With the acceleration of urbanization in China, commercial pedestrian streets are gradually established in various cities and are favored by people. The research on landscape architecture design of commercial pedestrian street has been paid more and more attention, which is of great significance to the construction of commercial pedestrian street.
1 the origin and development of pedestrian street
1. 1 the starting point of the pedestrian street
The development of commercial street has a long history, which can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty hundreds of years ago. At that time, the country was rich and the people were safe, and commodity trading was unprecedented, especially in Chang 'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty. Chang 'an has almost become a gathering place for commodity trading, and the earliest commercial street model is "city". In Song Dynasty, with the appearance and development of silver ticket, the development of commodity economy became more and more active. Almost every place has a fixed trading center, and the word "street" has gradually replaced the previous "city". The evolution and development of commercial street is a long process, and now it has become the main symbol of a city's prosperity. The leap from "city" to "street" and then to "commercial pedestrian street" has produced changes from "transaction" to "shopping" and then to "leisure and entertainment"
1.2 Features and functions of commercial pedestrian street
Commercial pedestrian street refers to a city's commodity trading center, which is characterized by a wide variety of shops, abundant commodities and various types, focusing on service transactions, and is the starting point for understanding a city's image. Whether the commercial pedestrian street is established successfully or not will directly affect the impression brought by this city. The famous commercial streets in China are Chunxi Road in Chengdu, Guanggu Pedestrian Street in Wuhan and Ximending in Taipei.
2 commercial pedestrian street landscape architecture design
2. 1 Contents and characteristics of landscape design
Landscape architecture design refers to the arrangement and layout of landscape elements in a certain place under the condition of rational use and arrangement of land, so that it has artistic value and aesthetic value. This kind of architectural design has certain autonomy and initiative. Landscape architecture design involves public domain, architecture domain, environment domain and art domain, from ecological planning and regional landscape planning to urban greening, natural landscape and historical and cultural landscape utilization and protection. , all belong to landscape architecture design. The landscape of commercial pedestrian street is one of the important parts of urban construction, and its quality often determines people's first impression of the city.
There are many things that need attention in the landscape design of commercial pedestrian streets, such as the rationality and regularity of streets, the harmony of colors, the artistry of buildings and so on. When designing the architectural landscape of commercial pedestrian street, many aspects should be considered, including pavement, public facilities, sculpture, greening and so on. Only by arranging the layout reasonably can these things present a harmonious state and highlight the artistic effect. The ultimate goal of landscape construction of commercial pedestrian street is to meet people's psychological needs and improve people's aesthetic ability and appreciation ability. Therefore, landscape architecture design should present certain characteristics and show and inherit the city's regional history and culture.
2.2 elements of landscape design of commercial pedestrian street
(1) The design of commercial pedestrian street should have a clear theme. For example, Harbin Central Street is the longest and largest pedestrian street in Asia at present, and it has been awarded the "highest prize of national living environment example". Central Street is dominated by European architectural style, among which there are many European buildings, which is why it is world-famous. These buildings bring together the essence of western architectural art, making Central Street an art gallery of western architecture. The architectural styles that took hundreds of years to form in the history of western architecture are all gathered in the streets, making Central Street the most famous street in the Far East.
The most fascinating cultural development history in Europe in the past 300 years has been vividly reflected in the central street. Its long history shows the profoundness of architectural art and is rare in the world. The design of commercial pedestrian street should have a clear central theme, so as to unify the style of pedestrian street and become a beautiful landscape of the city without disorder. A good design theme can be the highlight of the whole commercial street.
(2) Street construction also needs to pay attention to the use of color. Some streets will be built with bright warm colors as the theme, which will bring people a very warm feeling and make people feel happy. Spanish style street is full of bright Mediterranean style, with concave and convex stone walls, elegant and chic arched porches and exquisite wrought iron decoration, which constitutes a building complex with both classical atmosphere and modern fashion sense. More importantly, the window eaves of the storefront are in different colors, hidden among the trees, which perfectly reproduces the luxurious and elegant European commercial street style.
(3) Traffic organization system of commercial pedestrian street. The traffic and people flow of the commercial pedestrian street are relatively large, so the location of the pedestrian street, the traffic conditions nearby, the difficulty of parking, the width of the road and other factors should be considered in the design to ensure the smooth external traffic and the comfort of the internal traffic of the pedestrian street. Take Wangfujing Street in Beijing as an example, which is located on the north side of East Chang 'an Street in the center of Beijing. From East Chang 'an Avenue in the south to China Art Museum in the north, the total length is about 1800m, and millions of Chinese and foreign customers enter this street every day. Because of the huge traffic flow, traffic organization system is particularly important. There is a subway station at the entrance of Wangfujing Street, and the bus is very convenient and developed. Commercial streets include dengshikou and Wangfujing stations, with 103, 104, 108, 1 1, 120, 420, 802, 803 and so on.
3 commercial pedestrian street landscape architectural design problems
3. 1 Pay attention to the psychological needs of pedestrians
The design principles of commercial pedestrian street include comprehensive principle, functional principle, commercial principle and people-oriented principle. The people-oriented principle has been fully embodied in some humanized designs of commercial streets, which not only shows the aesthetic feeling of commercial buildings, but also provides people with convenient conditions and good visual enjoyment, which is the ultimate goal of commercial pedestrian street construction. Purpose determines behavior psychology. Pedestrians have different demands for landscape design because of different travel purposes. People who like shopping may pay more attention to the external design and interior decoration of the store, while those who want to engage in entertainment activities will pay more attention to the beauty of entertainment facilities or the external architectural style. What foreign tourists are looking for are characteristic buildings with local characteristics and landmark landscapes, buildings, small commodity displays and characteristic art performances. Commercial pedestrian street should be designed according to the local actual situation and crowd distribution.
3.2 Commerciality and practicality are the basic principles.
As a place for people's daily leisure and entertainment, commercial street should be mainly used for people's consumption and entertainment, and its main purpose should not be ignored because of blind pursuit of beauty. Blind pursuit of artistry and aesthetics, ignoring its practicality and commerciality, will often have a certain impact on the economy. And different landscape buildings have different functions. Designers should satisfy their own functions, be practical, convenient and comfortable, provide hardware facilities for the normal operation of commercial pedestrian streets, and coordinate their appearance with the whole pedestrian street.
3.3 Do a good job in overall planning and design.
The landscapes of commercial pedestrian streets often complement each other, and these buildings cannot be viewed unilaterally. They usually exist in a space to make up for each other's shortcomings and are an organic whole. Before the overall planning and design, an important principle is to deal with the relationship between various landscape architectural design elements, and to have an overall planning with unified overall style but no lack of changes. In terms of spatial layout, we should also have a holistic view. Commercial shops are arranged in a linear way along both sides of the street or in a network or a combination of lines and surfaces, and should not be chaotic. Typical linear layout, such as Tianjin Ancient Culture Street and Shanghai New World; Network layout such as Shanghai Chenghuang Temple and Nanjing Confucius Temple. Hefei Chenghuang Temple is combined with equal lines and planes.
3.4 Pay attention to the integration of regional natural and human landscape.
The architectural landscape design of commercial pedestrian street should fully reflect the regional characteristics, and a good architectural design should be integrated with the local natural landscape and humanistic environment, not abrupt, highlighting the local characteristics, forming a unique tourism culture and leaving a deep impression on people.
The research on the architectural landscape design of commercial pedestrian street is a systematic and huge project. In the landscape design of pedestrian street, it is necessary to combine various artistic techniques and design skills to optimize the design, combine practicality and artistry, and build a commercial pedestrian street that is suitable for the local natural and human landscape according to local characteristics. Relevant personnel need to think and further study, so as to promote the development of landscape design of urban commercial pedestrian street and the development of commercial economy in China.
The above exploration of landscape architecture design of commercial pedestrian street was collected by Zhong Da Consulting.
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