(1) "reverse mortgage" pension. The housing for the elderly is the most widely known and complicated one.
House-to-house pension plan
(2) selling a house for the elderly. Simply put, selling a house for the elderly means "raising a house before the age of 60 and raising people after the age of 60". Before the age of 60, everyone bought a house through savings deposits and mortgage loans, and paid off all the principal and interest of the house before the age of 60 and obtained all the property rights of the house. When he retires at the age of 60, he will sell the property right of the house and support the elderly by selling the surplus value of the house to achieve the purpose of old-age security.
(3) selling a house to support the elderly at home. Special inheritance and support of real estate between parents and children in a family. Parents sell their property to their children while they are alive in exchange for pension funds.
(4) Investing in old-age housing. Use money to invest in the second and above houses, earn money to support the elderly, or use the rental income of rented houses to support the elderly.
(5) Return the investment to the occupied capital. After the developer sells the house to the elderly residents, he will return all the money to the elderly residents year by year within a certain period of time. After the death of elderly residents, developers will take back their houses again. For residents, it can be called "return on investment".
(6) joint venture to buy a house. Old people need to buy a house suitable for the aged. However, when the funds are insufficient, they will jointly purchase houses with other institutions or individuals. After the house is purchased and accepted, the elderly will take the lead in using it. After the death of the old man, the house is handed over to the other party of the joint venture for enjoyment or independent control.
(7) Refund of house purchase and pension. Part of the surplus funds obtained by real estate marketing agencies from large-scale real estate marketing will be returned to buyers, invested in financial institutions to accumulate wealth management, and used as pension funds after customers get old.
(8) Father and son jointly buy houses for the aged. After parents and children buy a house together, they enjoy property rights together with their children. Parents live in the house first and leave the house to their children after death.
(9) father-son relay loan to buy a house for the elderly. Older parents want to borrow money to buy a new house to live in. Due to lack of funds, it is beyond their age to borrow money from banks. So they apply for a loan to buy a house with their children, and the principal and interest of the loan will be paid back by the father and son later.
(10) Providing for the aged in different places. Providing for the aged in different places is to leave one's hometown and go to other more suitable places, or to spend one's old age more economically and reasonably, such as urban to rural, rural to urban, such as traveling to provide for the aged and providing for the aged overseas.
(1 1) basic pension. In areas with superior ecological environment around big cities, a large number of pension bases with perfect facilities and services will be built, and the elderly in cities will be moved to pension bases voluntarily, so that the value of the houses where the elderly originally lived will be converted into cash inflows needed for pension.
(12) apartment for the aged provides for the aged. Old people live in apartments for the elderly, enliven the value of the original houses and pay all kinds of expenses for the apartments.
(13) community pension. The elderly will do other disposal of their houses, live in large elderly communities for themselves, and use the proceeds from property disposal to make up for the rent and living care expenses of the elderly communities.
(14) farmhouse music for the aged. Urban elderly people go to rural areas with superior ecological environment, convenient transportation or relatives, buy houses or rent houses, and live in rural areas for the elderly.
(15) Raising funds for cooperative pension. Wealthy elderly people use their own financial resources to jointly build the old-age care institutions they need, manage and operate in the institutions themselves, and spend their twilight years safely.
(16) Providing for the aged with housing. Through the replacement of housing resources, we can revitalize the housing value or change the living place to better meet the actual situation of the old-age life.
(17) Selling a house for the aged. Old people will sell their houses, live in nursing homes or pension bases, and live a comfortable retirement life.
(18) Selling a house for admission+endowment insurance. This model is based on selling houses and being admitted to hospital. After the old man sells the house, he lives in a nursing home and retires comfortably. The house payment is handed over to the life insurance company to handle whole life insurance products, so as to ensure a life-long worry-free life.
(19) renting a house for the elderly. The old man rented out the house, lived in an old-age care institution with the rent, and handed it over to his children for inheritance after his death in the future.
(20) change the homestead for old-age care. Old farmers live in apartments for the elderly and exchange their homesteads for old-age security.
(2 1) rural housing for urban housing for the elderly. Replace urban apartments with rural homesteads, and replace living security with rural collective land contractual management rights.
(22) Attracting tenants to provide for the aged. Old people have big houses, but few people live in them. Now some vacant rooms are rented out to the elderly.
(23) buy a pension house for the elderly. Old people buy houses suitable for providing for the aged, live in peace of mind for a long time and spend their old age safely.
(24) Living together for the aged. Many like-minded elderly people will redistribute housing resources and live together for the elderly.
(25) entrusted to support the elderly. Children are busy with work all day, and they will entrust others to fulfill their support obligations for their parents.
(26) Legacy support for the elderly. If a lonely old man has no children to rely on in his later years, and he doesn't have much cash to support the elderly, but he has a considerable property, he can sign a contract with a reliable person, and the other party is responsible for his living support. When he died, the rest of his property was left to his supporters as compensation.
(twenty-seven) housing for the elderly. "Give me your house, and I will die for your old age" is a "modern version" of the long-standing legacy of China's civil society and a "revised version" of the developed countries' reverse mortgage real estate pension model.
(28) Housing for the elderly. Old people can choose a house to make a living, get the full amount to invest, get the investment income and then redeem the house, and the rest will be used as pension expenses.
(29) Self-service housing pension. On April 2, 2007, the Beijing News reported that "Shanghai will try to provide self-help housing for the elderly, and the provident fund management center will be the landlord". Unlike reverse mortgage, it changed the owner of the house from the beginning.
(30) VIAGER pension in France. In the French real estate market, there is a new form of payment for buying a house, that is, buying a house by paying a pension. This is the famous Viager system in France, which can also be called a new model of housing for the elderly.
The above 1-9 is the financial pension mode, 10- 15 is the centralized pension mode, 16-24 is the house-changing pension mode, and 25-30 is the entrusted pension mode. All the above models are based on different background assumptions. For details, please refer to Professor Chai Xiaowu of Zhejiang University's books "Providing for the Aged with Houses", "Random Talk on Providing for the Aged with Houses" and "30 Laws on Providing for the Aged with Houses".
This is one of the ways of financial pension and housing pension, which is relatively common abroad and has just started in China. This opinion was written in the form of a pilot. It should be said that this is good news for the elderly and insurance companies. If the pilot is successful, it will be of positive significance to solve the problem of pension funds for the elderly, revitalize existing housing resources and expand the business of insurance companies.
House-to-house pension plan
In this regard, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Civil Affairs said that the State Council issued the "Opinions" in order to actively respond to the aging population and continuously meet the growing demand for aged care services for the elderly. At the same time, it is of great significance to expand domestic demand, increase employment and promote the development of service industry.
"Carrying out the pilot project of reverse mortgage pension insurance for the elderly", that is, the so-called "providing for the elderly with housing", is just a sentence in "improving investment and financing policies" and is definitely a pilot project. In the division of key tasks released at the same time as the State Council's opinion, it is only the 27th sub-project of 45 key tasks related to the investment of insurance funds in the field of aged care services. The person in charge said that the State Council's Opinions clearly proposed the development of home-based care, community-based care, institutional care and medical care.
In terms of investment and financing, land supply, tax and fee concessions, subsidy support, personnel training, charity and so on, a series of positive measures with great strength and high gold content have been taken. Some safeguard measures are put forward, such as perfecting working mechanism, carrying out comprehensive reform pilot, strengthening industry supervision and strengthening supervision and inspection.
It is a mature practice to carry out "housing for the elderly" abroad. This time, the State Council's "Opinions" drew lessons from international experience and proposed to carry out this pilot project actively, steadily and prudently. The purpose is to explore the endowment insurance products that meet the national conditions, meet the different needs of the elderly and provide them with independent choices, expand the supply model of endowment services, and then build a diversified, multi-level and demand-oriented endowment service model. [6]
Dou, Vice Minister of Civil Affairs, said that China will solve the problem of providing for the aged in various ways in the future, and encourage social forces to actively participate in providing for the aged on the basis of overall government support. "Housing for the aged" is a high-end service of market operation and a voluntary and independent choice. Dou pointed out that the opinion clearly pointed out that the government should adhere to the basic guarantee, focusing on providing free or low-cost support and nursing services for the elderly with financial difficulties in urban and rural areas, such as the "three noes" elderly, low-income elderly, disabled and semi-disabled elderly, and further clarifying the government's responsibility, which is good news for the elderly with financial difficulties in urban and rural areas. At the same time, facing the general public, we will focus on building a diversified and multi-level pension service security model.
Ministry of Land and Resources: The 70-year follow-up period of homestead will not affect the provision of housing for the elderly.
After the expiration of the use period of residential construction land, how to automatically renew it is not clearly defined. Will it affect some people's housing-based pension plans? Officials of the Ministry of Land and Resources believe that it will not affect.
The Property Law only has the word "automatic renewal" for what to do after the expiration of the use period of residential construction land. This worries many people. Take the general service life of 70 years as an example. Whether or not to pay, if how to pay, there is no clear regulation, which makes people who have the idea of housing for the elderly very worried. Qi, vice minister of land and resources, said that there are no specific regulations at present, but he believes that this will not affect the plans of those who have the idea of providing for the elderly with housing.
Relevant policies
1 "Providing for the Aged with Houses" or Solving the Pension Shortage
"Housing for the Aged" is one of the more mature and universal ways of providing for the aged in the world, and it has just started in China.
With the accelerated arrival of "aging", the pension "gap" has become a concern of academic circles and the public. "Housing-for-the-aged reverse mortgage insurance" is one of the mature and universal financial and housing-for-the-aged ways in the world, but it has just started in China. Zhan Chengfu, director of the Social Welfare and Philanthropy Promotion Department of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, said that the "Opinions" were written in the form of a pilot, which is good news for the elderly and insurance companies. If the pilot is successful, it will be of positive significance to solve the problem of "shortage" of pension funds for the elderly, revitalize existing housing resources and expand the business of insurance companies.
2. Medical institutions "settled in" pension institutions
All localities should promote medical and health resources to enter pension institutions, communities and families.
The Opinions put forward that all localities should promote medical and health resources to enter old-age care institutions, communities and families. The health administrative department shall support qualified pension institutions to set up medical institutions. General hospitals above the second level should set up geriatric departments, increase beds for the elderly, and do a good job in the prevention and rehabilitation of chronic diseases of the elderly. According to the deployment of the State Council, China explores a new mode of cooperation between medical institutions and pension institutions. Medical institutions and community health service institutions should establish health records for the elderly, establish a medical contract service relationship between community hospitals and elderly families, carry out on-site consultation, physical examination, health consultation and other services, and accelerate the pilot of telemedicine services in old-age care institutions.
3 Newly-built communities must be equipped with facilities for the aged.
According to the standard of per capita land use of not less than 0. 1 square meter, supporting construction.
According to the Opinions, the per capita income of all new urban areas and newly-built residential (small) areas shall not be less than 0. 1 m2.
House-to-house pension plan
Square meters of standard supporting the construction of old-age service facilities, synchronized with residential planning, construction, acceptance and delivery; The old city and the completed residential (small) area shall open the old-age service facilities within a time limit through purchase, replacement and lease.
Zhan Chengfu introduced that the State Council asked the Ministry of Land and Resources and other relevant departments to introduce specific policies to incorporate all kinds of land for the construction of old-age service facilities into the overall urban land use plan and annual land use plan; All localities and units can adjust idle public welfare land to old-age service land.
The "Opinions" clarify that private non-profit pension institutions and government-sponsored pension institutions enjoy the same land use policy, giving priority to ensuring the supply of land for the construction of for-profit pension institutions. At the same time, Zhan Chengfu said that the Ministry of Civil Affairs will work with the Ministry of Land and Resources and other departments to formulate policies to prevent real estate operations in the name of setting up pension institutions.