han Fei didn't mean to criticize the master of "Naoko is suspicious of his neighbor". This fable is found in the article "Difficult", which means how difficult it is to convince others, because everyone's situation is different. This is a fact accepted by Han Fei, so his main goal is to study matters needing attention that can help others listen to opinions. Shallow understanding is one of the matters needing attention, so the original intention of Han Fei's fable is to criticize neighbors.
Han Fei's "thin people are suspicious" accepted as a fact has a more technical explanation today. The statement that "everyone is in a different position" is replaced by economic language, that is, the asymmetric state of information leads to different transaction costs, which affects everyone's judgment and behavior choice. All the efforts made by Han Feizi in "Saying Difficult" are the problems that information economics tries to solve today, that is, how to make the other party tell the truth, make the other party believe his words and finally reach a contract with the other party under the condition of asymmetric information.
In fact, no one but God can criticize the thief's suspicion. Because God knows who did it and none of us know it, we can't make irresponsible remarks before solving the case. However, Han Feizi's story-telling was wicked, and he didn't say anything about solving the case in the end. This suspicion has always been reasonable. The difference between "proximity" and "proximity" has two meanings, both of which constitute an important way for our price analysis, not an obstacle. One is the difference in interest positions. He is wise not to doubt his son because he is the beneficiary and heir of property rights. Unless there is another problem in the relationship between father and son, his son obviously lacks a reasonable interest motive for theft. The second is the asymmetry of information. A considerable part of the transaction cost is the cost of mutual understanding and establishing a trust mechanism. "Pro" means that the cost is very low, and "sparse" means that the cost is high. Therefore, before the establishment of modern legal order and credit system, the radius of transaction can not go beyond the circle of "closeness" (differential order pattern) and extend to the environment of strangers.
What kind of person is my son? I know it very well, but I don't know what kind of people my neighbors are. This is a reasonable basis for suspicion. An important detail is that before the incident, the owner's suggestion to the two did not favor one side because of their closeness. Neighbors "suspected" after the incident. Let's imagine that it is only a few short hours from the broken wall to the theft. Only a few people know this fact for a long time and take advantage of it. The ancients had a vast territory and few people, and the neighborhood was originally small. The population mobility is poor, and the foreign population will be very eye-catching. The case was handed over to the police in the United States, Britain, Russia or Java. According to the existing clues, this neighbor will also be the most important suspect.
In a culture without the rule of law, "being suspected" is a kind of humiliation, which may even directly lead to judicial presumption of guilt or interpersonal discrimination. In fact, this is the deep cultural and psychological factor that "the wise son suspects his neighbor" is criticized. In the culture of rule of law, "doubt" is a reasonable and generous attitude. If there is no doubt that the other party may breach the contract, the contract may not be signed. If there is no doubt that the government will abuse power, then there is no need for constitutional democracy. And you can do business with your parents without signing a contract. You can't say that people have poor legal awareness for no reason. Because the cost of not signing a contract may be lower. This is the same as Naoko's suspicion of his neighbors.
The rule of law is such a framework, which accommodates and even encourages calm questioning, but it seems to be "lenient and strict" to strictly control the adverse consequences of questioning with evidence and procedures. You can also imagine another scene where the police will politely say to the neighbors, "I'm sorry, this is just a routine." Do you have an alibi for that night? "The neighbor replied," you're welcome. It is the duty of a good citizen to assist you in your investigation. ".
[Edit this paragraph] Translation
There was a rich man in the state of Song. His wall collapsed because of the heavy rain. His son said, "If we don't build it quickly, thieves will come in." The old man next door said the same thing. (But rich people don't listen. I really lost a lot of property that night. The family admired their son's cleverness, but suspected that the old man next door had stolen it.
[Edit this paragraph] Enlightenment
It warns people that when giving correct advice to others, we should consider the relationship between ourselves and the listener, otherwise it will cause unnecessary trouble. Or: just listen to the correct opinions, don't look at who put forward the opinions, and don't be biased against people.
[Edit this paragraph] topic
It warns people that if they don't respect the facts and only regard intimacy and goodwill as the criteria for judging right and wrong, they will make subjective guesses and draw wrong conclusions, which may harm themselves. From the perspective of the elderly in the neighborhood, tell us to give advice to others and try our best to make others accept it. It is incorrect that the same thing happens to different people but is treated differently. Justice and seeking truth from facts.
[Edit this paragraph] Answer to the question
What is the function of the sentence "If you don't build, there will be thieves"?
This sentence is the main harm of the story. It was said by "his son" and "the neighbor's father", but they were treated differently because of their different identities. Praise your son, but doubt your neighbor's father.
meaning
It warns people: when giving correct advice to others, we should consider the relationship between ourselves and the listener, otherwise it will cause unnecessary trouble. )
Open classification:
Translation, fable
[I will perfect it]
Related terms of "Naoko is suspicious of neighbors":
more
The prejudice of Song people is better than the death of sheep.
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